The phenomenography tradition in the study of classroom teaching

ABSTRACT

Phenomenography is internationally well-known for its use in studying learning and teaching in educational settings. This paper begins with the discussion of two approaches reported in the literature to study classroom teaching in the phenomenography tradition. The paper goes on to put forward a third approach that is in essence to return to the original idea of phenomenography and use observation of teaching activities for identifying the qualitatively different ways of seeing the object of learning. Observational data are collected and analysed by categorizing the teaching activities according to the ways of seeing that emerge from the data. This approach has been developed from a number of our projects on learning to teach Chinese. In this paper, the focus of the discussion is on the differences in the methodological assumptions underlying the three approaches to study teaching in the phenomenography tradition.     

School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China

This study examines the teaching gap between rural and urban schools in China from the perspective of teacher professional learning communities (PLCs). Drawing on in-depth interviews with 36 primary school teachers, the study finds striking disparities between rural and urban schools in the working of Teaching and Research Groups (TRGs). These disparities in TRGs result in divergent patterns of instructional capacity building in rural and urban schools. The evidence shows that teaching and teachers are strongly shaped by the school organizational context. It suggests that strengthening school-wide PLCs is an important way of narrowing the rural-urban teaching and learning gaps.     

教师的非语言符号在课堂教学中的运用

课堂教学是师生之间言语和非言语协调统一的交流过程,要提高课堂教学效果,就必须既重视语言符号,又重视非语言符号。在课堂教学中,老师只有学会运用非语言符号并理解和掌握各种非语言行为规律,才能有效地管理班级,达到最佳的教学效果。     

个性化教学在实际课堂教学中的应用

贯彻新课程理念,教师应努力创造新的教学模式,探索切合学生实际的个性化课堂教学方式,提高课堂教学效率．     

Change in beliefs after first-year of teaching: The case of Turkish national curriculum context

The impact of national curriculum context on mathematics related beliefs of 12 beginning middle grades mathematics teachers was investigated after the teacher education program and first-year teaching through interviews and a combination of three belief frameworks. National curriculum requirements, lack of effective mentoring programs, and preservice tutoring experiences were detected as the major factors impacting beliefs. Participants simultaneously had teacher-centered and student-centered beliefs, causing inconsistency in beliefs and practices. While participants’ preservice and first-year experiences contrasted, they developed contextual beliefs to deal with the difficulties. Reflections on teacher education and beginning teacher support policies in national curriculum contexts were discussed.     

新课程背景下课堂教学评价的实施误区

在新课程改革中,对学生评价进行变革是一个至关重要的问题。当前,从理论上讲,新的评价理念为改变原有学生评价中不完善的方面提供了有力的支撑;但从实际看,学生评价的操作中仍存在着很多的误区。针对这些误区进行社会学视角的反思,深入探讨其背后的成因,对研究课堂教学实践的改进具有重要的意义和价值。     

教育叙事策略在课堂语文教学中的应用

近年来,我国不断推动教育改革,为了积极响应国家号召,教师的教学方法也进行着同步的改革。对真实的教育实践进行教育叙事研究,无论是对教师,还是学生,甚至是对教育本身都有着深远的意义。作为一种教学方法,教育叙事策略有着不可替代的作用,它不仅能够使语文教师超越日常自我,反思教育教学的实践过程,教育叙事也是一种师生表达、交流的有效途径。基于此,本文主要对教育叙事策略在课堂语文教学中的应用进行了探讨。     

美术课堂教学中的德育教育

德育,历来都是学校教育的永恒主题,新的课程标准把德育教育放在十分重要的地位。美术学科里也蕴含着丰富的德育资源,作为美术教师要把思想品德教育寓于美术教学之中,努力做到教书与育人紧密结合。一要充分认识美术作品的德育内涵;二要深入挖掘爱国主义思想,培养爱国主义情感;三要在美术教学中有效的进行思想品德教育。     

热学课课堂讨论初探

在教学过程中,课堂讲授与课堂讨论相结合,有利于调动学生的学习积极性,引导学生独立思考,从单纯学习接受型向分析研究型转变,培养学生的创新意识和创新能力。     

浅谈现代职业教育教学过程中的课堂教学设计

职业教育课堂教学具有实践性等特点,其教学目的、教学内容、教学方法的选用及教学评价的方式和标准都与传统教育课堂教学不同,有效的课堂教学设计是课堂教学成功的必要条件。随着职业教育教学改革的不断深入,课堂教学设计又出现一些新的内容与方法。本文根据现代职业教育的特点与现状,对职业教育课堂教学设计的方法步骤进行分析。     

The Status of Literature: English teaching and the condition of literature teaching in schools

Although the curriculum subject of English is continually reviewed and revised in all English speaking countries, the status of literature is rarely questioned: i.e. that it is of high cultural value and all students should be taught about it. The concerns of any review, in any country, are typically about what counts as literature, especially in terms of national heritage, and then how much of the curriculum it should occupy. This paper reports on three inter‐related pieces of research that examine the views of in‐service and pre‐service English teachers about their experiences of teaching literature and their perceptions of its ‘status’ and significance, both at official level and in the classroom; it draws attention to how England compares with some other English‐speaking countries and to the need to learn from the negative outcomes of political policy in England. The findings suggest that the nature of engagement with literature for teachers and their students has been distorted by official rhetorics and assessment regimes and that English teachers are deeply concerned to reverse this pattern.     

新课改中课堂教学存在的问题及对策

课程改革的中心环节是课程实施,课程实施的基本途径是课堂教学,课改的重点在课堂,学生掌握知识、技能的主要途径是课堂,探究、合作、主动学习的主要场所在课堂,情感、态度、价值观培养在课堂,离开课堂谈课改、忽视课堂、轻视课堂论课改都是错误的。课改难点在课堂,三维目标之间的关系如何把握,探究性学习与接受性学习两类学习方式的关系如何处理,课堂学科教学中如何体现情感、态度、价值观,把我们的学科教学变成真正的教育课堂,这些都是难点。     

“以学生为中心”的“教学命运共同体”--重构高校课堂教学评价标准的指标探索

随着教学改革和教学模式变迁和互联网+的发展,高校教学评价体系开启了更加深层次的革新,增加了新技术和多媒体等现代教学手段这类指标,注重通过这种灵活多样的方式使得学生学到知识、领会知识和运用知识。该文以同济大学为例的本科课堂教学评价指标体系偏重"以教材、教师为中心"这一老问题为个案,通过梳理40门文科必修课程以及与50位不同专业的本科生的深度访谈所获得的第一手数据,分析当前本科课堂教学评价指标调整的方向和目的。研究发现,当前的本科教学应当秉持教学相长的基本理念,实现从"以教师为中心"向"以学生为中心"的转变,打通教师和学生之间沟通交流的各种屏障,营造和建构"教学命运共同体",使高校课堂教学真正得到质的提升。     

从伦理视角看高校课堂教学的效果之道

伦理作为人与人之间处理相互关系的道德规范,在调节教育教学过程中发挥着重要作用。当前高校课堂教学中伦理价值的缺失,严重影响到课堂教学效果。为提升课堂教学效果,应发扬伦理价值引导,明确"先师后友,亦师亦友"的平等师生关系,构建"导—学"互动教学模式,培养全面和谐发展的课堂学习观。     

基于英语学习活动观的高中英语课堂教学实践

目前教育形势不断发展、变化,高中英语教学中,新课标对学生的英语学科核心素养培养提出了更高的要求,因此高中英语教师应当不断创新课堂教学方法,优化课堂教学内容,将理论和实践相结合,对英语学习活动观有透彻的解读,引导学生将所学的理论知识应用到实际生活中,促进学生语言技能和英语思维的发展,最终达成高中生英语学科核心素养培养目标。     

当前农村音乐教学现状及对策研究

通过调查,发现农村基础音乐教育的许多方面存在亟待解决的问题,反映出了专业化与普及型音乐教育的明显分离。随着时代的发展,农村孩子对音乐教育的需求已越来越迫切,大力发展、全面提高农村音乐教育刻不容缓。     

高职理论教学与实践教学的两难困境及超越

当前,高职教育理论教学与实践教学陷入了两难困境,导致高职教学实践的摇摆和动荡。文章从社会经济、科技、教育以及认识论等多重视角进行归因分析,提出超越两难困境的出路在于将高职教育的理论教学和实践教学统一于素质教育和创新教育的实施中。     

Teaching for citizenship in Lebanon: Teachers talk about the civics classroom

National and Civic Education is a program of study compulsory across all grade levels in Lebanon aimed at promoting social cohesion and active citizenship. A sample of 19 civics teachers in Lebanon across four of the six governorates participated in semi-structured interviews. The conversations delved into their conceptions of citizenship and citizenship education and their reflections of classroom teaching experiences. Their responses revealed complex inter-relations among nationalist conceptions of citizenship, pedagogies of rote learning, emotional repercussions from controversial topics and limited opportunities to think critically and engage in dialogue in the classroom.     

Core competences and scientific literacy: the recent reform of the school science curriculum in China

ABSTRACT

China initiated a new round of science curriculum reform in 2017. Using the tripartite curriculum framework (including policy, programmatic, and classroom curriculum), we introduce and analyse China’s policy curriculum and programmatic curriculum for science in primary school and senior high school, and describe the potential problems hindering the translation of these curricula into the classroom curriculum. We first identify the multiple aims of different stakeholders in science education, some of which influence the science policy curriculum. Then, we present the major changes in how the programmatic curriculum meets the policy curriculum. However, due to extracurricular factors, the current science curriculum reform may not unfold as expected. We end with a discussion of the three major characteristics of the revision process of science curriculum standards in China, some of which might inform the global community of science education.     

The effects of tuition reforms on school enrollment in rural China

We estimate the effects of three sequential reforms undertaken between 2000 and 2006 on school enrollment for poor, rural families in China. Using difference-in-difference approaches and sample children from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000, 2004, and 2006 waves, we find that tuition control has had a minimal effect on primary and junior high school enrollment. Furthermore, a policy that includes tuition waivers, free textbooks, and living expense subsidies starting from 2003 had a significantly positive effect on school enrollment of rural girls, but not rural boys. This gender differential effect results from the improvement in the enrollment of girls who live in poor households. Finally, the provision for tuition waive for all rural children since 2006, although having no statistically significant effect on the overall enrollment, indeed improved the enrollment of children who were less likely to have enjoyed two-waiver-one-subsidy.