Identity Production in Figured Worlds: How Some Multiracial Students Become Racial Atravesados/as

Using Holland et al.’s (Identity and agency in cultural worlds, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1998) theory of identity and their concept of figured worlds, this article provides an overview of how twenty-five undergraduates of color came to produce a Multiracial identity. Using Critical Race Theory methodology with ethnographic interviewing as the primary method, I specifically focus on the ways in which Multiracial figured worlds operate within a racial borderland (Anzaldúa in Borderlands: La Frontera—The New Mestiza, Aunt Lute Books, San Francisco, 1987), an alternate, marginal world where improvisational play (Holland et al. in Identity and agency in cultural worlds, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1998) and facultad became critical elements of survival. Participants exercised their agency by perforating monoracial storylines and developed a complex process of identity production that informed their behaviors by a multifaceted negotiation of positionalities. I end by focusing on implications for urban education that can be drawn from this study.     

The Role of Campus Support,Undocumented Identity,and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on Civic Engagement for Latinx Undocumented Undergraduates

This study examined civic engagement in a sample of 790 undocumented Latinx undergraduates (aged 18–30). The relations between social supports (campus safe spaces and peer support) and civic engagement and whether a strong sense of undocumented identity mediated this relation were examined. Competing statistical models examined the role of participants' status (whether or not they received temporary protection from deportation with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA]) in this mediational process. Results revealed that having a strong identification with being undocumented mediated the role of social supports on civic engagement in the overall sample, and that this process was specifically important for those with DACA status. The intersection of policies such as DACA and the lived experiences of Latinx undocumented college students are discussed.     

Racial Identity,Centrality and Giftedness: An Expectancy-Value Application of Motivation in Gifted African American Students

This article explores the interaction between racial and ethnic identity, racial centrality, and giftedness and then uses an expectancy-value motivation model as a framework for understanding how the interplay among racial identity, centrality, and giftedness contributes to the motivation of African American gifted students. The analysis begins by defining racial and ethnic identity and discussing their relationship to racial centrality. Next, the interactions among racial and ethnic identity, centrality, and some socio-emotional aspects associated with giftedness are examined. An expectancy-value model then provides a framework for understanding how race centrality, racial/ethnic identity, and giftedness influence the motivational patterns of gifted African American students. Suggestions for future research are provided.     

初中后进生学科偏好成因探析——来自学生的访谈

为了深入了解后进生学科偏好形成的原因,采用质性访谈的方法对来自11所学校的21名初中生进行了研究。结果发现,来自教师的情感支持、学业支持、教学支持对学科偏好影响巨大,家人支持和同辈支持也会产生一定的影响,自我效能感在社会支持对学科偏好的影响中起到一定的中介作用,但后进生在多门科目学习中缺乏良好的社会支持。     

Causes of Mortality Among American College Students: A Pilot Study

This pilot study from self-selected institutions of higher education provides an estimate of the causes and rates of mortality among college students between the ages of 18 and 24 years old. One hundred fifty-seven 4-year colleges participated in an online survey of student deaths during one academic year. A total of 254 deaths were reported. The mortality rates (per 100,000) were as follows: total accidental injuries, 10.80; suicide, 6.17; cancer, 1.94; and homicide, 0.53. Within the accident and injury category, alcohol-related vehicular deaths (per 100,000) were 3.37 and alcohol-related nontraffic injuries were 1.49. Men had significantly higher rates of suicide (10.46) than women (2.34). Suggestions for future research and implications of these findings are discussed.     

美国高校国际学生的语言问题及对策研究

高等教育国际化是高等教育发展的趋势,也是我国高等教育发展的新方向。在这一背景下,对发达国家在教育国际化方面所推行的措施和经验进行研究,有利于改进和完善具有中国特色的高等教育国际化体系。针对美国高等教育中国际学生的语言问题以及美国高校采取的措施和对策的研究,将为中国下一步的留学生培养和教育国际化过程中可能出现的类似问题提供借鉴。     

Racial and Gender Identity Among Black Adolescent Males: An Intersectionality Perspective

A considerable amount of social identity research has focused on race and racial identity, while gender identity, particularly among Black adolescents, remains underexamined. The current study used survey data from 183 Black adolescent males (13–16 years old) to investigate the development and relation between racial and gender identity centrality and private regard, and how these identities impact adjustment over time. It was found that dimensions of racial and gender identity were strongly correlated. Levels of racial centrality increased over time while gender centrality, and racial and gender private regard declined. In addition, racial and gender identity uniquely contributed to higher levels of psychological well‐being and academic adjustment. These findings are discussed within the context of existing identity theories and intersectionality theory.     

A Longitudinal Examination of Racial Identity and Racial Discrimination Among African American Adolescents

This study tested the longitudinal association between perceptions of racial discrimination and racial identity among a sample of 219 African American adolescents, aged 14 to 18. Structural equation modeling was used to test relations between perceptions of racial discrimination and racial identity dimensions, namely, racial centrality, private regard, and public regard at 3 time points. The results indicated that perceived racial discrimination at Time 1 was negatively linked to public regard at Time 2. Nested analyses using age were conducted, and perceptions of racial discrimination at Time 2 were negatively linked to private regard at Time 3 among older adolescents. The findings imply that perceived racial discrimination is linked to negative views that the broader society has of African Americans.     

《典型美国佬》：美国民族身份认同的消解和建构

美国民族身份认同是美国文学批评所关注的核心问题,亦是族裔作家不断质疑完善的重要概念之一。文章以当代华裔作家任碧莲的小说《典型美国佬》为文本,审视典型美国人固有形象及其在小说中的化身以及家庭意象。她不但消解了美国固有的民族认同,突破了东方主义的藩篱,而且重新建构了一个多元文化语境下的以家庭为核心的杂和认同。     

Accelerated Online Learning: Perceptions of Interaction and Learning Outcomes Among African American Students

This study investigated student interaction, satisfaction, and performance in accelerated online learning environments with the use of an online learning course-management system. The interactions assessed in this study included learner–learner interaction, learner–instructor interaction, and learner–content interaction. The participants were African American students from a university in the southeastern United States. Quantitative approaches including correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine the contribution of interaction predictors to student satisfaction as well as the relationship between student satisfaction and student performance. In addition, Internet self-efficacy and its impact on interaction was investigated. The results showed that learner–content interaction was the only significant predictor of student satisfaction whereas interaction among students or with the instructor did not significantly predict student satisfaction. Internet self-efficacy was positively correlated with three types of interaction. Student satisfaction was found to be related to student performance.     

加强新时期职业技术学院的理想教育

在新时期,教育工作者必须明确理想教育在高职教育中的地位与作用,了解高职学生的思想动态,建立一套完善的管理机制,采取有效措施加强对高职学生的理想教育。     

从认同、反认同再到否定的认同——华裔美国文学中文化身份定位的变迁

文化身份一直以来都是华裔美国文学中的主题,其定位在华裔美国文学吏上屡经变迁,即从文化认同、反认同再到否定的认同;或是像黄玉雪那样完全屈服于美国文化,或是如赵健秀对美国文化完全对抗,但是任碧莲却在其作品中表现出了文化身份定位的特殊性,超越了长期以来华裔作家在两种文化处境中苦苦挣扎的困境,展现给我们一个多元文化杂交的文化世界.     

Skin Tone: An Examination of Trustworthiness and Innocence Among College Students

Skin tone research often addresses the effects of skin tone on prejudice and discriminatory practices. Empirical research has persistently investigated skin tone and its effect on prejudice, discriminatory practices, and sentencing outcomes. Using college students as raters, the present study examined the relationship between skin tone, trustworthiness, and innocence. A total of 139 college students at a Southern University observed 417 photos of capital murderers of varying skin tones to determine whether they appeared to be trustworthy and innocent. The study results revealed that college student raters, regardless of race, were more likely to rate dark-skinned individuals higher on both the trustworthiness and innocence scales than light skin individuals. The current study demonstrated that college students, in comparison to other groups, may respond less negative to skin tone variations.     

The Influences of Culture on Learning and Assessment Among Native American Students

The purpose of this article is to raise issues concerning the influences of culture on assessments of Native American students. The nature and extent of the problem is portrayed by citing information from national data sources on the achievement of Native American students. Cultural aspects of assessment and principles of assessment are discussed, using personal experiences to encourage others to reflect on cultural aspects of assessment. The article ends with the argument that there is much to learn about assessing Native American and other minority students, taking into account the external influences of culture, environment, attitudes, context, and perspectives.     

追寻与超越：华美女性文学身份政治的诉求与纯粹艺术的探寻

论文从华美女性文学的源头水仙花的命运开始追溯,并对黄玉雪、汤亭亭、谭恩美和任碧莲等的多部文学作品作历时解读,充分显示华美女作家在以笔为剑,透过文字,一方面表达对性别、种族身份的政治诉求,一方面应对来自族裔内部的批评,透过作品平衡各种矛盾和冲突,不断梳理中国文化与白入主流文化的关系、华裔女性性别身份与种族身份之间的关系、华裔内部民族中心主义者的批评等一系列与身份政治相关的问题,充分显示华美女作家在以文学实现其文化政治身份重建过程中的不懈努力和艺术天赋。     

School Cultural Socialization and Academic Performance: Examining Ethnic-Racial Identity Development as a Mediator Among African American Adolescents

Historic racial disparities in the United States have created an urgent need for evidence-based strategies promoting African American students’ academic performance via school-based ethnic-racial socialization and identity development. However, the temporal order among socialization, identity, and academic performance remains unclear in extant literature. This longitudinal study examined whether school cultural socialization predicted 961 African American adolescents’ grade point averages through their ethnic-racial identities (49.6% males; M_age = 13.60; 91.9% qualified for free lunch). Results revealed that youth who perceived more school cultural socialization had better grades 1 and 2 years later. In addition, identity commitment (but not exploration) fully mediated these relations. Implications for how educators can help adolescents of color succeed in schools are discussed.     

African American Students in Private, Independent Schools: Parents and School Influences on Racial Identity Development

Although much research has focused on the public school experiences of African American students, few studies exist that explore their race-related experiences within an independent, private school context. Studies have suggested that, while private, independent schools may elevate the quality of African American students’ education, many of these students experience social isolation from their peers. Using a qualitative methodology, the current study explores the experiences of African American students attending a private, independent school. Moreover, this investigation explores how schools as well as parental contexts contribute to racial identity development. Results indicated the importance of parents, schools and other significant institutions as racial socialization agents as well as their influence on specific identity-related processes. Educational implications for findings are also discussed.