Exploring the Relations between In-service Training,Prior Contacts and Teachers’ Attitudes towards Persons with Intellectual Disability

This study investigates the relations between teachers’ attitudes towards persons with intellectual disability (ID), in-service training on ID, and prior contacts with persons with ID. A sample of Canadian elementary school teachers (N?=?118) completed the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire, which measures cognitive, affective and behavioural components of attitudes towards persons with ID. Correlational and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Frequent contacts with persons with ID and experience of including a child with ID increased the likelihood of reporting prior positive contacts with persons with ID. In turn, this was associated with less discomfort towards persons with ID and more willingness towards interactions. In-service training on ID was related to better knowledge of rights and capabilities of persons with ID. Experience of including a child with ID in general education classrooms increased the likelihood to report feeling competent in teaching children with ID, which predicted more willingness to include children with ID.     

Preservice teachers' attitudes toward inclusion: Early childhood education and elementary education programs

Abstract

Teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion of children with disabilities play a central role in the successful inclusion of these children into general education classrooms. This study examined possible predictors of preservice teachers’ attitudes toward (1) persons with disabilities, and (2) inclusion of children with disabilities into general education classrooms. Participants were students majoring in early childhood education and elementary education. Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward persons with disabilities and inclusion were explained significantly by their personal relationships with persons who have disabilities and the number of courses related to special education/teaching strategies taken. However, preservice teachers’ experiences working with persons who have disabilities was not a significant predictor. Further, the relations between preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion and personal experience variables were mediated by their attitudes toward persons with disabilities. This study provides evidence that more effective, practical experiences and course content related to children with disabilities, inclusion, and teaching strategies need to be provided in teacher education programs to support successful efforts with inclusion. This study also suggests that teacher education programs should strive to improve students’ attitudes toward inclusion, as well as toward persons with disabilities.     

Multiculturalism and moral education: individual positioning,dialogue and cultural practice

Multicultural education can be seen as generally premised on two assumptions. The first is often made explicit: that children should learn not to discriminate unfairly on grounds of ethnicity or culture. To this degree, multiculturalism is clearly morally educative, encouraging children to see others in terms of their common humanity rather than their cultural differences. The second is more implicit and diffuse: that sensitivity to cultural and ethnic difference ipso facto promotes social justice and/or harmony between people(s) and thus is morally educative. Further implicit in this is that persons with different cultural practices are ipso facto ‘more different’ than those in similar relationships (such as neighbour, friend, customer, employee or whatever) but belonging to the same cultural groups, in terms of their lived experience. The concept ‘more different’ implies that ‘difference’ can be measured, and as a basis for policy, it further implies that such measurement can be objective. This article challenges this latter set of assumptions, drawing on ideas from nihilism, existentialism, poststructuralism and discursive psychology. If degrees of difference in lived experience cannot be objectively (or even intersubjectively) measured, then assumptions about how culture ‘fixes’ life experience may have undesirable, rather than desirable effects, and may counter, rather than reinforce, the explicit aim of multicultural education to reduce ethnic and cultural discrimination. Individual positioning may be as important as cultural heritage in determining differences in life experience, and thus possibilities for moral action, yet learners may not be able to respond to persons as individuals on the basis of an understanding of collective cultural differences.     

The truly disadvantaged? Midlife outcome dynamics of individuals with experiences of out-of-home care

Little is known about developmental outcomes in midlife of persons who were placed in out-of-home care (OHC) in childhood. Utilizing longitudinal Swedish data from a cohort of more than 14,000 individuals who we can follow from birth (1953) to the age of 55 (2008), this study examines midlife trajectories of social, economic, and health-related disadvantages with a specific focus on the complexity, timing, and duration of disadvantage in individuals with and without childhood experience of OHC. Roughly half of the OHC alumni did not have disadvantaged outcomes in midlife. However, experience of OHC was associated with a two-fold risk for various forms of permanent disadvantage, net of confounding factors. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.     

创建和谐英语课堂的愿景

创建和谐英语课堂是创建和谐教育、培养和谐的人的重要手段和有力保障。从激励代替指责、互动多于聆听、体验重于经验、自由高于创造等四个方面,可以创建和谐英语课堂的愿景。     

《憩园》——现代知识者启蒙意向的自省

历来对巴金小说《憩园》的分析主要是停留在现代知识者反封建的意义上。事实上,小说文体中叙述者以三种行为状态来完成叙事,从而导出小说文本潜在的三则故事。它们启示知识者开始反省原先的反封建的启蒙意向,为进一步认识巴金40年代创作的意义,全面理解20世纪前半味启蒙知识分子的精神历程,提供了新的例证。     

宣传系统优秀理论人才的素质要求和培养模式

新时期,党的宣传和理论工作要求广大哲学社会科学理论工作者应该是政治坚定、专业过硬、知识广博、勇于探索、善于创新、积极实践的“复合型“人才,优秀人才培养模式的探索必须在这一要求下进行.本文论述了优秀理论人才的素质要求、基本培养模式,并对进一步加强江西省优秀理论人才队伍建设提出建议.     

Special education in Pakistan

The aim of this research was to examine the type of activities as well as the challenges faced by befrienders supporting persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty-nine volunteers befriending an equal number of families with children with ASD participated in this study. Content analysis was applied on visit logs (n = 465) completed by befrienders during a nine month period, supplemented by thematically analysed evidence derived from semi-structured interviews with befrienders at the end of their volunteering experience. In agreement with our expectations, findings indicate a variation in the type, number and location of activities as well as the challenges of befrienders, depending on the level of ability of persons with ASD. Befrienders in both groups were mostly involved in leisure activities, had greater social interaction with the high functioning autistic group and carried out more structured 1:1 activities with individuas with low functioning autism. Interestingly, befrienders in both groups did not differ significantly on their reported challenges. The implications of this befriending service as a means of social support for families with persons with ASD are discussed.     

日、美、法三国基础教育师资配置均衡化的实践与经验

基础教育师资均衡配置是一项关涉教育公平和社会和谐发展的重要事业。近几十年来,日本、美国和法国等西方国家先后采取了一系列措施来确保教师资源的均衡分布,并取得了显著的成效。对这些国家的师资均衡配置实践进行评介,从观念层面、政策层面和操作层面对它们的基本经验进行剖析,将能为我国推进基础教育师资配置均衡化改革提供些许借鉴。     

东盟国家发展教育的经验对开发贵州教育的启示

西部大开发，人才是关键。贵州在西部大开发中急需培养地方性经济建设人才，这就要求贵州教育走多种形式的办学道路。东盟国家发展教育的成功经验，可资借鉴。改变旧观念，迎接新挑战是贵州走可持续发展道路的前提和基础。     

Following their companions as a form of exploration for human infants

Infants' following of other persons, often considered a measure of attachment, qualified as a form of exploration. The results of the first experiment indicated that following can be a means of investigating novel leaders: 16 9--12-month-old infants were as likely to follow an unfamiliar woman as they were the parent and were reliably more likely to follow a moving toy. The second and third experiments assessed the extent to which the experience of following familiar persons promotes learning about the environment. Infants who followed their mothers to 1 place were more likely later to investigate a similar place than those who initially either locomoted independently (experiment 2) or were transported by their mothers (experiment 3). The findings suggested that infants' transactions with the environment need not be considered antithetical to their social behavior.     

丰富学生情感促进人格健全——论大学语文教学中审美情感的培养

情感是人对客观事物的态度体验及其相应的行为反应。现代教育把情感作为教育教学的目标和手段。从情感体味、情感关注、情感升华三个方面分析教师如何在语文学习过程,让学生在情感的熏陶和碰撞中陶冶精神、体验人生,从而丰富学生情感,促进人格健全。     

试论高校名人档案的管理

我国名人名校灿若群星,一些著名专家教授在教学科研中积累了许多宝贵经验。针对目前高校名人档案管理落后的状况,从高校名人档案的收集、整理立卷、保管三个主要方面,论述了如何对名人档案进行管理,提出了自己的见解。     

论陶渊明诗歌中的和谐思想

陶渊明虽然不是思想家,但其诗文中展现出丰富的和谐思想。主要体现在三个方面:自我的和谐、与他人的和谐以及与自然的和谐。自我和谐由三部分组成:淡泊的名利观;“固穷”的贫富观;旷达的生死观。其和谐思想对我国当前构建社会主义和谐社会、推动和谐世界建设,都具有许多启示、很好的借鉴作用和较大的实用价值。     

初中生对残疾人态度的调查研究——以辽宁丹东市某初中为例

为了解初中生对残疾人态度和对残疾人知识的理解现状,本研究采用《社会距离量表》（中文修订版）对丹东市某初级中学的250名学生进行调查,并对其中30名学生进行了残疾相关知识的访谈研究。残疾人社会距离量表的测量结果表明,初中生对残疾人的态度是积极的,积极态度随着年级的升高而下降,但与性别和之前的残疾接触经验无关。开放式访谈的结果表明,初中生对残疾相关知识的理解是有限的,使得他们对残疾人的积极态度呈现出某种程度的表面化特点。     

回忆和氛围:汪曾祺小说文体的诗意建构

汪曾祺作为一个有自觉意识的文体家,以“小说是回忆”的诗意构成、“气氛即人物”的诗学意境的理论自觉,实践着小说文体的诗意建构。本文讨论:“回忆”机制对汪曾祺小说文体诗意建构的影响;同时指出:氛围浸透了人物,氛围体现人物的精神风貌,氛围投射人物的人生际遇。     

立足创新能力培养,造就军事通信专业人才

高水平的军队信息化建设需要一大批高素质新型通信技术人才和复合型军事指挥人才,军队通信类院校和专业担负着此类人才培养的重任。本文从通信工程专业人才能力目标的定位、通信专业创新人才培养体系及实践教学体系的构建、学员实际创新能力培养手段的拓展和通信专业实践教学环境的建设等四个方面介绍了我校通信工程专业人才的培养经验。     

《法律逻辑学》教学中的几点思考

逻辑学知识是法学理论通向法学实践的桥梁。在我国当前的法学教育环境下,法学人士的逻辑学知识水平普遍不高。加强法学本科教育中法律逻辑学的教学工作,是提高法学人士逻辑学水平的必要条件。从讲授该门课程的切身经历出发,结合案卷调查,对法学本科阶段是否有必要开设《法律逻辑学》、在什么阶段开设以及如何提高教学质量进行了一些思考。只有根据学生的基础知识水平,采取多种方式调动学生的学习积极性,才可能提高教学质量。     

日本私立高等教育发展的经验及启示

日本的私立高等教育可以说是相当成功的,为社会发展和进步作出了杰出的贡献。文章通过对日本私立高等教育发展历程的简要回顾,分析了日本私立高等教育发展的经验,以期为我国民办高等教育的发展提供些许启示。     

READING COURSES IN SOCIAL SERVICE

The lived experience of persons with disabilities necessarily challenges our understandings of religious education. In this article, the author reviews how the marginalized lives of persons with disabilities might lead us to re-envision how religious education is defined and embodied in Western Christian communities. Based on this, suggestions are made as to how we might begin to alter our religious education programs more broadly and inclusively. Literature shows that, for persons with “disabilities,” our programs should be more empowering, interdependent, affirming, and intentional with the religious symbols that they use. Religious educators are therefore invited to embody such expressions.