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《Parenting, science and practice》2013,13(3):179-195
Objective. To compare parent and youth reports of the extent to which parents monitor their adolescents and to determine whether parents' perceptions of parental monitoring are more predictive of adolescent risk behavior. Design. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 270 parent - adolescent dyads recruited from rural communities in West Virginia. Parents completed a series of written questionnaires, and adolescents (12-16 years) provided information about their involvement in various risk behaviors. Results. Parent perceptions of parental monitoring efforts did not relate to adolescent perceptions of parental monitoring; parents generally perceived themselves to have more information about their adolescents' whereabouts and activities than their adolescents reported. No main effects of age or gender were found in the discrepancies between parent and adolescent monitoring reports. Adolescent reports of monitoring were negatively correlated with adolescent drinking, marijuana use, and sexual activity over the previous 6-month period. Adolescent risk behaviors were predicted by adolescent reports of parental monitoring alone. Conclusions. Parents and adolescents perceive the magnitude of parental monitoring efforts differently even when both parties perceive parents to know much about adolescent activities. Adolescents' perceptions of how much their parents know about their activities are more predictive of their own involvement in risk behaviors than their parents' perceptions about their own monitoring efforts. 相似文献
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我国每年登记在册的吸毒人数近年来整体呈现上升趋势,其中青少年吸毒人数的攀升更不容忽视。本文运用“个人是社会的产物而非起源”的视角展现了青少年吸毒同家庭结构与功能不完整、学校教育受损与同辈群体交往异常等因素之间的关联,分析青少年吸毒“心瘾”本质上呈现出麻木的快感、丧失自制、逃避现实等畸形心理特征。总体而言,青少年吸毒是由于其社会化过程中社会整合纽带受损或缺席导致。 相似文献
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Maryann O. Meniru Robert C. Schwartz 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2018,40(1):26-38
This empirical study examined the relations between Afrocentric spirituality and psychological help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and stigma among Nigerian adults living in the United States of America (N = 122). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale (Jagers and Smith in Journal of Black Psychology, 22, 429–442, 1996), the Perception of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Psychological Help Scale (Vogel et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychiatry, 56, 301–308, 2009), the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (Vogel et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 325–337, 2006), the Intention to Seek Counselling Inventory (Cash et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 111–112, 1975), and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (Fischer and Turner in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 79–90, 1970). Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that there was no relation between Afrocentric spirituality and help-seeking attitudes or self-stigma about seeking counselling. However, there was a positive correlation between Afrocentric spirituality and other-perceived stigma, demonstrating that increased Afrocentric spirituality predicted increased perceived stigma from others about seeking counselling services. Contrary to expectations, there was a positive correlation between Afrocentric spirituality and intentions to seek counselling. Implications for counselling practice and theory are presented. 相似文献
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《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(3-4):131-146
The authors present the University of Florida treatment program which is the result of cooperative efforts by the Psychological and Vocational Counseling Center and the Alcohol and Drug Resource Center. This program includes outreach programs and a Student Assistance Program as well as individual and group treatment for ACOA and substance abusing students. Illustrative case material is presented. Some general principles drawn from the development of a university based substance abuse counseling program are presented as well. The importance of understanding the social context of a student substance abuse, psychological awareness, and the need for multidisciplinary cooperation in the treatment and prevention of student substance abuse are emphasized. 相似文献
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ANN MARIE C. LENHARDT 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1994,34(2):102-113
A school-based substance abuse training model for counselors was sponsored by a federal grant and designed by a counselor education department. The program was successful in training counselors to design and implement prevention and intervention programs in the school setting. 相似文献
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物质滥用已日益成为严重的国际性社会问题。青少年时期是滥用物质的危险期,也是滥用物质有可能引发一系列负性结果的初始阶段。如何有效地对青少年物质滥用进行防治是当务之急。近年来,有关物质滥用的外显认知研究受到了挑战,内隐认知开始逐渐引起学者的关注。内隐认知的测量方法源于内隐联想学习的原则,强调对物质使用行为偏好自发激活的认知过程,从而有效地避免了自我矫饰的影响。因而,内隐认知研究为物质滥用防治开启了新的思路,其应用领域包括对物质滥用的预测,改变个体内部的认知结构以促使个体向正性行为转变,以及对干预效果的评估等。 相似文献
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John B. White Dana Burr Bradley Thomas Nicholson John Bonaguro Kathleen Abrahamson 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(7):519-526
The aging of the Baby Boom presents long-term care with many new challenges. Among these are the historically high levels of drug use by this cohort. This study surveyed administrators of licensed skilled nursing facilities in the Commonwealth of Kentucky regarding their perception of current drug use by residents, facility policies and procedures currently in place regarding illicit drug use, and their attitudes toward use of illicit drugs by residents. The results of interviews with 40 administrators or their designees revealed that they have experienced little problem with use or abuse of illegal drugs by residents. Fewer than one-third of the facilities had formal policies in place regarding illegal drug use. Only 10% had any experience with requests for medical marijuana, but almost one in five had a policy on the matter and nearly one-third stated they would support medical marijuana use by some of their residents if the matter arose. These authors recommend the following: (a) that the issue of illicit drug use needs to be addressed now before the situation becomes critical, (b) that administrators and staff need to be educated about recreational drug use and appropriate responses to drug abuse, (c) that screening instruments for drug abuse in this population should be developed and implemented, and (d) that policies regarding medical marijuana need to be adopted by all such facilities. 相似文献
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Individual and Peer Characteristics in Predicting Boys' Early Onset of Substance Abuse: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patricia L. Dobkin Richard E. Tremblay Louise C. Mâsse Frank Vitaro 《Child development》1995,66(4):1198-1214
Early onset of substance abuse is a clear marker for future maladjustment in adolescents. The present study employed data originating from 755 6-year-old boys from low SES neighborhoods, who were followed through age 13, to predict this marker. 3 models were tested using LISREL analyses to determine whether individual characteristics and/or peer influences were linked to subsequent substance abuse. Individual characteristics consisted of fighting, hyperactivity, oppositional behaviors, and likability. Peer influences referred to mutual friends' characteristics (aggressiveness and likability). Data were obtained from 3 different sources: teacher ratings, peer ratings, and self-reports. Results were replicated at ages 10, 11, and 12 years with 3 subsamples of the original sample and indicated that individual characteristics, more than friends' deviance, are pivotal in the development of substance abuse. This finding is consistent with results from other longitudinal studies involving children from a variety of cultural backgrounds. It suggests that prevention programs should target individual characteristics and begin at an early age. 相似文献
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This study examines general help-seeking behaviours and preferences for the counsellor, characteristics of gender and ethnicity specifically, in a sample of 448 secondary school students in Singapore. The relationship between the age of the student and his/her preference for the gender and ethnicity of a counsellor was also examined. Findings indicated significant differences in preferences for the gender of the counsellor, with most females preferring a same sex counsellor and most males preferring an opposite sex counsellor. Male and female students did not differ in responses regarding preference for ethnicity of counsellor. The findings also indicated a developmental shift in perspective regarding preference for gender and for ethnicity of counsellor. Neither gender nor ethnicity of counsellor mattered to the oldest group of students. In comparison, the younger students either reported a distinct preference for gender and ethnicity of counsellor or stated they were unsure of their response. Findings from the present study that are helpful to counsellors working with an Asian secondary school population will be discussed in the light of previous research. 相似文献
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The present study examined the hypotheses that more secure representations of attachments to parents are associated with less adolescent substance use over time and that this link is mediated through relationship quality and monitoring. A sample of 200 adolescents ( M = 14–16 years), their mothers, and close friends were assessed over 2 years. Higher levels of security in attachment styles, but not states of mind, were predictive of higher levels of monitoring and support and lower levels of negative interactions. Higher levels of security in attachment styles had an indirect effect on changes in substance use over time, mediated by maternal monitoring. These findings highlight the roles of representations of attachments, mother–adolescent relationship qualities, and monitoring in the development of adolescent substance use. 相似文献
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《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(3-4):115-130
The role of alcohol or drug use has been underestimated in the etiology and diagnosis of the physical, academic and psychological problems of the college student; so has the fact of being the child of a parent with substance use disorder (SUD). SUD can masquerade behind a multitude of problems seen by college counselors such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, social and academic difficulties. The price of unrecognized SUD for the student is continued dysfunction. The price for the counselor, floundering therapy. Even when SUD and other or other problem(s) co-exist (dual diagnosis), treatment may still fail (or remain incomplete) if SUD is not identified and treated. The current principles of SUD diagnosis are outlined here with the purpose of raising the consciousness of counselors, deans, doctors, or other health or administrative personnel to the concern of college student SUD so that casualty among students may be minimized. Brief reference is also made to the problems of being the child of an alcoholic or other substance abusing parent. 相似文献
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The present study examined the relation between children's mastery motivation, self-assessment of performance, and task-related help-seeking behavior during task performance. Average-achieving black American children, varying in mastery motivation as measured by subscales of the Harter's Intrinsic-Extrinsic Orientation in the Classroom Scale, performed a multitrial verbal task and were given the opportunity to seek help on each trial after making a tentative response and assessing their performance by rating their confidence in the correctness of the response. A response-contingent payoff system was implemented to encourage children to restrict their help seeking to those instances in which they perceived that they could not make a correct response without assistance. As predicted, children's self-assessments of performance, regardless of their accuracy, appeared to influence help seeking more than the actual performance outcomes. Neither children's self-assessments of performance nor their overall rate of help seeking varied with level of measured mastery motivation. However, the type of help sought varied as expected with mastery motivation. Children characterized by high intrinsic orientations toward independent mastery in academic achievement contexts sought indirect help (i.e., hints) more often than they sought direct help (i.e., answers), whereas children characterized by low intrinsic orientations toward independent mastery showed no preference. These differences in motivational orientation influenced requests for help only when children perceived their initial solutions to be incorrect. These findings are discussed in the context of the analyses of help seeking as an instrumental learning and achievement strategy. The implications of the findings for analyses of black children's achievement styles are highlighted. 相似文献
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网络远程学习者要想获得学业的成功,就需进行积极的学业求助来克服、解决所遇到的困难和挑战。该文阐述了网络远程学习者进行学业求助的途径和求助活动设计的理论基础,分析了学业求助的理论模型和潜在影响因素。 相似文献
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印天寿 《安徽科技学院学报》1998,(1)
物质代谢生物氧化还原测定方法,是一个方法简便、速度快、效果更好的比较研究光合综合作用强度及呼吸作用强度的新方法。本文首次提出它的测定方法及在生产实践中取得的一些测定结果。 相似文献
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采用调查问卷对228名中学生进行调查研究。探讨不同气质类型的青少年的逆反心理的现状及差异以及青少年的气质类型对其逆反心理的影响。研究结果发现,从性别上看,男生在行为逆反上显著高于女生,女生在情绪逆反上则显著高于男生,男女两性在认知逆反方面无显著差异;从年龄上看,初中学生在认知逆反上显著高于高中学生,高中学生在行为逆反上则显著高于初中学生;青少年的抑郁质对其情绪逆反有显著预测作用,胆汁抑郁混合对认知逆反有显著预测作用,胆汁质对行为逆反有显著预测作用,抑郁质和胆汁质对逆反总分具有显著预测作用。 相似文献
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Terence P. Thornberry Mauri Matsuda Sarah J. Greenman Megan Bears Augustyn Kimberly L. Henry Carolyn A. Smith Timothy O. Ireland 《Child abuse & neglect》2014
We investigate adolescent risk factors, measured at both early and late adolescence, for involvement in child maltreatment during adulthood. Comprehensive assessments of risk factors for maltreatment that use representative samples with longitudinal data are scarce and can inform multilevel prevention. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study begun in 1988 with a sample of 1,000 seventh and eighth graders. Participants have been interviewed 14 times and, at the last assessment (age 31), 80% were retained. Risk factors represent 10 developmental domains: area characteristics, family background/structure, parent stressors, exposure to family violence, parent–child relationships, education, peer relationships, adolescent stressors, antisocial behaviors, and precocious transitions to adulthood. Maltreatment is measured by substantiated reports from Child Protective Services records. Many individual risk factors (20 at early adolescence and 14 at later adolescence) are significantly, albeit moderately, predictive of maltreatment. Several developmental domains stand out, including family background/structure, education, antisocial behaviors, and precocious transitions. In addition, there is a pronounced impact of cumulative risk on the likelihood of maltreatment. For example, only 3% of the youth with no risk domains in their background at early adolescence were involved in later maltreatment, but for those with risk in 9 developmental domains the rate was 45%. Prevention programs targeting youth at high risk for engaging in maltreatment should begin during early adolescence when risk factors are already at play. These programs need to be comprehensive, capable of addressing the multiple and interwoven nature of risk that is associated with maltreatment. 相似文献
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云南新型毒品滥用原因在宏观上主要表现为:1.境外毒源的侵袭。2.社会压力过大,诱发新型毒品滥用。3.新型毒品有其特殊效果。4.新型毒品容易合成,且价格便宜。5.来自同辈的影响或压力。新型毒品滥用原因在微观上主要表现为家庭因素、朋辈群体因素、信念因素等几个方面。 相似文献