秋的气魄

提起秋,人们马上联想起红叶.然而,我不能不说,红叶和秋的本质其缘甚远. 从枫的红到银杏的黄,红叶有着各种各样的色彩.日语的“红叶”一词,有时泛指各种颜色的霜叶,直接来自这些色彩的感触和深沉专注的秋的感触,还有一段不小的距离呢.城市里也许不是这样,只要踏进乡间一步,山裾树林的红叶,田野稔熟的金黄的农作物,红彤彤照射着的日脚……当你一一抽出来单独静观的时候,就会发现,它们毋宁说是属于残暑的,不是真正的秋的领域.试想,如果将我们的居室住宅,涂满上述各种色彩中的一种,我们生活的心境定会变得坐立不安吧.这种不安和秋的无所倚凭的心境,完全是两码事.     

雪

暖国的雨,向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。博识的人们觉得他单调,他自己也以为不幸否耶?江南的雪,可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息,是极壮健的处子的皮肤。雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶,白中隐青的单瓣梅花,深黄的磬口     

舒曼艺术歌曲的特点与演唱风格浅析

舒曼的艺术歌曲就如同浪漫主义时代的诗人的作品一样,富有诗意、幻想.从充满诗一般的意境、音乐与诗词的完美结合、丰富的钢琴伴奏表现力等方面分析了舒曼艺术歌曲的特点及演唱风格.     

雨前

最后的鸽群带着低弱的笛声在微风里画一个圈子后,也消失了.也许是误认这灰暗的凄冷的天空为夜色的来袭,或是预感到风雨的将至,遂过早地飞回它们温暖的木舍. 几天的阳光在柳条上撒下的一抹嫩绿,被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了,是需要一次洗涤.还有干裂的大地和树根也早已期待着雨.雨却迟疑着. 我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声.那隆隆的有力的搏击,从山谷返响到山谷,仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动,惊醒,而怒茁出来.细草样柔的雨声又以温存之手抚摩它,使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花.这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了.我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量,一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的眼里,如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点,久不落下.     

天行健,君子以自强不息

真正的强者,不是流泪的人,而是含着泪奔跑的人。——题记立下一个美丽的心愿,为你的成功增添一份勇气和动力,为你的前行找到正确的方向,为你的生活布下一个合理的棋局。有了一个美好的愿望,就得付出相应的行动,向着自己的梦想奔跑。     

雪听

飘飘洒洒的雪漫天舞蹈的声音,一片一片的雪花落地时相互碰撞又层层叠叠覆盖着的声音,那些躺在雪的温暖怀抱中的麦苗,发出香甜的鼾声,蛰伏的蛇的呓语还有冰下的鱼无声地滑动的声音。一只鸽子飞过,翅翼上蹈的声     

谈构建完善的校园网络安全防范体系

从校园网自身的特点出发,分析了在Internet环境下,校园网络存在的安全隐患以及造成的危害;提出构建一个较为完善的网络安全防范体系的策略,包括:网络安全设备的配备、统一身份认证系统的建立、病毒防护体系的构建、安全管理制度的制定等.     

中学生校外活动的社会化倾向及引导

随着社会主义市场经济的建立、完善以及知识经济在我国的兴起、发展,使中学生的校外活动较以前发生了极大的变化,呈现出理想逐渐与实际靠近、定位比较明确、具有一定的社会意识、成人化社会行为开始出现等趋势.中学生校外活动出现的这些新趋势,应引起我们足够的重视,并应采取有效的措施加以引导.如加强中学生的角色意识教育;用教师的榜样示范作用来影响中学生的社会化;建立社会、家庭、学校三结合的管理体制;强化学生的成才意识;正确处理社会化与个性化的关系;加速培养学生校外活动的骨干力量等.     

农村学校弱势群体教育如何开展

农村学校中的"弱势群体",是指学习有困难的智障、残疾儿童和低收入家庭的子女以及流动人口的子女.由于所处的困难环境,这些家庭的子女都有严重的自卑心理.他们常常远离集体,不爱与他人交往,一旦受到外界歧视,就会产生挫败感.这一群体所面临的困难光靠他们自己是无法解决的,需要外力的帮助.首先是制度的支持,其次是政府、社会和教育界的共同协助.     

关于高等数学课堂教学优化的思考

衡量一所高校的教学质量的好坏,高等数学的教学质量是一个重要且具可比性的标尺.由于高等数学的地位与作用,高等数学课堂教学普遍为人们所重视.当然也存在不少的问题,如高等数学教学内容多与教学学时少的矛盾日益突出.高等数学课堂教学应如何改革,是摆在每一位教师面前的一项重要任务.当然改革应从教学计划、教学大纲、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段等诸方面进行,但在目前的情况下.从教学的某些方面进行改革是可行的也是必要的.有鉴于此,下面主要就如何优化高等数学课堂教学谈一些粗浅的认识.     

Zentrale Abschlussprüfungen,Signalwirkung von Abiturnoten und Arbeitsmarkterfolg in Deutschland

The positive association between central exams and student achievement is well documented, but little is known about the long-term effects of central exams on labor market outcomes. This study exploits variation in exam systems across German states and educational tracks to investigate potential long-term effects of central exams on labor market earnings and unemployment probabilities. Results show that central exams are associated with higher earnings among pupils from the lowest educational track and with lower unemployment among pupils from the lowest and highest educational tracks. We also show that the association between earnings and exam grades is higher when grades are obtained in central exams, which should increase students’ incentives to study in states with central exams. In summary, we provide first evidence that central exams may have long-term impacts on the labor market.     

新课程与中小学学科考试改革

新课程背景下的中小学学科考试改革最为重要的是考试观念的变革,在考试内容方面,应注意因教施考、全面检测、注重能力、突出应用、发展个性,在考试形式方面应采取多种形式。     

英国14-19岁普通教育考试制度与高校入学机制的关系研究

本文研究了英国14-19岁阶段普通教育的考试制度及其与高校入学机制的关系.分析了其以资格证书为基础的考试制度的特点、经验和问题,为我国普通高中考试制度改革和高校入学机制改革提供参照.     

The consequences of central examinations on educational quality standards and labour market outcomes

Central examinations—that is, centrally set and marked exams—have often been discussed as an instrument for improving educational outcomes. The aim of our study was to determine whether central exams have an impact not only on educational but also on labour market outcomes. We explain school quality choice through the incentives created by central exams vs. non‐central exams and model the resulting students’ schooling decisions and employers’ wage decisions. We use the German Abitur and the variation among the German federal states with respect to central exams as a quasi‐experimental design for alternative educational quality regimes. As hypothesised from our theoretical analysis, the percentage of Abitur holders increases more quickly in quality regimes without central exams than with central exams. However, as theoretically expected in the case of a pooled labour market, the wage premium decreases not only for Abitur‐holders without central exams but also for all Abitur‐holders. This is due to the quality deterioration in the states without central exams which spills over into a pooled labour market. Thus, graduates from states with central exams and higher educational standards ‘pay’ for the quality deterioration of educational standards in states without central exams.     

论电大开放教育的试题质量控制

电大开放教育考试是教学过程的重要环节，是加强学生学习过程管理，检验学生学习效果，获取教学和教学管理反馈信息的重要措施，是重要的教学评估手段和教学质量监控措施。考试工作的好坏，考风考纪的好坏，关系到电大的教育质量和办学声誉；而试题编制质量，则关系到能否客观、真实地反映学习的真实水平。因此，保证电大开放教育考试的质量，就务必确保试题编制的高标准、严要求。     

What is at stake without high-stakes exams? Students’ evaluation and admission to college at the time of COVID-19

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 inhibited face-to-face education and constrained exam taking. In many countries worldwide, high-stakes exams happening at the end of the school year determine college admissions. This paper investigates the impact of using historical data of school and high-stakes exams results to train a model to predict high-stakes exams given the available data in the Spring. The most transparent and accurate model turns out to be a linear regression model with high school GPA as the main predictor. Further analysis of the predictions reflect how high-stakes exams relate to GPA in high school for different subgroups in the population. Predicted scores slightly advantage females and low SES individuals, who perform relatively worse in high-stakes exams than in high school. Our preferred model accounts for about 50% of the out-of-sample variation in the high-stakes exam. On average, the student rank using predicted scores differs from the actual rank by almost 17 percentiles. This suggests that either high-stakes exams capture individual skills that are not measured by high school grades or that high-stakes exams are a noisy measure of the same skill.     

When Teachers Misspell

Multiple-choice exams are often the standard in large, introductory college courses. Although students sometimes report that multiple-choice exams are easier than essay exams, the multiple-choice format often proves to be more difficult. This may be true because multiple-choice exams in college are often composed predominantly of application questions. They ask students to grapple with scenarios and recognize concepts in context, which proves to be difficult for many students. The author details the changes she has made in her introductory sociology curriculum and discusses some of the indicators of success.     

社会学视域下的大学生“裸考”现象

在高校,“裸考”是指没有经过任何准备或很少准备就去参加考试,其代表群体为在校大学生。“裸考”是一种畸形的考试现象,该现象的盛行具有社会层面、学校层面多重原因。重视教育作为社会流动机制的功能、拓宽就业渠道以及改革教育评价机制、完善考试制度、加强科学的职业生涯规划指导等,是当前引导大学生理性应考的迫切要求。     

Comparing State High School Assessments to Standards for Success in Entry-Level University Courses

States have moved rapidly over the past 20 years to institute systems of standards and assessments. State assessments in particular take on added importance at the high school level as they are required for graduation by an increasing number of states. Federal legislation mandating testing in high school also serves to increase the stakes and impact of state exams. Many states are also using high school exams for postsecondary purposes, although the content and criterion validity of these exams in relation to students' post-high school pursuits is not well documented. Though no state exam was developed with the express intent of aligning specifically with postsecondary education, it is nonetheless important to understand this linkage given the wide-ranging use of high school exams across the country. This study analyzed the content of state tests relative to a set of standards that identify knowledge and skills necessary for success in entry-level university courses. A total of 60 math and English assessments from 20 states were analyzed along a number of alignment dimensions. Exams were found to be moderately aligned with a subset of the university standards, but in an uneven fashion. English exams were somewhat more aligned than math exams, but math exams had high alignment in some specific standard areas, and English exams aligned poorly or not at all in areas requiring higher order thinking. In the future, states using high school exams for postsecondary purposes may want to examine the content of state standards and exams to determine their relationship to college-readiness criteria.     

大学生考试作弊现象的分析及对策

考试作弊破坏了考试的正常规则,通过对学生作弊原因、形式进行了分析,提出了加强诚信教育、营造公平竞争环境、改变教学和考试方法、加强考试管理、提高学生心理素质等几方面有力对策来防范学生考试作弊现象。