用户专利文献阅读兴趣及其拓扑结构研究

[目的/意义]通过挖掘用户对专利文献中不同要素的兴趣情况及各要素之间的兴趣相互关系程度,揭示用户对专利文献各部分的关注点或兴趣所在。[方法/过程]以Tobii T60XL眼动仪为工具,邀请26名视力正常从事科研的高校教师和研究生进行实验,记录其阅读专利文献的行为,取其中的有效数据进行研究。具体做法为：针对专利文献的特有编排结构,将每个专利文献划分为12个兴趣区即12个要素,给合用户阅读时的眼动行为、测前问卷、测后RTA访谈进行分析。根据某个要素在所有受测者范围内的访问时间、注视次数、瞳孔直径缩放比3个指标,计算各要素兴趣度;从回视次数出发,得到各兴趣区回视次数的关系矩阵。[结果/结论]构建各要素间的用户兴趣拓扑结构,实验发现：用户阅读兴趣在专利文献摘要、独权和从权之间呈现强三角关系,这3部分是最感兴趣的关联区域,同时用户也高度关注专利的具体技术方案的详细描述部分。     

科技论文的中英文关键词不一致现象统计分析

我国科技期刊所载论文的中英文关键词不一致的问题,包括关键词词序、数量、词义等不一致.为了解该现象,抽查了20种医药卫生类高影响力科技期刊共计400篇文章.发现28.75%的文章存在中英文关键词不一致现象,并对此作出了归纳总结,对其原因进行了分析,并提出了防范措施.     

What is Open Access Button? An interview with Joe McArthur

Articles published behind a paywall in commercial journals are often inaccessible to potential readers who are not affiliated with a subscribing institution. Open Access Button is an application that assists readers in finding Open Access versions of such articles. This service works in a completely legal fashion. This interview is with one of the co-founders of the service, Joe McArthur. Open Access Button is supported by the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition.     

Editors' Perspectives on Current Topics in Serials

Periodical Radio is a podcast interview program with the editors of journals and magazines. This article presents editors' diverse perspectives on topics including title changes, peer review, Open Access, the business of sustaining magazines, and the future of print versions of periodicals.     

学术期刊推进优先数字出版的问题及对策

优先数字出版是学术期刊从传统出版向数字出版转型过程中面临的新浪潮,国内学术期刊界给予了广泛关注和不断实践。针对学术期刊推进优先数字出版中的一些问题和现象进行分析和讨论：推行优先数字出版的必要性,如何增进作者和读者对优先数字出版的认可,如何保护期刊优先版的版权,如何引用优先版文献及其对期刊评价有何影响,如何协调优先版本与...     

基于流通数据的图书采访质量评价体系的建立

文章以中文图书尤其是新书利用率统计分析为基础,从采访队伍、人员素质、流通数据、书商评级等方面构建图书采访质量评价体系,以期提高采访质量。     

媒体融合背景下高校数字图书馆发展影响因素研究

[目的/意义]在媒体融合背景下,以传播学中的"使用与满足理论"以及相关研究为基础,从用户角度对高校数字图书馆发展的影响因素进行分析,并对数字图书馆建设提出建议。[方法/过程]采取访谈法对高校图书馆主管馆长和部主任进行访谈,从而获取数据,提取影响数字图书馆发展的相关因素,根据提取结果设计调查问卷,并进行数据收集。利用SPSS软件进行因子分析、相关分析、回归分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,"馆员能力与素养"对高校数字图书馆发展的影响最大,"空间服务""服务需求程度"次之,"设备设施服务""新媒体服务""资源建设"再次之。构建高校数字图书馆发展影响因素的"6340模型"。在馆员队伍建设、空间构建与再造、服务模式体系构建、设备设施建设和资源建设5个方面提出建议。     

E-Government readiness index: A methodology and analysis

E-Government has received significant attention as digital technologies transcend private businesses and serve as a basic source of transformation in government functions. One most notable project is the United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) that assesses the e-Government readiness of the 192 member nations according to a quantitative composite index involving website assessment, telecommunication infrastructure, and human resource endowment. However, the UNPAN index, though rich in depth and breadth of data collection, relies on a method that is a simple mathematical average of the values of the variables measured. This paper revisits the UNPAN index and proposes alternative indices based on principal components analysis (PCA). Using the UNPAN survey data, four different versions of the index are presented and the resulting rankings of the nations are examined vis-à-vis the existing ranking. The theoretical and policy implications of the proposed methodology and its results are discussed.     

移动社交媒体环境下青少年用户错失焦虑症特征提取

[目的/意义] 移动社交媒体环境下青少年用户的错失焦虑症（FoMO）问题愈加普遍和严重,提取出移动社交媒体环境青少年用户FoMO的关键特征,为未来构建一套稳健而实用的FoMO测量量表建立基础。[方法/过程] 采用关键事件分析和深度访谈两种质性研究方法获取原始信息资料,并利用NVivo 11软件对访谈资料进行编码,提取移动社交媒体环境下青少年用户FoMO的关键特征。[结果/结论] 从情境、目的、行为、结果和心理5个维度提取出由50个节点构成的移动社交媒体环境下青少年用户FoMO关键特征。     

图书馆情报学主要研究方法:了解、选择及使用

[目的/意义]研究方法在学术研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。确认图书馆情报学领域主要的研究方法，并对它们进行了解熟悉，以在开展研究时能合理选择、灵活使用，确保研究质量。[方法/过程]对近2 000篇图书馆情报学领域的研究文献以及相关研究方法论文进行内容分析，在此基础上对研究方法的类分命名、图书馆情报学界主要的研究方法的确定、特点和使用注意事项进行介绍和讨论。[结果/结论]研究方法应以数据收集法而不是数据分析法命名。图书馆情报学领域常用的研究方法包括实验法、问卷法、理论研讨法、内容分析法、访谈法和书目计量法，每种方法都有各自的特点。因而在选择使用时，既应根据具体研究课题及研究方法之特性，也要考虑使用注意事项，并尽量在同一研究中采用两种或更多的方法，以扬长避短，更有效地展开研究。     

基于科技文献多重共现的数据模型理论与知识发现应用范例研究

[目的/意义]科技文献中各种特征项及其之间的关联是构成多种多样共现现象的基本单元,通过挖掘共现特征项之间的关联,共现分析可以从不同角度探测科学与技术活动规律的方方面面,为科研管理者和研究者等提供一个全方位、多角度观察科学发展的新视角。[方法/过程]通过对多重共现的基础理论研究,构建一套独特的多重共现数据模型基础理论体系,该理论体系包括:多重共现的定义、多重共现的研究范畴、用于多重共现的变量符号、多重共现的矩阵定义、多重共现的数据组织形式以及多重共现的延展系数计算公式与应用范畴。此外,基于多重共现的交叉图可视化方式,构建可用于分析3个或以上特征项共现关系的知识发现方法,包括共现关联强度、被引关联强度以及共现突发强度的分析方法。[结果/结论]通过该基础理论体系的构建,拓展共现现象的研究范围,为共现分析走向多角度、多维度的多重共现分析提供基础理论的支持。并通过实证研究,选取不同的多重共现应用案例,证明该方法可应用于研究领域、研究机构、机构间对比、研究学者等方面的分析,同时具有较好的分析效果。由于该方法体系具有分析角度多维化和分析方法多样化的特点,通过该方法的分析,除能够实现一重、二重共现等的分析效果外,还能揭示出比一般共现更为广泛和深入的知识内容。     

基于IPA分析的政府开放数据关键性质量问题研究

[目的/意义]目前政府开放数据质量问题严重,造成了数据增值利用的困境。识别关键数据质量问题,有助于提高政府开放数据质量、实现政府开放数据的利用价值。[方法/过程]本文在分析政府开放数据质量问题的基础上,以贵州省为例对政府开放数据质量问题进行问卷调查和深度访谈,并采用IPA分析方法识别关键性质量问题。[结果/结论]研究发现,政府开放数据的割据化现象、数据孤岛和数据碎片化三个质量问题最为严重,而数据安全和隐私保护是政府开放数据最为关注的两个方面;政府数据开放过程中的重要问题体现在开放动力不足、数据权属划分不清晰、不考虑用户需求和数据可用性等方面,而亟待解决的关键性质量问题主要有数据碎片化、数据复杂性、数据规范化和数据孤岛现象4个方面。最后,针对这些问题,提出了政府开放数据质量改进的一些建议。     

What leadership qualities are necessary for productive librarianship? Explore coaxial traits of academic librarians in the twin cities of Pakistan

Academic libraries are experiencing significant changes, and leadership plays an essential role in successfully implementing those changes. The study analyzed the leadership practices in academic libraries in Pakistan's twin cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi). Another important purpose of the study was to shed light on the adopted practices in decision-making and motivating staff. The qualitative research approach was used to achieve the objectives. A structured interview method was employed to collect data from twenty chief librarians or directors of university libraries in Rawalpindi and Islamabad (twin cities). A purposive sampling technique was used. Open-ended questions were used to collect the data by considering the research objectives. The consent was taken from the selected LIS professionals as prior permission for the interview. NVivo was used to analyze the data, which was then presented using thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that most university library leaders were practising and following the participatory leadership style, also known as democratic leadership.The study will create awareness among academic professionals about the adopted leadership styles and practices and the benefits that can be obtained by implementing them. It will also attract the attention of associated bodies towards this dilemma and result in a positive initiative to build leadership skills in LIS professionals. To our knowledge, no prior study has been conducted to analyze the leadership practices in academic libraries in the Twin Cities, Pakistan. This study will fill that niche.     

Research methods: What's in the name?

Research methods are applied in all kinds of studies, though no consensus exists regarding what constitutes a research method and how research methods should be categorized. Over 1900 research articles were obtained from three major journals published between 2001 and 2010 in library and information science (LIS). Each selected article was coded using a schema of research methods developed in this study. The coded data, along with related publications, were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This exploration shows that research methods comprise data collection techniques (e.g., interview, observation) and data analysis techniques (e.g., qualitative, quantitative). Research methods should perhaps be categorized by data collection technique, as it makes more sense than if research methods are labeled as qualitative or quantitative. This study is one of the many efforts to facilitate a better understanding of research methods in LIS and help scholars make more informed decisions about research method selection in their endeavors. Its implications can be extended to LIS research education, training, and advocacy. Because research methods themselves are not discipline-specific, researchers beyond the LIS field would benefit from this study as well.     

“现采为主”的成因分析及采访策略

图书"现采为主"已成为图书馆采访工作的一种发展趋势.文章通过对图书现采成因的分析,指出当前图书馆现采中应注意的若干问题和相应的采访策略.     

Time gap analysis by the topic model-based temporal technique

This study proposes a temporal analysis method to utilize heterogeneous resources such as papers, patents, and web news articles in an integrated manner. We analyzed the time gap phenomena between three resources and two academic areas by conducting text mining-based content analysis. To this end, a topic modeling technique, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used to estimate the optimal time gaps among three resources (papers, patents, and web news articles) in two research domains. The contributions of this study are summarized as follows: firstly, we propose a new temporal analysis method to understand the content characteristics and trends of heterogeneous multiple resources in an integrated manner. We applied it to measure the exact time intervals between academic areas by understanding the time gap phenomena. The results of temporal analysis showed that the resources of the medical field had more up-to-date property than those of the computer field, and thus prompter disclosure to the public. Secondly, we adopted a power-law exponent measurement and content analysis to evaluate the proposed method. With the proposed method, we demonstrate how to analyze heterogeneous resources more precisely and comprehensively.     

AGRICOLA

AGRICOLA (Agricultural Online Access), the bibliographic data base of the National Agricultural Library, is a computerized information retrieval system that can be adapted for use in many library functions. Although the system is most commonly used for retrieval of bibliographic references by subject, it can also be helpful in preorder and precataloging searches, in interlibrary loan verification, and in collection analysis. Various bibliometric studies that can be done with the on-line versions of AGRICOLA are described as well.     

THE NEWS-GENERATING MACHINE

This paper examines the reporter–source interview in television news production. The starting point is that the interview as part of news production is largely ignored as a subject of research, especially considering its central importance in journalism. The interview is usually looked at as a method to gain information from interviewees. This study looks at the interview in a more constructivist way. The central claim is that the interview functions as a “news-generating machine” that compels replies from interviewees that can be used as raw material for news stories. The article brings forth the importance of the “pre-interview”, it examines and exemplifies standard question strategies, such as negative questions, and how the interviewee replies are edited and represented as news. In doing so, the article also shows how certain questions’ strategies are linked with the making of such common news frames as “the problem frame”, “the attraction” and “psychological news narratives”.     

基于质性分析的大学生在线健康信息采纳行为模型构建

文章采用半结构化访谈法,遵循质性分析方法的步骤,借助NVivo11软件对数据进行编码和分析,归纳大学生在线健康信息采纳行为的主要影响因素并构建理论模型,为网络健康信息平台面向大学生群体的资源优化配置提供理论参考。