Between the Under-Labourer and the Master-Builder: Observations on Bunge’s Method

Mario Bunge has repeatedly discussed contributions to philosophy and to science that are worthless at best and dangerous at worst, especially cases of pseudo-science. He clearly gives his reason in his latest essay on this matter: ??The fact that science can be faked to the point of deceiving science lovers suggests the need for a rigorous sifting device??. Moreover, this sifting has its rewards, as ??sometimes intellectual gold comes mixed with muck??. Furthermore, the sifting device is a demarcation of science, which answers interesting questions: what is valuable in science and what makes it tick? The question is under dispute. So before coming to it we should admit a few preliminary ideas that are more difficult to contest than ideas that purport to demarcate science.     

On the Symbols in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

Kafka indicates the alienation of people in modern society through an absurd story. The protagonist Gregor Samsa becomes a huge beetle and finally is deserted by his family. Kafka has not followed the traditional writing style, but employs many symbols to deepen the theme. In The Metamorphosis, characters, items, scenes and actions all have symbolic meanings. We will analysis the deeper meanings of these symbolic images.