Parametrically excited oscillation of stay cable and its control in cable-stayed bridges

This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model for simulation and analysis of a kind of parametrically excited vibration of stay cable caused by support motion in cable-stayed bridges. The sag, inclination angle of the stay cable are considered in the model, based on which, the oscillation mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of this kind of vibration are analyzed through numerical, calculation. It is noted that parametrically excited oscillation of a stay cable with certain, sag, inclination angle and initial static tension force may occur in cable-stayed bridges due to deck vibration under the condition that the natural frequency of a cable approaches to about half of the, first model frequency of the bridge deck system. A new vibration control system installed on the cable anchorage is proposed as a possible damping system to suppress, the cable parametric oscillation. The numerical calculation results showed that with the use of this damping system, the cable oscillation due to the vibration of the deck and/or towers will be considerably reduced. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59978044)     

Parametrically excited oscillation of stay cable and its control in cable-stayed bridges

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典型矮塔斜拉桥地震风险概率评估方法研究

鉴于矮塔斜拉桥受力性能的特殊性,引入增量动力分析（IDA）和拉丁超立方体抽样（LHS）评估该结构在地震激励下发生损伤的风险概率。首先采用LHS考虑桥梁构件材料的随机性,与事先选取的地震波相结合形成桥梁-地震动样本集合;其次在确定桥梁有限元模型主要构件损伤指标的基础上采用基于蒙特卡罗（MC）抽样的IDA进行地震易损性分析和地震风险概率评估。为验证方法的正确性和有效性,对一预应力混凝土独塔双索面矮塔斜拉桥结构模型进行地震风险概率评估,结果表明:该方法既充分考虑了材料和地震输入双重随机性又避免了繁琐的积分过程,同时也提高了工程计算的效率及精度。     

大跨度斜拉桥拉索安全评估的概率方法

为了对运营期斜拉桥安全性进行评估,提出了评估斜拉索安全性的方法.考虑Daniels效应和断丝概率提出斜拉索强度模型与基于斜拉索运营期安全系数的大跨度斜拉桥可靠度评估方法.作为模型的应用验证,分析了宁波招宝山斜拉桥最长边索,即第25号索在不同检测期的安全性,并调查了不同的参数对安全概率的影响.分析结果表明:斜拉索Daniels效应不可忽略;运营期斜拉索的退化可以通过线性增长的索内断丝率来模拟;考虑斜拉桥拉索退化过程的随机性评估运营期斜拉桥拉索安全水平的方法是有效的.     

多点激励下多跨斜拉桥缩尺模型的地震响应研究．部分2：数值分析

研究目的：通过非线性动力有限元分析,模拟多塔斜拉桥在多点激励下的地震响应以及揭爪其在强震下的倒塌破坏模式。创新要点：解决了多塔斜拉桥的非线性动力数值模拟技术,并首次模拟了多塔斜拉桥在强震下的破坏模式。研究方法：首先采用隐式的Newmark-β法求解多点地震激励下的非线性动力方程（图3）,随后采用显式的中心差分格式对强震作用下桥梁的倒塌破坏过程进行数值仿真（图4）。重要结论：1．单主梁模犁的数值结果可以很好地反映地震模拟振动台试验的地震响应结果;2．在加速度峰值为4．0m／s2的E1。Centro波时,多塔斜拉桥模型只出现了中塔支座的破坏;3．在加速度峰值为4．0m／s2的江心波时,多塔斜拉桥模型先后出现了支序破坏、拉索与塔的连接破坏以及中塔上塔柱段的单元失效。     

Dynamic responses of cable-stayed bridges to vehicular loading including the effects of the local vibration of cables

Stay cables, the primary load carrying components of cable-stayed bridges (CSBs), are characterised by high flexibility which increases with the span of the bridge. This makes stay cables vulnerable to local vibrations which may have significant effects on the dynamic responses of long-span CSBs. Hence, it is essential to account for these effects in the assessment of the dynamics CSBs. In this paper, the dynamic responses of CSBs under vehicular loads are studied using the finite element method (FEM), while the local vibration of stay cables is analyzed using the substructure method. A case study of a cable-stayed steel bridge with a center span of 448 m demonstrates that stay cables undergo large displacements in the primary mode of the whole bridge although, in general, a cable’s local vibrations are not obvious. The road surface roughness has significant effects on the interaction force between the deck and vehicle but little effect on the global response of the bridge. Load impact factors of the main girder and tower are small, and the impact factors of the tension of cables are larger than those of the displacements of girders and towers.     

双塔单索面人行钢斜拉桥的设计与受力分析

以某双塔单索面人行钢斜拉桥为对象,采用Midas Civil建立全桥空间杆系有限元模型,进行恒载、活载和承载能力极限状态作用下结构受力性能分析,同时开展该桥的动力特性分析。研究表明:对于该异形斜拉桥,活载引起的主梁和主塔弯矩效应较恒载作用下的结果更加显著;承载能力极限状态作用下,该桥主梁、主塔、斜拉索等主要承重构件的最大应力均小于材料容许应力,满足规范要求;动力特性分析结果表明主梁面内刚度和主塔面外刚度较小,此外遮阳棚的局部振动在高阶振型中所占比例较大,在地震作用下可能发生破坏;该桥的一阶竖向自振频率为1.92 Hz,不满足现行规范要求,建议采取有效的减振措施来控制人致振动响应。     

Comparison of various procedures for progressive collapse analysis of cable-stayed bridges

Alternate path(AP) method is the most widely used method for the progressive collapse analysis,and its application in frame structures has been well proved.However,the application of AP method for other structures,especially for cable-stayed structures,should be further developed.The four analytical procedures,i.e.,linear static,nonlinear static,linear dynamic,and nonlinear dynamic were firstly improved by taking into account the initial state.Then a cable-stayed structure was studied using the four improved methods.Furthermore,the losses of both one cable and two cables were discussed.The results show that for static and dynamic analyses of the cable-stayed bridges,there is large difference between the results obtained from simulations starting with either a deformed or a nondeformed configuration at the time of cable loss.The static results are conservative in the vicinity of the ruptured cable,but the dynamic effect of the cable loss in the area farther away from the loss-cable cannot be considered.Moreover,the dynamic amplification factor of 2.0 is found to be a good estimate for static analysis procedures,since linear static and linear dynamic procedures yield approximately the same maximum vertical deflection.The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the cable failure show that the tread of the progressive failure of the cable-stayed bridges decreases when the location of the failed cables is closer to the pylon.     

多点激励下多跨斜拉桥缩尺模型的地震响应研究．部分1：振动台试验

研究目的：创新要点：为多塔斜拉桥在一致激励和非一致激励下地震响应的研究提供地震模拟振动台全桥试验方法,并有助于加强多塔斜拉桥抗震性能和抗震设计的认识。1．建立了地震模拟振动台多台阵试验方法,并首次将其应用于多塔斜拉桥全桥比例缩尺模型的地震响应分析之中;2．通过地震模拟振动台试验,揭示了多塔斜拉桥在多点一致激励和多点非一致激励的地震响应特性并提出了多塔斜拉桥在强震下的破坏模式。研究方法：1．基于动力相似理论,设计与制作了多塔斜拉桥的全桥比例缩尺模型（图2）;2．利用地震模拟振动台多台阵试验,根据在不同地震波作用下和考虑行波效应后多塔斜拉桥模型的主梁和主塔响应,分析了多塔斜拉桥在多点一致激励和多点非一致激励的地震响应特性（图5～图8）;3．根据在地震波不同强度作用下多塔斜拉桥模型的主梁和主塔响虚,分析了多塔斜拉桥在强震下的破坏模式和地震响应（图9）。重要结论：1．江心波作用下该多塔斜拉桥的地震响应大于其他三种地震波;2．多塔斜拉桥在抗震设计时需要考虑行波效应的影响;3．在El-Centro波的加速度峰值高达4．0m／s^2时,多塔斜拉桥模型出现了支座破坏。     

斜拉桥索梁锚固区足尺疲劳试验研究

斜拉桥索梁锚固区焊接集中,受力复杂,特别是在运营阶段循环应力作用下的疲劳性能值得关注。本文根据国内某大型斜拉桥中索梁锚固区构造,制作1∶1的索梁锚固区试验模型,进行静力与疲劳试验。根据试验实测数据,研究锚固区关键部位的静力及疲劳受力性能,从而对实桥索梁锚固区结构的可靠性做出评价。     

双边轮式斜拉桥悬索检测机器人设计与分析(英文)

为了检测斜拉桥圆柱形悬索内部钢丝情况,设计了一种新型的双边轮式悬索爬升机器人,简述了其机械结构及运动方式,建立了爬升模型,分析了其机构的静态特性,并以直径为139 mm的悬索为例给出了相关设计参数.为使机构在电路系统故障时能安全回收,提出了一种基于反电动势理论的安全节能回收方法,应用曲柄滑块驱动气缸设计了气体阻尼机构,以消耗机构下降时因重力作用产生的多余动能,并建立了机构数学模型来仿真下降速度.试验结果表明,所设计的机器人能携带3.5 kg重物沿直径为65～205 mm的悬索平稳运行,满足了悬索检测的实用要求.     

大跨度斜拉桥可靠度评估方法研究

针对大型复杂桥梁结构极限状态方程一般难以显式表达的特点,提出了基于神经网络的大跨度斜拉桥可靠度评估方法．通过Latinhypercube抽样技术对随机参数进行抽样,应用大跨度斜拉桥非线性有限元进行分析．通过对随机抽样的样本数据进行训练,应用神经网络的非线性映射和泛化技术,对大跨度斜拉桥的极限状态方程进行数值模拟．通过极限状态方程对随机变量的偏导数,求解结构可靠指标的优化问题,计算大跨度斜拉桥的可靠指标．结果表明：对于隐式极限状态方程的大跨度斜拉桥可靠度评估问题,本文方法具有较高的计算精度和较好的计算效率;荷载布置方式、作用位置等对斜拉桥可靠指标有很大影响;计入3种几何非线性效应后斜拉桥偏于不安全,其中斜拉索垂度非线性效应的影响最为显著．     

索承桥的受力特性及结构特点

从结构构造和力学特点两个方面进行对比分析,得出斜拉桥随着跨径的增加,拉索与主梁的夹角逐渐变小,竖向有效分力也随着变小,因此,斜拉桥的跨越能力会受到限制,推导了最佳的高跨比范围;悬索桥吊杆与加劲梁是垂直或斜向交叉,不会随着跨径加大而受影响,悬索桥比斜拉桥的跨越能力更大.     

强震作用下独塔斜拉桥抗震性能分析

以某跨径为110 m的独塔异形斜拉桥为工程背景,通过非线性有限元分析对斜拉桥在强震作用下的地震响应特性及减震措施进行了研究,得出如下结论:相比Lander-amboy波,卓越周期与桥梁固有周期较为接近的Cerro Prieto波能够引起结构较大的地震响应。行波效应能够显著增大工程背景斜拉桥的地震响应,且随着视波速的增大,桥梁的加速度响应明显增大。阻尼系数25 000 kN·s/m为工程背景斜拉桥的最优粘滞阻尼器设计参数,且在塔梁连接处安装该参数粘滞阻尼器后,斜拉桥减震效果显著,尤其能明显减小结构的位移响应。     

Aerodynamic stability of cable-supported bridges using CFRP cables

To gain understanding of the applicability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) cable in cable-supported bridges, based on the Runyang Bridge and Jinsha Bridge, a suspension bridge using CFRP cables and a cable-stayed bridge using CFRP stay cables are designed, in which the cable’s cross-sectional area is determined by the principle of equivalent axial stiffness. Numerical investigations on the aerodynamic stability of the two bridges are conducted by 3D nonlinear aerodynamic stability analysis. The results showed that as CFRP cables are used in cable-supported bridges, for suspension bridge, its aerodynamic stability is superior to that of the case using steel cables due to the great increase of the torsional frequency; for cable-stayed bridge, its aerodynamic stability is basically the same as that of the case using steel stay cables. Therefore as far as the wind stability is considered, the use of CFRP cables in cable-supported bridges is feasible, and the cable’s cross-sectional area should be deter-mined by the principle of equivalent axial stiffness.     

拱桥柔性吊索索力振动频率法测试

通过对拉索索力振动法测试计算公式简化分析,引入振动法测试的索力系数,只要在桥梁施工过程中通过压力传感器法或张拉千斤顶法确定各条吊索的索力系数,则振动频率法测试索力的公式变成了仅与拉索振动频率有关,对提高利用振动频率法测索力精度意义很大,尤其是精确测试短索的索力。     

三塔斜拉桥地震响应分析

文章以山东济南建邦三塔斜拉桥为研究对象,采用有限元软件建立该桥有桩和无桩两种模型,进行了动力特性分析,并在不同工况下进行反应谱和弹性时程分析。两种模型的地震响应的结果表明,桩土效应对结构位移和内力影响较大,在对大跨度支撑体系斜拉桥进行抗震分析时,应该考虑桩土效应。     

不确定型层次分析在斜拉桥状态评估中的应用

为了确保大跨度斜拉桥的安全运营,保证桥梁的使用寿命,采用不确定型层次分析法对桥梁的状态进行评估.介绍了不确定型层次分析法的相关理论和应用对象,在众多计算区间数判断矩阵的方法中,经过对比分析选用了最优传递矩阵理论,因为其计算结果精确可靠.以哈尔滨松花江斜拉桥为背景桥,利用不确定型层次分析法建立了该桥状态评估的指标体系和评估模型,确定了评估指标的权重并通过计算得到该桥最终的状态评估值,证明了该方法的可行性与实用性.这种评估方法的应用将会为大跨度斜拉桥的养护管理提供更加科学的依据.     

Shaking table test of pile-water-pier superstructure

The model test of seismic simulation shaking table is an important method to study the seismic design of bridge structure. In order to evaluate the seismic response and dynamic characteristics of pile-water-pier system for developing more reliable design procedures, shaking table model tests of a submerged bridge pier system, including pile groups-cap-pier and inertia mass, were conducted. Since different similitude laws corresponding to different test objectives affected the validity of test results, the similitude law with the aim to consider the effect of hydrodynamic pressure was proposed and confirmed through an actual example. Based on the test results, the effect of water around model on seismic response under seismic excitation input was analyzed and the failure level was judged by observing the variation of basic frequency. The test results indicate that the transfer function of analytical model with water is different from that without water, the natural frequency without water is always higher than that with water, and the first modal shapes are various. It is also concluded that the similitude law is suitable for practical application and the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of the structure system can be changed because of the existence of the surrounding water, which should be paid much attention in the further investigation.     

考虑电磁力作用下磁浮三跨刚构桥振动分析

研究了磁浮车辆与三跨刚构桥之间的耦合振动.考虑主动控制电磁悬浮力的作用,建立了磁浮车辆-桥梁耦合振动分析模型.使用数值方法对车辆通过时桥梁的动力反应进行了分析.结果表明桥梁的梁墩线刚度比宜在2.0到3.0之间.桥梁的动力反应随着桥梁刚度的降低、车速和跨度比的增加而加剧.建议桥梁动力设计中以控制桥梁的冲击系数和振动加速度为主.移动荷载模型和移动质量模型在磁浮桥梁动力设计中均不适用.所得结论可为高速磁浮三跨刚构桥设计提供理论依据.