Public e-services for agency efficiency and citizen benefit — Findings from a stakeholder centered analysis

The main goals of e-government are to increase agency efficiency and offer benefits to citizens. These goals have often been addressed as two interplaying outcomes of public e-service development, which are possible to achieve in parallel. This article shows that the two frequently applied stakeholders of e-government (agencies and citizens) are much too extensive and heterogeneous in order to be meaningfully addressed in public e-service conceptualization and development. We conduct a stakeholder centered analysis of a public e-service development and implementation process in order to identify stakeholder groups and discuss how they differ in their perceptions and, consequently, also in their feelings of relevance and need related to the e-service. By adopting a multi-faceted perspective on stakeholders, public e-service development can be analyzed and understood in a way that takes several stakeholder groups into account. Our study contributes with deeper insights about a situation where stakeholder salience changes over time, while some stakeholder groups have low salience during the entire process. The result of conducting a stakeholder centered analysis is that we, by visualizing the stakeholder groups' differences, are better prepared to meet and combine different needs related to a planned e-service. Thus, we argue that a stakeholder centered analysis of expectations and opinions concerning the e-service help to develop e-services possible to succeed in offering both external service and internal efficiency.     

科学传播与互联网——美国R2委员会调查成果

这篇论文探讨了 8个问题 :互联网的发展与使用、互联网受众与其他媒介受众的比较、受众对互联网作为科学传播媒介的态度、对互联网作为大众传播渠道的宏观定性评价、正在消失的互联网模板、创建模板及评估高级网站的标准、在线科学传播记者的准备、五个未回应的挑战。     

Business perceptions and satisfaction with e-government: Findings from a Canadian survey

This paper examines business perceptions and satisfaction with e-government. Survey data is analyzed from businesses across Canada to determine their use of e-government and their perceived satisfaction with this technology for public service delivery. There are three research questions of this paper: 1) Are there significant differences for businesses that use the internet to contact government compared to those that do not? 2) Is there is a relationship between having a more positive perception overall by business of government and e-government satisfaction? and 3) Is there a relationship between businesses having input into regulatory changes, essentially being inclusive of business in the regulatory process, and e-government satisfaction? The results from the statistical models indicated that all three questions were confirmed. The findings of this study imply that governments should try to understand the business environment. A more positive attitude by business towards government, and being more inclusive of business in regulatory changes, leads to greater e-government satisfaction.     

E-government support for people in crisis: An evaluation of police department website support for domestic violence survivors using “person-in-situation” information need analysis

The crisis of intimate partner violence (IPV) requires a comprehensive array of government services in law enforcement, health, and social services. Impacting over 5 million victims in the U.S. annually, the beating, rape, stalking, assault, and other abuse of IPV force survivors to face multiple points of crisis. Repeatedly, most of these individuals move through separate dynamic situations that require different types of information. Building from the research literature on IPV survivors' experiences, this paper presents an original four-part framework of the Everyday Life Information Seeking (ELIS) information needs of IPV survivors. Using the person-in-progressive-situation approach of ELIS, this framework delineates 16 concrete information needs which occur throughout the four points of change: considering leaving an abuser, actually leaving an abuser, surviving after leaving, and long-term survival after leaving. Police departments are the local government first-responders most directly responsible for IPV survivors at the point of crisis. Their well-established use of community policing techniques requires police to serve as key information gatekeepers for all crime victims but particularly for IPV survivors. Police departments are examined in light of this original framework to determine the extent to which their websites address these situational information needs of IPV survivors. Using the original four-part framework as an analytic lens, this examination of 172 police department websites in the nation's 100 largest metropolitan areas reveals major gaps in provision of essential information. Solving these problems requires more than simply filling the information gaps. The fundamental approach to local e-government social service information delivery must be firmly rooted in the information experiences of individuals' situations. Findings are contextualized in terms of information theory most relevant to individuals in crisis; future research needs are delineated.     

Psychiatric resources: a core list for the small psychiatric hospital library

There is a dearth of core lists for the mental health librarian and materials must be selected from several sources. This list is described as "basic," but it does provide a core collection of books, journals and Web sites which can be used by mental health librarians to build or evaluate collections. "Classics" not contained in this list should also be included in library collections as well as a comprehensive handbook, Tasman's Psychiatry, to which mental health practitioners can refer for a quick answer to a question. Most importantly, the library collection should reflect the purposes and philosophy of the medical staff and institution it supports.     

从制度视角谈公共图书馆社会支持

公共图书馆发展的资源一方面来自政府财政,另一方面来自社会。政府在公共图书馆制度建设方面的重要内容是培育图书馆社会支持组织、促进社会支持图书馆发展的责任。从图书馆制度的视角探讨公共图书馆社会支持的路径、方法与机制,以形成政府和社会对公共图书馆投入与支持的良性循环。     

Reading as a lifeline among aging readers: Findings from a qualitative interview study with older adults

Older adults who identify as readers and choose to read for pleasure in their everyday lives are understudied despite the persistence and pervasiveness of this kind of reading. The phenomenology of reading and critical age studies inform this pilot project that uses in-depth interviews conducted with five readers who are between the ages of 75–90?years and who live in Canada. Data analysis followed principles of close reading and thematic analysis. Findings privilege the voices of the older readers and show how their experiences of reading can be analyzed using the metaphor of reading as a lifeline that, in turn, bridges with notions of resilience and embodied information practices. Reading for pleasure supports resilience and a reflective stance on life among older adults. The findings call for other researchers to engage more readily with older adults and will be of use to librarians and others who provide services, programs, and resources to older adult readers.     

Computer staffing,planning and control in art museums: Findings from a national survey

The national survey, conducted for all art museums in the United States and Canada, resulted in 252 questionnaires, of which 166 were computer-user museums with acceptable questionnaires. The institutions using computers averaged 2.2 million in budget and had a median membership level of 860. Museums were divided in small, medium, and large budget categories by the budget ranges of2.2 million in budget and had a median membership level of 860. Museums were divided in small, medium, and large budget categories by the budget ranges of 0-210,000, 211-817,000, and211-817,000, and 818,000+.     

The impact of rural broadband development: Lessons from a natural field experiment

Significant public investments in rural broadband internet service authorized by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act raise new questions regarding the impacts of broadband on rural residents and communities. The results of a natural field experiment involving broadband internet projects funded by the Community Connect program of the Rural Utilities Service are reviewed here to provide a context for future evaluations of the effects of broadband infrastructure deployment and efforts to stimulate sustainable broadband use in rural areas. Based on pre-post surveys conducted in four communities in 2005 and 2008, the implementation of broadband infrastructure grants increased broadband adoption, although penetration also increased where a grant was awarded but later terminated. Public education efforts in a community participating in the ConnectKentucky initiative had an incremental effect on broadband adoption by positively affecting residents' perceptions of broadband service. Impacts on individual economic development activities and community satisfaction were not found. Implications for rural broadband initiatives and future evaluations of their effects are drawn.     

"科学公仆"汤飞凡

汤飞凡是我国医学星空中的一颗巨星,英国著名学者李约瑟盛赞汤飞凡是"他的国家的杰出的科学公仆","预防医学领域里的一名顽强的斗士",并断言,"在中国,他将永远不会被忘记".     

A SERLINE-based union list of serials for basic health sciences libraries: a detailed protocol

In March 1981 the Consortium for Information Resources (CIR) was chosen by the Massachusetts Health Sciences Library Network to develop and automate a statewide biomedical union list of serials. Employing a commercial processor, ANSI standard Z39.42-1980, and SERLINE, CIR consolidated the journal holdings of six Massachusetts health-related library consortia. SERLINE, with its unique identifier as the single control element, governed the form of entry and bibliographic data for each journal. Additionally, SERLINE enhanced the union list by providing "see references" and general notations to map users to main titles or special information. An original feature of this union list is the "rolled" holdings and location statements intended to encourage even distribution of interlibrary loan transactions. The resulting union list of serials includes the holdings of 116 Massachusetts libraries, 94 of which are hospital libraries. The list includes nearly 3,000 unique titles and 15,000 holdings statements; production costs averaged $1.35 per unique title and 27 per holdings statement.     

Citizen preferences and government chatbot social characteristics: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment

Government chatbots have become increasingly popular as artificial-intelligence-based tools to improve communication between the government and its citizens. This study explores the interaction mode design of a trustworthy government chatbot, which involves multiple social characteristics from the user-centric perspective. A discrete choice experiment was conducted in the context of Chinese government chatbots to examine the effects of various social characteristics on citizen preferences. Participants utilized a crowdsourcing survey platform to report their preferences for interaction processes designed with distinct sets of social characteristics. Valid data were obtained from 371 participants and analyzed using a multinomial logit model. The results indicate that (in order from highest to lowest impact) emotional intelligence, proactivity, identity consistency, and conscientiousness significantly influence the citizens' preferences. Identity consistency has a negative effect, whereas the other factors all have positive impacts. It was also determined that some of these correlations are influenced by the participants' individual characteristics, such as age, gender, and prior experience with chatbots. This work provides empirical evidence for the relative importance of social characteristics and their impacts on user perception, expands the service dimension scope of information provision/communication (one of five categories of digital interaction), and facilitates the identification and operationalization of the social characteristics. We provide a theoretical framework to understand the interaction model design of a trustworthy government chatbot and also offer practical recommendations for government chatbot designers and policy implications.     

Enhancing the adoption of digital public services: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment

Governments increasingly digitalize the provision of their public services, but these efforts fail to generate expected social benefits if the services remain underutilized. We use a large-scale field experiment to provide causal evidence on how a concrete policy instrument, nudging, can be used to address such underutilization by a group of slow adopters. Our experiment is conducted in a real-world setting with actual citizens and makes use of informative and social influence nudges. We find that such behavioral interventions enhance the adoption of an online government service among the slow adopters. The effects are statistically highly significant and quantitatively large. The most effective experimental treatment doubles the adoption rate.     

科技期刊基金资助指数的作用及其意义

科技期刊基金资助指数是期刊所发表的受基金资助论文篇次与全部发表的论文总数之比。本文统计分析了19种期刊1987—1992年基金资助指数的情况,发现同一学科中一个期刊学术地位高,其指数就高。综合性学术期刊(含多学科)的指数普遍高于单科学术期刊。在这6年中,总体都呈指数上升趋势,但不是直线上升,而是呈S形台阶样递升,提示基金资助指数是评估期刊的一个有效的佐证。     

Organizational maturity for co-creation: Towards a multi-attribute decision support model for public organizations

The paper conceptualizes a multi-attribute decision support model for the assessment of organizational maturity for co-creation, specifically for public organizations. This is achieved on the basis of a systematic literature review (i.e. content analysis) and analysis of two European case studies of promising collaborative practices (from UK and Slovenia). The co-creation drivers and barriers elicited from these two sources are integrated in a decision support model, thus setting the layout of a multi-attribute decision support model for the assessment of organizational maturity for co-creation. The final model conceptualized here consists of 25 attributes or criteria grouped into three categories: organization capacity, staff capacity, and a wider political and normative context in which public organizations act.     

面向自闭症群体的图书馆感官包容设计——来自美国公共空间的启示

近年来自闭症患者人数不断快速增长,在全球范围内已成为严峻的社会问题。为自闭症患者提供服务是公共图书馆平等关怀人文精神的重要体现,理应纳入其残疾人服务体系。然而自闭症患者固有的感官障碍严重限制了其在公共场所的活动。美国不同类别的公共场所包含了对自闭症患者友好的感官包容设计,可以为我国公共图书馆提供借鉴,在环境和服务两个方面做出感官包容型的改进和创新。