理工农医类高校R&D投入对企业技术创新的知识溢出效应分析

本文基于2000-2010年的省级面板数据,对我国理工农医类高校RD投入、大中型工业企业技术创新之间的关系进行了研究。模型结果表明,高校RD投入对企业创新能力和创新效益均起到促进作用,且在地理空间、技术空间上存在溢出效应;技术邻居对本区域企业的创新能力和创新效益均产生正效应;但地理空间溢出在创新能力和创新效益两方面产生相反作用,地理邻居RD投入促进本区域的专利创新,而因为新产品市场竞争的存在将对本区域的新产品创新产生负面抑制作用。     

财税激励政策对高新技术企业研发投入影响效应分析——基于广义倾向得分法的实证研究

本文基于2011—2014年中关村高新技术企业微观数据,运用广义倾向得分法和最新发展的非参数估计方法,测度了税收优惠和财政直接补贴在不同强度下对高新技术企业RD投入的动态效应,并就政策的有效性进行了对比分析。结论认为:财税政策对不同规模高新技术企业RD活动的影响具有异质性,且存在政策最优作用区间。大中企业的RD投入只对税收优惠的强度变化敏感,税收优惠强度增加可有效促进其RD投入,而直接补贴的边际激励效应不显著;小微企业对两种政策均较为敏感,税收优惠对其RD活动的激励作用显著,随着直接补贴的强度增加其RD投入水平缓慢提高。     

R&D投入对全要素生产率的溢出效应

依据1995～2007年中国东、中、西部三大区域的相关数据,采用面板数据模型进行计量经济分析表明:不同类型的RD投入对全要素生产率(TFP)的增长均有正向促进作用,但RD活动的溢出效果不同。区域之外的RD累积投入(技术引进费用)带来的TFP增长效应最大;企业RD累积投入对TFP增长作用的效果居其次;高等院校与科研院所RD累积投入TFP增长效应最小。区域自主创新对东部地区TFP的作用大于中、西部;技术引进对西部地区TFP的作用大于中部,对中部地区的作用大于东部。同时不同类型的RD活动彼此影响的程度和方向不同,这给科技政策的制定提供了参考的依据。     

区域产学研合作活跃度的空间特征与影响因素

基于2000-2009年间的省际面板数据,首先运用基尼系数、σ收敛和β收敛方法对中国区域产学研合作活跃度的空间分布特征及变动趋势进行客观描述,然后采用多元阶层回归方法,从区域社会资本、技术能力和经济环境等角度分析区域产学研合作活跃度的影响因素。实证研究结果表明,中国产学研合作活跃度存在空间分布的集聚特征,东部产学研合作比较活跃,中部次之,西部不太活跃;从变动趋势来看,全国和东西部地区产学研合作活跃度的非均衡性总体呈发散趋势,中部则存在收敛效应。回归分析结果显示,产学研合作活跃度的空间分布特征和变动趋势受区域社会资本(信任、规范和社会网络)、技术能力(RD存量和RD人员数量)和经济环境(高技术产业规模和出口经济规模)以及企业所有权性质等因素的影响。     

R&D投入及其溢出效应对区域经济增长的影响

基于我国2005—2014年31个省、自治区、直辖市(不包括港澳台地区)省际面板数据,通过构建空间计量模型,分析各省区市的直接RD和间接RD对省域经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:从全国范围来看,RD成为驱动经济增长的投入要素中仅次于资本的最重要因素,而且直接RD和间接RD对经济增长的贡献相当;从分地区的情况看,直接RD和间接RD的东部地区驱动作用最大,且在东中西部呈梯度下降的趋势,劳动力要素对中部地区驱动作用最强,资本要素对西部地区驱动作用最强。     

黑龙江省高校科研人力资本投入与经济增长关系研究

对黑龙江省基础研究RD人员、应用研究RD人员、试验发展研究RD人员投入与经济增长进行了协整关系检验,利用ECM模型来分析它们之间的长期影响机制。研究发现:基础研究的RD人员、投入应用研究RD人员对经济增长有很大的正向促进作用,经济增长、基础研究RD人员投入、应用研究RD人员投入、试验发展研究RD人员投入之间存在四个长期协整关系。该研究表明黑龙江省应加大对高校科研人力资本的投入,并建立相应的激励制度以提高其对经济增长的促进作用。     

中国高技术产业集聚经济差异分析北大核心CSSCI

本文借鉴Akihiro Otsuka和Mika Goto改进的索洛残差法,对中国高技术产业的集聚经济效应进行效果评价,并进一步分析了财政科技投入对高技术产业集聚的贡献。研究发现,高技术产业集聚经济效应存在显著的区域差异,财政科技投入的贡献率呈收敛趋势,且中西部的高技术产业集聚经济效应高于东部地区,从而为政府优化科技资源投入提供相应建议。     

政府补贴对企业R&D投入的影响——基于我国高技术产业的实证研究

一个国家的企业保持活跃的RD投入和技术创新是国家经济可持续发展的基础。但是由于RD活动存在一定的外部性,政府有必要通过补贴的方式,激励企业增大RD投入。以我国高技术产业为例,对高技术产业五个细分行业2003—2008年的数据进行面板数据分析。研究发现:(1)政府补贴并不一定会促使企业增加RD投入水平,其效应与政府补贴率r有关;(2)政府补贴对企业RD投入的影响具有滞后性;(3)政府补贴对高技术产业的五个细分行业影响存在较大差异。     

中国高技术产业集聚经济差异分析

本文借鉴Akihiro Otsuka和Mika Goto改进的索洛残差法,对中国高技术产业的集聚经济效应进行效果评价,并进一步分析了财政科技投入对高技术产业集聚的贡献。研究发现,高技术产业集聚经济效应存在显著的区域差异,财政科技投入的贡献率呈收敛趋势,且中西部的高技术产业集聚经济效应高于东部地区,从而为政府优化科技资源投入提供相应建议。     

R&D投入对中国迈进高收入国家的襄助效应

分析9个国家的RD投入状况及效应,探究RD投入对规避中等收入陷阱的襄助效应,对RD投入的襄助效应进行成因分析。结论表明,中国的RD投入均衡水平较低,RD人员强度远低于RD支出强度。大幅增加RD研究人员强度,适度增加RD支出强度,有利于提高RD投入均衡水平,提高我国就业率和公共教育强度,进而提高其综合评价值,为我国成功迈进高收入国家的政策选择提供数据支撑。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence