基于改进k-means算法的入侵检测方法设计

在网络安全问题日益突出的今天,如何迅速而有效地利用入侵检测系统发现各种入侵行为,对于保证系统和网络资源的安全十分重要.改进的k-means聚类算法解决了传统聚娄算法在入侵检测领域所面临的混合类型数据相异度计算的问题.理论分析表明,此方法具有较好的时间复杂度,适合采用增量聚类,具有较好的扩展性,而且适用于任何数据类型,可应用于大规模的数据集.     

基于聚类的模糊支持向量机入侵检测算法

为了提高模糊支持向量机在入侵检测数据集上的训练效率,提出了一种基于聚类的模糊支持向量机入侵检测算法.该方法可以对训练数据进行剪枝,有效地减少远离分类面的聚类边缘点的数量,同时在分类面附近保持较多的样本点,以靠近判别边界的聚类中心集合作为有效的训练样本集合对模糊支持向量机进行训练,减少了样本的训练时间,提高了算法的效率.实验结果表明该方法提高了模糊支持向量机的训练效率,而且对入侵检测是非常有效的.     

一种抽取多数类边界样本的入侵检测算法

针对传统网络入侵检测方法在实时性响应和入侵行为识别率上存在的不足,本文提出了一种抽取多数类边界样本的入侵检测算法。该算法首先根据中心距离确定网络链接行为中多数类样本的边界样本,然后将多数类样本的边界样本与少数类样本合并构成新的训练集合,最后进行分类学习。该算法有效地降低了类别之间的不平衡度和减少了训练样本数目,具有更好的入侵检测性能。在KDD CUP 99数据集上的仿真实验,充分验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种基于核聚类的模糊支持向量机方法

模糊支持向量机（FSVM）具有很好的抗噪声能力,受到了很多专家的重视。然而模糊支持向量机算法的时间复杂度通常较高。针对这一不足,本文提出了一种基于核聚类的模糊支持向量机算法。首先根据核聚类算法对每一类原始样本进行聚类,然后对每一簇求样本中心,用样本中心作为新的样本点替换该类别的原始样本。最后本文算法利用中心距离型计算新样本的模糊权重,并利用模糊支持向量机算法进行求解。实验充分验证了本文算法相对于传统模糊支持向量机方法具有更快的分类速度。     

入侵检测技术中k-means聚类算法综述

聚类是入侵检测中重要技术之一,本文对入侵检测技术中k-means聚类算法进行了分类分析,分析了各种改进的k-means聚类算法的优点及其在入侵检测技术中的应用。     

基于邻近样本类别判断的不平衡数据分类算法

数据类间分布不均衡是不平衡数据集分类效果不好的主要原因,为了克服类间分布的不均衡,本文提出了一种基于邻近样本类别判断的不平衡数据分类算法。首先,对待判定样本,计算它的k个最邻近样本,然后将待判定样本的类别指派到它的k个最邻近中的多数类。由于本文所提出的不平衡数据分类算法在类别决策时,只考虑少量的邻近样本的类别,而不是考虑所有的训练样本,因此可以较好地克服类间不平衡对少数类分类结果的影响。在客户流失数据集上的仿真实验充分证明了本文算法能较好地处理不平衡数据分类问题。     

改进的k-means算法在入侵检测中的应用

k-means算法在运行过程中对聚类中心有着很高的要求,本文通过萤火虫算法初始化k-means算法的聚类中心,从而确保k-means算法得到更好的聚类效果。     

基于最近邻思想的K-均值算法

K-均值聚类算法是一种基于划分方法的聚类算法,本文通过对传统的K-均值聚类算法的分析,提出了一种改进的K-均值算法,并对该算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度进行了分析。该算法在计算聚类中心点时采用了一种最近邻的思想,可以有效地去除＂噪声＂和＂孤立点＂对簇中平均值（聚类中心）的影响,从而使聚类结果更加合理。最后通过实验表明该算法的有效性和正确性。     

基于SMOTE不平衡扩充采样算法的改进

针对不平衡数据集少类样本分类精度低的现象,本文提出了一种新的不平衡数据扩充采样算法。改进算法通过距离度量,在少类样本中心与其近邻间进行随机线性插值,使数据平衡。改进算法与SMOTE算法、C＿SMOTE算法分别对5个不平衡数据集进行扩充分类对比实验,基于AUC、OOB、F值与G值评价指标及成对样本T检验,证明改进算法能有效缓解类不平衡,并具有更优异的不平衡数据处理性能。     

改进的并行化谱聚类算法研究

提出改进的并行化谱聚类算法。该算法对于距离矩阵与相似度矩阵进行了改进,并在其中加入了kd树技术以对大规模数据进行稀疏化处理;然后在进行数据特征计算时,将数据以拉普拉斯矩阵的方式存入Hadoop之中,通过运行Lanczos分布计算的形式得到了其向量特征;最后运用在聚类算法中的较为高效的k-means聚类算法对向量特征的转置矩阵进行处理从而得到了需要的聚类结果。仿真实验结果表明,本文所提出的谱聚类并行算法能够为大规模的数据挖掘工作带来性能的巨大提升。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.