Thirty-six things to do with a poem

At the 1980 conference of the National Association for the Teaching of English at Warwick University, a group of teachers considered the classroom teaching of literature. It seemed to the group that poetry was rarely popular with pupils in the schools that they knew, and that a checklist of ideas for teaching poetry might be helpful. The list is introduced here by the group's leaders, Geoff Fox and Brain Merrick. Specific contributions were also made by Graham Baldwin, Barbara Bleiman, Roz Charlish, Dave Klemm, Colin Padgett, and Andrew Stibbs.Geoff Fox and Brian Merrick have both taught in secondary schools and now work in the School of Education of Exeter University. They divide their time between teaching literature and method to student teachers and working alongside teachers in schools and on courses.     

谈如何搞好课堂教学改革

教学质量是学校的生命线,搞好课堂教学改革是提高教学质量的保证。笔者认为要扎实有效地搞好课堂教学改革,必须做好以下四方面的工作：①科学划分学习小组是搞好课堂教学改革的前提。②培养学生良好的学习习惯是搞好课堂教学改革的基础。③科学评价激励是搞好课堂教学改革的关键。④精心进行教学设计是搞好课堂教学改革的保障。     

The Fourth-Year Experience: Impediments to Degree Completion

Undergraduates who persevere to the fourth year of their academic careers have invested a great deal of time, effort, and financial resources in their education. In spite of the effort, many do not succeed in graduating. Students from an entering class of first-time, full time freshmen from a large urban university were tracked through their undergraduate careers in an ex post facto study in search of correlates to degree completion. Stopping out, taking developmental classes, receiving an F, dropping to part time, and withdrawing from classes were all associated with failing to complete for students still enrolled in their fourth year.     

Impediments to communication in transition to terminal illness

Viewing themselves in two hypothetical roles-as terminal patients and as family members related to a terminal patient-48 adults were surveyed on their expectations and preferences about how information should be communicated when a terminal illness is first diagnosed. Identifying with the patient role, respondents believed patients should be told the truth immediately and unconditionally. In contrast, respondents indentifying with family members perceived conditions under which the rights of patients should be abridged. In this latter role, male respondents were significantly less likely than males to imagine themselves as able to inform a loved one about a terminal illness. Nevertheless, for both sexes, early childhood experiences communicating about death and dying were found to be a better predictor of the case with which respondents can imagine communicating with a terminally ill loved one than are current adult attitudes and experiences. Regardless of personal ease in discussing death, however, most respondents thought the physician, not family members or other health care professionals, should decide when and how the terminally ill adult should be informed--a noteworthy finding in light of the fact that 83 percent of all respondents consider physicians poorly equipped for this role.     

充分利用专修室 搞好火控装备原理教学

充分发挥新型装备火控系统专修室的作用,在火控系统装备教学过程中指导学员通过示教器材和装备部组件等专修室资源,形象生动地学习装备原理、故障排除及维修方法。解决了以往教学中存在的装备少、结构复杂、易损毁、维修成本高、与部队更新不同步等教学难题,提高了火控装备保障人才的培训质量,收到了良好的教学效果。     

Mothers with mental retardation who do or do not abuse or neglect their children

Mothers with mental retardation with or without a history of child abuse and/or neglect were compared on a number of demographic variables. The reasons why children were or were not removed also were examined. The demographic comparisons showed that while those mothers with such a history generally had higher IQs, they were similar to the mothers without such a history. Twice as many of those with a history of abuse and/or neglect were married, lived independently, and had at least two children, one of which often had problems, in comparison to those without such a history. Examination of the reasons for child removal showed that removal occurred if the mother had a problem in addition to her retardation or if she was unwilling to attend and actively participate in a training program and/or did not have someone who could provide support. If a mother was willing and did attend training and had support, children were either not removed initially or were returned upon evidence that the mother was actively participating. In comparison to those mothers with a history of abuse and/or neglect, those without such a history functioned at a lower intellectual and functional level and were living with a relative who shared child-care responsibilities.     

教,就要选择学生不会的去教

一位青年教师是这样教学孟子<鱼我所欲章>的字词句的知识的: 课前,布置学生自读课文,要求把预习时在字词句方面遇到的问题抄在笔记本上.是读音方面的,摘抄句子并在词语下面加点;是解释词或短语意义的,摘抄句子并在词语下面加横线;是整句话不懂的,摘抄句子,不用另加标注.抄写时,在笔记本上隔行写,留下一空行作听课笔记用,并要求在句子前面用阿拉伯字标明词句出自课文的第几自然段.     

The things (we think) we (ought to) do: Ideological processes and practices in teaching

Ideologies of education and of teaching are complex and layered, and they contain macro-social, institutional as well as micro-ideological levels. Building on cases from the UK and South Africa, this paper argues that notions of ‘professionalism’ among teachers display such ideological layering, and that such notions are heavily invested with interests that transcend the operational or institutional scales. In the case of the UK, we discuss the way in which a teacher described her experience of taking a degree course, exposing a rift between individual, experiential knowledge and institutional, organisational knowledge, characteristic of the large-scale transformations of the educational field in the UK. In the South African case, we show how a white teacher instructing black township children deploys images of the disciplined body that derive from the Apartheid ‘old order’. In both cases we see that views of professionalism are infused with micro-ideological, practical beliefs as well as with macro-ideological social and political views. In terms of the implications of our line of argument for teacher education we conclude that student teachers should be taught explicitly about the discourses by which teaching is constructed so that they are able to reflect more critically on their professional practice.     

课堂重构:从“知识课堂”到“生命课堂”

从课堂的模式来看,传统的课堂模式是一种“知识课堂”,它是知识为本或知识至上的课堂;新课程倡导的课堂模式是一种“生命课堂”,它是以人的发展为本的课堂。新课程的实施最终要在课堂教学中落实,因此,对于广大中小学教师而言,认识和分析两种课堂的特点,完成从“知识课堂”向“生命课堂”的转变,无疑有着十分重要的现实意义。     

Transformational classroom leadership: a novel approach to evaluating classroom performance

In higher education, student evaluation of teaching is widely used as a measure of an academic’s teaching performance despite considerable disagreement as to its value. This paper begins by examining the merit of teaching evaluations with reference to the factors influencing the accuracy of the teaching evaluation process. One of the central assumptions on which student evaluation of teaching is based is that there is a relationship between student achievement and student rating of teachers. However, the findings of the majority of studies do not support this assumption. The absence of a strong link between student achievement and teaching evaluations suggests that there is scope for examining other approaches to measuring effective classroom dynamics. This paper presents such an approach based on the notion of transformational classroom leadership.     

The RA and TA experience: Impediments and benefits to graduate study

This study examines the growth and professional development of graduate students and compares these outcomes for students who have held assistantships and those who have not. In general, students perceive the assistantship to be a positive experience, but teaching assistants report less of a contribution to their professional development than do research assistants. Students with the without assistantship experience report the same growth in human relation and reflective thinking skills, but teaching assistants report the least growth in research skills, less even than students not having assistantships. Students with assistantships, both teaching and research, are more likely to be active within the external academic community by participating in professional societies and higher levels of scholarly productivity.This paper was prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Boston, November 1991.     

Which do students prefer to evaluate their essays: Peers or computer program

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems and potentials of new technologies in English writing education. The effectiveness of automated writing evaluation (AWE) (MY Access) and of peer evaluation (PE) was compared. Twenty‐two English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in Taiwan participated in this study. They submitted their draft to MY Access, received feedback from this automated grading system and then made some revision. In addition to the AWE, they also had peer revision in writing class. Three issues, including how writers used the feedback from these two kinds of evaluation, what progress they made in writing and how they perceived these two kinds of evaluation, are discussed. Results showed that EFL learners in Taiwan generally opted for PE over AWE. These findings raise several relevant issues, including social learning, feedback strategies, computer anxiety and cultural impact.     

Technology and adolescents: Perspectives on the things to come

Assuming that, given the processes of technology diffusion, adolescent behavior forecasts future consumption of digital information, it would seem pertinent to study the characteristics of teenager technology use. This research asks: What are the key patterns regarding the use of technology platforms by teenagers? Is technology usage among teenagers shaped by schools' disparate teaching philosophies and cultures? How is technology usage impacting the consumption of traditional print media? A survey designed to determine how high school students use technology was administered at a private boarding school in New Hampshire and a public school in New York. The research concluded that individuals' residing environment and context shape ICT adoption. School culture and geographic context drive behavioral technology usage patterns. Furthermore, consumption of information appears to be guided by a principle of complementarity. However, technology substitution should not be discarded. Finally, school culture incorporating and promoting technology use may contribute positively to knowledge acquisition, although technology adoption without controls could negatively impact the teaching experience. While directionally valid, the study results need to be validated by statistical research and case studies.     

Drugs in the classroom: A historical approach to drug education

This article suggests various techniques and strategies for integrating historical research methods into the drug education classroom. While most criminal justice programs offer courses on drug education, instruction has typically concentrated on policy issues. With little historical perspective on the roots of the drug problem, students are too often left with a one-dimensional perspective: that all illegal drug use should be criminalized. Like many recent historical events, the roots of the drug problem remain a distant abstraction to the current generation of criminal justice students. A historical approach to this subject using historiographic methods can lead to a better understanding of the cyclic nature of the U. S. drug problem and policies over the past century.     

Scapegoating and conflict in the classroom: A resolution through classroom discussions

Summary As is often the case for the counsellor, initial referrals when explored further lead to other issues. In this paper, a methodology was presented for dealing with scapegoating problems and a negative classroom atmosphere. The methodology involved the use of structured questions designed to help children: explore problem areas, express feelings, understand conflicts and activate the motivation to change and act positively. The sequencing of the format is important in that it allows for movement and transformation of thoughts and feelings. In addition, particular attention was paid to entry and exit stages and to shifts from self to other, facts to problems and problems to solutions. The model is easily understood by teachers and after a few modelling sessins by the counsellor most are able to use it on their own with minimal supervision.University of British ColumbiaThis article will also be published in Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, a journal of APGA.     

正确理解和把握在新的社会阶层中发展党员

江泽民同志在“七一”讲话中关于“应该把承认党的纲领和章程、自觉为党的路线和纲领而奋斗、经过长期考验、符合党员条件的社会其他方面的优秀分子吸收到党内来”的论述 ,是马克思主义政党建设的重大理论创新 ,具有重要的现实意义。我们必须把思想认识从那些不合时宜的观念、做法和体制中解放出来 ,从对马克思主义错误的和教条式的理解中解放出来 ,从主观主义和形而上学的桎梏中解放出来 ,正确理解这一重要思想 ,认真做好在新的社会阶层中发展党员工作。1　正确认识新的社会阶层人员的地位和作用党的十一届三中全会以来 ,我们党制定了“一…