Motivation and Attribution at Secondary School: The role of ethnic group and gender

Some 985 secondary school students completed a questionnaire as part of an investigation into the experiences of Asian girls in a secondary school arising out of a larger project concerned with motivational factors in educational attainment. Results indicated that (1) Asian girls enjoyed all aspects of school life as much or more than their non-Asian counterparts; (2) across both ethnic groups girls enjoyed all aspects of school except sports and clubs more than boys; (3) enjoyment of subjects followed sex stereotypical lines, irrespective of ethnicity: girls rated English, French, German, drama, music and home economics as significantly more enjoyable, and boys rated science, craft, design and technology, physical education, information technology and mathematics as more enjoyable; (4) irrespective of gender, Asian students reported more enjoyment of religious education, and lower enjoyment of drama, physical education and home economics; (5) irrespective of ethnic group, girls reported that there was not enough choice of subjects; and (6) Asian students of both sexes rated parents and friends as more important in contributing to academic success. These results are critiqued in a context that questions the desirability of conducting investigations such as this which dichotomise students into groups on the grounds of ethnicity.     

中学生学业成就归因的研究

采用测验法对中学生学业成就的归因方式进行了探讨．研究结果表明：中学生学业成就的内部归因高于外部归因．没有年龄差异，也没有性别差异；学业成就较好和较差的学生，都很重视能力的归因：学业成就较好的学生，重视能力和主观努力的因素；而学业成就较差的学生，更重视能力和问题难度的归因．     

中职生学习动机、学习策略自我调节和归因风格特点研究

本研究采用学习动机、学习策略自我调节和归因风格量表分别对上海和广西柳州的中职学生进行调查,研究发现:中职生学习动机水平与学习策略自我调节水平之间有极其显著的相关;中职生归因风格特点消极与积极并存;中职生的学习动机水平和学习策略自我调节水平都存在极其显著的地区差异.     

归因理论与学习动机

归因理论有助于分析学生学习动机的形成 ,预测学生的学习动机 ,培养学生良好的归因风格。根据归因理论 ,培养学生良好的学习动机和归因风格的策略主要有 :尊重差异 ,树立学习目标 ,进行合理的归因训练 ,正确看待错误 ,使学生掌握学习策略 ,创设合作学习的情境     

中小学生学习压力的测度及归因模型构建

采用问卷法对中小学生学习压力进行调查并构建归因模型进行分析,结果发现:小学生在总体上学习压力未显过大,初中生、高中生学习压力过大现象比较普遍;学生的学习压力和学习压力过大的学生比例随年级升高而显著增大;农村学校学生的学习压力高于城市学校学生;学习压力在学习时间和学习成绩上对学生存在双重消极作用;学习内容压力、考试压力和社会压力是学习压力的三大来源,家长压力和教师压力对学习压力也有显著影响,其中考试压力在学习压力的形成中扮演着重要的中介角色,而"工具性教育观"是造成学生学习压力的深层思想根源。     

Introduction to Motivation at School: Interventions That Work

This article provides an introduction and overview to this special issue of Educational Psychologist, titled Promoting Motivation at School: Interventions That Work. This issue is devoted to the topic of interventions that emphasize different aspects of motivation for enhancing students' academic and social outcomes in school. The interventions range from programs focused on individual students to large-scale school reform. The programs described in this issue emphasize both students' academic motivation and their social motivation and focus on a variety of important achievement outcomes. Authors also discuss the effectiveness of various interventions for ethnic minority children. The importance of attending to social aspects of motivation in these kinds of interventions is a major theme of this special issue. Brief overviews of each article are provided.     

Head of the Secondary School Mathematics Department: a demanding role

The head of the mathematics department is now recognised to be a key figure in mathematics education in British secondary schools. The demands on this position have been growing over the past two or three decades, leading to stress and problems for the head of mathematics. The two major problems are the perception and fulfilment of the demands of the role. It is argued that these problems are due to a lack of job specification, a lack of management training and the inadequate provision of time for meeting the demands.     

中小学教师成就动机及影响因素的研究

依据成就目标理论、自主性动机理论及自我效能理论,对中小学教师成就动机的特点与影响因素进行了探讨。研究发现,教师的成就目标取向和自主性动机随年龄的变化而有所起伏,而自我效能感则逐渐提高;男女教师的成就目标取向明确,都有较强的自主性动机和自我效能感;小学教师比中学教师有更积极的社会和个人价值目标取向,表现出更强的自主性和自我效能感;城乡教师的自我效能感较强,但农村教师的社会价值取向高于城市教师,有着更强烈的自主性动机。     

浅谈中专生物教学中的情感激励

中专学校对生物等非专业课课时安排相对较少,且学生学习基础相对较弱。因此在教学中需要更加重视激发学生学习生物的兴趣,以提高生物教学的课堂效率。师生间的感情融合、教师的激情感染、成功的豪情鼓舞、积极的语言和表情激励,都能有效地激励学生的学习兴趣,调动学习积极性,提高学习效果。     

中小学教师参与远程培训的动机研究——基于广东省的问卷调查

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,基于网络的远程培训成为中小学教师学习与专业发展的重要途径之一。然而,当前教师参与远程培训的动力状况不容乐观,这直接影响了教师远程培训的质量和效果。本研究通过对广东省中小学(含幼儿园)教师参与远程培训的动机进行问卷调查,从6个维度(求知兴趣、职业发展、外界影响、服务意识、社会关系、逃避刺激)探讨了教师参与远程培训的动机状况,并分析了造成参训教师动机不足的原因,进而对教师远程培训实践提出了若干建议,以期激发、维持和强化教师参与远程培训的动机,为培训项目改进和效果提升提供有益借鉴。     

宁波市中小学生学习成就动机调查

成就动机被认为是学习动机中最重要的动机,对于学生的学习有着重要意义。人的成就动机由追求成功和回避失败两部分组成。通过对宁波市三所学校不同年级的学生进行抽样研究发现:中小学生学习的成就动机呈现不平衡,总体上更趋于追求成功;成就动机不存在性别上的差异;不同年级学生的成就动机差异显著;社会支持这一外部因素对学生学习的成就动机有影响作用。     

韦纳动机归因理论与教学改革

韦纳动机归因理论是当今教育心理学领域研究的焦点。成功地将这一理论运用于教学改革实践，对于提高教学质量、完善学生人格具有重要作用。     

目标设置理论及其对中小学生学习动机激发的启示

目标设置理论作为一种激励理论可引入教育领域用来激发学生动机和指导学生的学习。目标设置在对学习动机激发方面有着前提指导的作用，教师与学生在对学习绩效目标的设置上各担负着不同的责任。     

职业中专生成就归因特点的研究

本研究采用自编问卷，对3个年级共681名职业中专生的成就归因特点进行研究，结果表明，在年级上成就归因特点无差异，而在性别上存在着显的差异。从职业中专生成就归因特点的总趋势来看，他们更倾向于目标、努力和能力归因。     

中学生学习策略、学习动机与学业成就的相关研究

本研究以833名中学生为被试,采用相关分析、多元回归分析以及路径分析等方法测量研究了学习策略、内部动机对学业成就的影响。结果表明:(1)内部动机、学习策略与学业成就呈显著的正相关,外部动机与学业成就呈负相关;内部动机、外部动机均与学习策略呈显著的正相关。(2)学习策略与学习动机对学业成就存在显著的回归效应,其中学习策略直接影响学业成就,学习动机一方面直接影响学业成就,另一方面又通过影响学习策略的使用而间接影响学业成就;(3)学习策略对学业成就的解释为24.1%,学习动机对学业成就的解释为16.2%,学习动机对学习策略的解释为22.2%。     

中专生英语学习动机调查及措施

外语学习动机是推动外语学习的积极内部因素。本文通过问卷调查、访谈和观察等方法,对中专生英语学习动机的目的、强度、愿望和态度进行调查,并对得出的数据进行分析,进而提出培养和提高中专生英语学习动机的教学措施。     

运用归因理论激发小学生的成就动机

归因理论对于学校教育具有重大的指导意义.它可以帮助教师寻找到教育的契机和方法.学生对学习结果的归因,直接影响其学习信心和对前途的期待.心理学研究表明,人们的归因倾向是可以改变的,教师可结合归因训练,并利用课堂教学,运用教育与引导的方法,帮助学生作出正确、积极的归因,激发学生的成就动机.     

The Technology Curriculum at the First Level of Secondary School

Curricular reform has been far less the subject of discussion among educators and educational policymakers in France than in the United States or Germany. Curricular changes have been implemented largely in the traditional manner of curricular revision or amendment, for which the experts in the Ministry of Education are the responsible agents.     

Motivation for School Achievement: Measurement and Validation

Abstract

An objective instrument for assessment of motivation for school learning is reported along with evidence of its validity. Rural ninth-grade students in Appalachian Kentucky constituted the sample for studying relation, ships among variables of school motivation, willingness to compete, and achievement in reading, mathematics, and language. Students in general mathematics and in algebra classes were asked to volunteer for an academic type of contest. Later the mean motivation score of volunteers exceeded the mean for non-volunteers significant at the .01 level of confidence. Algebra students’ mean motivation score was significantly higher than the mean for general mathematics students (P > .001). Three months after the motivation scores were obtained scores on the California Achievement Test were collected. Product-moment correlations between motivation scores and achievement scores ranged from .604 to .718.

Although other writers have reported correlations between objective measures of motivation and teachers’ marks, no previous correlations with achievement test results could be found for comparison. Correlations with GPA’s tend to be in the range .32 to .55 which is considerably below the range resulting from this study. Data collected in this project supported hypotheses that the objective measure of school motivation would predict levels of utility for competition and achievement. It is concluded that for the sample of students involved the test presented is reliable and has validity for the prediction of willingness to try and levels of achievement as measured by a standardized test.