教育理论构造的两种理想模型

教育研究方法的正确交代与实际运用状态的不足,业已成为制约教育研究成果合理、正确、有效与否的主要矛盾。这表明存在着一个如何评价教育研究成果有效性或可靠性的重要问题,与之密切关联的问题就是如何合乎逻辑地构造教育理论。教育研究成果的评价至少涉及三条规则:观点-证据联结的可靠性;资料-解释联结的有效性;概念-命题联结的合理性。教育理论的构造大致可以归纳为两种理想模型:ABCDEF(理论检验)模型和CDEFBA(理论建构)模型。依据这种理想模型,将有利于恰当地评价某项教育研究的有效性或可靠性,并促进教育理论研究更成熟和更健康的发展。     

Two Models of Educational Assessment: a response from initial teacher education: if the cap fits …

This paper is supportive of the judgemental model of assessment posited by Hager & Butler (1996) and is a twofold response. First, it examines the underpinning principles of assessment and testing theory on which their paper is based. Whilst the judgemental model of assessment is not based on the traditional notions of validity and reliability, as in classical test theory, it nevertheless does take account of and is built on appropriate conceptions of these two fundamental principles of any instrument of assessment. It is the concomitant and necessary shift in perceptions of these underlying principles that give support for Hager & Butler's justification for a judgemental model of assessment as that which is appropriate for the assessment of workplace performance. Second, it supports the application of the judgemental model to workplace performance by considering a pertinent area, that of a postgraduate certificate in initial teacher education.     

教育质量的多元模式

借鉴于总体质量管理(Tenner和Detoro,1992)和系统方法,Cheng(1995a)把教育质量定义为如下:“教育质量是教育系统中输入、过程和输出中基本要素组的特征,这些教育系统通过满足学校内外部支撑人物明确和含蓄的期望来提供完全使他们满意的服务。”更为广泛的说,这个定义包括了采纳于管理文学中质量的重要特征。如果我们接受这个定义,教育质量就是一个多元的模式,而且不易于由单一的指示器来评估。此外,如果不相矛盾的话,教育中不同人物的期望是极为不同的。对于一个学校来说,在同一时间内满足所有的期望或需要是困     

教育评价与教育评估辨析

自从20世纪80年代我国翻译引进教育评价概念以来,教育评价与教育评估经常混同使用。通过对教育评价与教育评估概念的国外溯源与国内演进过程的分析,辨析其内涵发展变化以及两者的联系与区别,以指导在工作实践中规范使用。     

Educational Assessment in Czechoslovakia

What is the history of educational assessment and research in Czechoslovakia? How have attitudes toward testing changed over the years? What are the prospects for the future?     

Educational Assessment in Singapore

Educational assessment in the Singapore context is shaped, to a large extent, by the country's educational policies and programmes, as well as the general principles and practices of assessment. This paper presents a profile of the assessment system in Singapore and how it complements the education system to realise the fullest potential of its precious human resources. National examinations and school-based assessments at each milestone in the education system are described so as to highlight the distinctive features of educational assessment in Singapore.     

教育研究评价科学化

教育研究评价是对教育研究的评价,教育研究有基础研究、应用研究和开发研究三种类型,与此相应,教育研究评价应以其理性和实事求是的科学精神使其具有科学性,作为动态发展过程的教育研究评价的科学化,其评价标准应因教育研究类型的不同而有所侧重:基础研究的学术价值和理论价值、应用研究的应用价值、开发研究的实践价值;其价值取向主要关注:教育研究的原创性、教育研究理性的人文关怀。     

美国教育问责模式述评

从美国教育问责制的含义及分类出发,对其历史从兴起和发展两方面做了系统回顾,并对其中的发展特点进行了总结和归纳.     

教育领导力模式变迁之反思

自上个世纪以来,教育领导力的研究一直被教育学界所关注,出现了数十种教育领导力模式。每一种教育领导力模式在彰显其优越性的同时也暴露出局限性。伴随着教育领导力模式研究的发展和变迁,新的教育领导力模式的完备性逐渐增强,呈现出统整其它模式的趋势。我国教育领导力模式的研究应该紧跟国际潮流,加强本土化开发,注重理论联系实际。     

教育现代化的区域发展模式及其机制

一、发展模式:教育发展研究的一种视角和范式1.关于发展研究发展研究大体上是20世纪20、30年代以后兴起的,经济学家弗里德曼在其《经济发展战略》中把经济学理论较早应用于经济发展领域。教育发展研究,大致是在20世纪60、70年代以后,先从教育发展规划研究,即联合国教科文组织推动的教育规划研究和世界性的教育发展研究开始的。比较著名的有地中海规划及俄罗斯、印度等国家的教育规划。到了90年代,教育发展研究的重点转向了战略规划研究。现代化研究,也属于发展研究范畴,教育现代化研究和教育战略规划研究,共同点都是发展研究,不同之处在于现…     

Two Worries about Educational Goods

In this brief comment on Educational Goods, I raise two worries about the authors' proposed normative framework for educational decision-makers. The first concerns the omission of rationality, or responsiveness to reasons, from the list of educational goods; the second concerns the inclusion of parental interests in the list of independent values.     

Four Perspectives on Educational Assessment

Educational achievement testing is considered from four perspectives. First, the political concerns for accountability provide a powerful impetus for state‐wide testing of students. Second, parents want evidence about their children's accomplishments but often do not receive nor understand much information regarding testing. Third, in the USA, teachers often spend 2 to 8 weeks preparing their students for achievement tests and administering them. The “high‐stakes” nature of the tests undermines teachers’ curricula and instruction and, according to critics, may place too much emphasis on discrete skills, rote recall of facts, and esoteric test‐taking strategies. Students’ views of testing are the fourth perspective considered. A series of studies has revealed that the trust placed in testing by young children is gradually eroded until many adolescents are sceptical about the purpose and value of standardized achievement testing. Low achievers are especially prone to give token effort and to use counterproductive tactics. The cumulative, negative impact of standardized testing on many students and teachers threatens the validity of the test results and effective instruction. Seven suggestions are outlined to improve educational assessment for all participants.     

教育评价的几大问题及发展方向

本文探讨教育评价必须面对的几大问题,包括教育目标的多重性、教育评价的完整性、教育目标的非兼容性及矛盾性,以及教育目标的个性化等。这些问题是教育评价中不可避免但又必须恰当处理的。因此,教育评价的发展方向应该是更加关注长期的教育性目标,减少对短期的教学性目标评价的依赖;更加注重个性化评价,找出个体学生的价值和发展方向。     

网络成瘾机制模型的教育研究

随信息化时代的到来,网络日益深入人的生活,网络成瘾现象作为其重要负面影响之一也引起越来越多的关注。作为伴随网络发生而产生的网络成瘾是一种无外界药物作用下的冲动控制障碍。本文综述了自网络成瘾概念提出以来,国内外学者关于网络成瘾的的发生机制的模型研究,以及进行合理心理干预的意义。     

International Development Models for Educational Reform1

Over the last half century of educational development, six distinctive administrative models have emerged: (1) neo-colonial, (2) centralised, (3) decentralised-regionalisation, (4) decentralised-sectoral, (5) community-based, and (6) transformative models. The origins, strengths, and weaknesses of the respective models are reviewed and compared.     

教育政策决策研究的四种模型及存在的问题

本文通过对教育政策决策研究的内容进行文献分析,总结了教育政策决策研究的五项主要内容,并在此基础上把对这些内容的研究方式分为描述式、规范式、方法式和逆向式四种模型,阐述了它们之间的关系;同时指出教育政策决策研究存在的问题,在于对逆向式模型的运用尚不够充分,这个问题应当引起研究者的足够重视。