环境规制对工业绿色发展的影响及调节效应——来自差异化环境规制工具视角的解释

从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。研究结果显示:(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大;市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大;长期内则有市场激励型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展呈持续正向调节。基于研究结论,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。     

差异化环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响及调节研究

从影响及调节的角度切入,采用SBM-ML指数法、面板门槛和面板向量自回归模型,厘清我国环境政策自深化稳定以来差异化环境规制工具与工业绿色发展之间的关系。结果显示：(1)命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的影响效应随规制强度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,但前者影响更大；市场激励型则与规制强度成反比。(2)短期内命令控制型与公众自愿型环境规制工具对工业绿色发展的调节效应灵活且相反,但后者幅度更大；长期内则有市场激励型持续正向调节。至此,提出综合差异化环境规制工具建立一个平衡、动态协调的环境规制混合系统的建议。     

公众参与理论视角下环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响 ——基于空间计量模型与门槛效应的检验

为探讨公众参与理论对“波特假说”的影响机制,利用SE-SBM模型测得各省市“经济-资源-环境-社会”四位一体的绿色全要素生产率,并从客观层面、主观层面和结果层面3个层面的指标采用熵权法合成公众参与度测量标准,通过运用空间计量模型和门槛效应模型,研究公众参与理论视角下环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的作用机制。结果发现:(1)公众参与对绿色全要素生产率具有正向直接效应和空间溢出效应,环境保护领域的公众参与理论得到验证;(2)在目前阶段,公众参与和正式环境规制工具尚未能相互配合、相互促进达到提高绿色全要素生产率的目的,即未能发挥正向交互作用;(3)公众参与程度是经济激励型环境规制方式“波特假说”成立的边界条件;(4)命令控制型环境规制水平对公众参与环境保护效果具有门槛效应。     

环境规制、绿色技术创新意愿与绿色技术创新行为

结合计划行为理论,以高端制造企业为例,探讨了不同类型的环境规制、绿色技术创新意愿与绿色技术创新行为之间的内在逻辑关系和相互作用程度。层级回归分析结果表明：环境规制中的命令控制型和市场激励型均对绿色技术创新意愿和行为有显著的直接正向诱导作用,其中命令控制型环境规制对绿色技术创新意愿的诱导性更强,市场激励型环境规制对绿色技术创新行为的诱导性更强;绿色技术创新意愿能够对绿色技术创新行为产生显著的直接正向影响。研究结果还表明：绿色技术创新意愿在不同类型的环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间所起的中介作用具有差异性,对命令控制型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着完全中介效应,对市场激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新行为之间的关系发挥着部分中介效应,这揭示了“不完全规制”现象背后产生的原因以及“波特假说”得到进一步支持的中介变量。     

环境规制组态与海洋企业技术创新——基于30家海工装备制造企业的模糊集定性比较分析

以30家海工装备制造企业为研究案例,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从命令控制型环境规制、市场激励型环境规制、自愿型环境规制以及隐性环境规制四个方面探究影响海洋企业技术创新的环境规制组态.研究发现,产生高技术创新绩效和非高技术创新绩效的组态解分别有两个;自愿型环境规制与隐性环境规制之间存在潜在替代关系;强市场激励型环境规制...     

环境规制与工业绿色全要素生产率——基于命令—控制型与市场激励型规制工具的实证分析

本文利用1997—2013年中国30个省区市的资源消耗、环境污染和经济发展数据,结合Super-DEA方法对中国省际工业绿色全要素生产率进行测算,并以此为基础探究中国不同环境规制工具的节能减排效应差异.结果表明： 市场激励型比命令—控制型规制工具更具减排灵活性和激励长效性,命令—控制型规制手段对区域工业绿色全要素生产率的影响呈U形关系,基于经济激励方式下“利用市场”的环境政策工具——排污收费制度效应为正,而“建立市场”的环境政策工具——排污权交易试点政策并未表现出显著稳定的效应;东部地区的规制运行整体优于中西部地区,西部次之,中部最差;环境法制的完善对政府“利用市场”起到一定的促进作用,但“建立市场”的法制体系尚未健全.最后,提出相应的政策建议.     

环境规制、R&D投入与企业绿色技术创新能力

绿色技术创新能力是企业获取绿色竞争力的前提,也是国家绿色发展战略的微观基础,已有研究均未探讨这一能力的形成机理。基于绿色技术创新能力的理论基础与文献分析,构建多变量综合作用下企业绿色技术创新能力形成的结构模型。通过对福建省115家企业的问卷调查和实证分析,结果显示:命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制对RD投入有显著的正向影响,RD投入在命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新能力之间具有正向中介作用,消费者参与、绿色管理吸收能力在RD投入向绿色产品创新能力转化中起正向调节作用。     

环境规制对中国OFDI的绿色技术创新影响差异分析——基于异质性东道国视角

基于异质性投资东道国的视角,分析了环境规制对不同投资动机OFDI的母国绿色技术创新影响的差异.借助国际研发溢出模型,利用2003—2014年中国30个省区面板数据,采用系统GMM法进行了相关实证检验.结果表明,投资到发达国家和发展中国家的对外直接投资(OFDI)均促进了母国绿色技术研发.命令控制型和市场激励型环境规制对OFDI的绿色技术创新影响存在差异,但均能有效促进母国绿色技术创新： 命令控制型环境规制可以诱发企业对外直接投资的母国绿色技术创新,且对东道国为发展中国家OFDI效果更明显;市场激励型环境规制与企业对外直接投资的母国绿色技术创新呈现U形关系.     

不同环境规制政策对中国规模以上工业企业技术创新的影响

考察不同环境规制工具对中国企业技术创新及路径选择的影响,有利于中国实施高效的环境规制政策。本文使用2013—2017年中国30个省规模以上工业企业的面板数据,将企业技术创新分为内部自主研发和外部引进,探究市场激励型和命令控制型两类环境规制政策对工业企业技术创新的影响。结果表明：①两类环境规制工具对企业技术创新均发挥了不同程度的促进作用,且呈现出一定的结构和时序特征,部分验证了波特假说“弱”版本。具体如下：命令控制型工具在2016年新一轮“环保风暴”后对企业创新行为具有显著的促进作用;市场激励型工具对企业创新行为具有显著促进作用,但呈现作用随年递减的趋势;相较于企业技术引进而言,两类环境规制工具对企业自主研发的激励效果更大;在市场激励型工具中,碳交易市场对工业企业技术创新发挥了促进作用,且主要体现在外部引进方面。②分地区而言,东部和中部地区的结果与全国的结果呈现出相对的一致性;西部的结果符合波特假说“狭义”版本,即市场激励型环境政策工具比命令控制型环境规制对西部工业企业的创新激励更大。本文创新性地在环境规制中引入了可再生能源发电补贴和碳排放交易制度,细化了波特假说的内在作用机制,为国家进一步优化环境政策体系进而激励工业企业技术创新提供了科学依据。     

不同类型环境规制对中国工业绿色发展的政策效应仿真模拟

工业绿色发展是国家社会经济可持续发展的基础。运用系统动力学的方法构建中国工业绿色发展系统动力学模型,并通过调节3种类型环境规制政策变量的参数,模拟工业绿色发展系统在不同环境规制政策模式下的发展趋势。研究结果表明:适度降低命令控制型环境规制强度可以在污染小幅增加的情况下取得经济的快速增长;增强市场型规制可能会暂时降低工业绿色发展指数,但长期来看有利于中国工业的绿色发展;提高自愿型环境规制强度,可以在保持工业增长水平的情况下减少污染排放与能源消耗;但单独使用各类环境规制工具,都会在取得一定规制成果的同时产生某些负面效应,而3种规制工具的组合使用则可以取长补短,实现环境与经济的共同发展。据此,提出健全命令控制型环境规制政策工具、合理设置市场型规制工具的强度、强化自愿型环境规制工具的运用等政策建议,以促进我国工业的绿色发展。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.