Learning-by-hiring: How do rival firms learn from focal firm's hiring

Previous studies provide evidence of learning from the mobility of scientists for the source and the hiring firms. However, we have a limited understanding of the competitive implications of such inter-firm mobility and associated learnings. Using a difference–in–difference approach on matched patents in the semiconductor industry in 1981–2010, we find that mobile scientists' patents receive more citations from rival firms after the mobility vis-à-vis before the mobility and vis-à-vis other similar patents. We conclude that rival firms respond to mobilities across other firms by attributing more attention to mobile scientists. Furthermore, the context of the mobility can determine the extent of response from rival firms. Rival firms are more likely to build on a mobile scientist's patents after mobility when the mobility occurs between technologically distant firms, the source firm or the hiring firm has low research experience, or the mobile scientist has considerable experience.     

如何把握科学发展观在制定科学发展战略中的导向作用

从科学为什么发展,为谁发展和怎样发展的问题出发,阐述了科学发展战略的制定应尊重科学的发展规律、坚持以人为本的指导思想、统筹规划、适应国情。     

How humans obtain information from AI: Categorizing user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations

Although there is an increasingly number of research about the design and use of conversational agents, it is still difficult for conversational agents to completely replace human service. Therefore, more and more companies have adopted human-AI collaborative systems to deliver customer service. It is important to understand how people obtain information from human-AI collaborative conversations. While the existing work relies on self-reported methods to elicit qualitative feedback from users, we have concluded a categorization system for user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations after a thorough examination of a real-world customer service log, which could objectively reflect the user's information needs. We categorize user messages into five categories and 15 specific types related to three high-level intentions. Two annotators independently classified the same set of 1,478 user messages from 300 conversations and reached a moderate consistency. We summarize and report the characteristics of different message types and compare their usage in sessions with only human, AI, or both representatives. Our results show that different message types vary significantly in usage frequency, length, and text similarities with other messages in a session. Also, the frequency of using different message types in our dataset seems consistent over sessions with different types of representatives. But we also observed some significant differences in a few specific message types across the sessions with different representatives. Our results are used to suggest some areas for improvement and future work in human-AI collaborative conversational systems.     

From human resources to human rights: Impact assessments for hiring algorithms

Ethics and Information Technology - Over the years, companies have adopted hiring algorithms because they promise wider job candidate pools, lower recruitment costs and less human bias. Despite...     

浅析西方管理心理学理论不适用于中国的人员管理模式

通过对中西方管理差异进行深入的剖析和研究,包括中西方心理学发展背景等方面的差异,分析在中西方文化底蕴,社会制度和经济发展水平等因素的影响下,西方的管理心理学理论并不适用于中国的人员管理.     

APF组合分析法在哲学社会科学评价中的运用

本文阐述了我国哲学社会科学成果评价的发展过程,在分析各种评价方法特点的基础上,探讨了以APF组合评价方法运用于哲学社会科学成果评价的可能性、具体步骤、应用前景以及实现APF组合评价方法评价哲学社会科学成果的首要任务。     

图书馆大数据应用模式与实现技术探讨

当前,数字图书馆已经逐步从知识服务迈向大数据知识服务方向发展,理性推进大数据应用,强化图书馆人文关怀,推动基于大数据的图书馆知识服务平台有利于图书馆管理模式创新发展。文章通过对图书馆大数据应用现状进行分析,提出图书馆大数据的三种应用模式,并对关键的实现技术进行初步探讨。     

Peer review and national need

In this paper a quantitative look is taken at some of the latent conflicts between the Canadian government's changing expectations of university research and the peer review process by which the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the major funder of scientific research in the universities, allocates its resources. Focusing on the granting histories of individual grantees, it is shown that, statistically, an individual's funding level is a function of the period of time over which he has been funded by the Council. Studies of other systems of decision making make these findings unsurprising in that they reflect the incremental outcomes of group decisions. However, the do point to the structural problems inherent in a top-down approach to stimulating research in areas of national need within a system involving diffuse focal points for decision making. If future government funding is to be ensured, it will be important to either clarify expectations in order to take account of the traditional autonomy of research councils or, if need is to be explicitly defined as customer oriented, to explore alternative funding mechanisms.     

Legal case document similarity: You need both network and text

Estimating the similarity between two legal case documents is an important and challenging problem, having various downstream applications such as prior-case retrieval and citation recommendation. There are two broad approaches for the task — citation network-based and text-based. Prior citation network-based approaches consider citations only to prior-cases (also called precedents) (PCNet). This approach misses important signals inherent in Statutes (written laws of a jurisdiction). In this work, we propose Hier-SPCNet that augments PCNet with a heterogeneous network of Statutes. We incorporate domain knowledge for legal document similarity into Hier-SPCNet, thereby obtaining state-of-the-art results for network-based legal document similarity.Both textual and network similarity provide important signals for legal case similarity; but till now, only trivial attempts have been made to unify the two signals. In this work, we apply several methods for combining textual and network information for estimating legal case similarity. We perform extensive experiments over legal case documents from the Indian judiciary, where the gold standard similarity between document-pairs is judged by law experts from two reputed Law institutes in India. Our experiments establish that our proposed network-based methods significantly improve the correlation with domain experts’ opinion when compared to the existing methods for network-based legal document similarity. Our best-performing combination method (that combines network-based and text-based similarity) improves the correlation with domain experts’ opinion by 11.8% over the best text-based method and 20.6% over the best network-based method. We also establish that our best-performing method can be used to recommend/retrieve citable and similar cases for a source (query) case, which are well appreciated by legal experts.     

开源软件的兴起与MOODLE的教育应用创新

随着开源软件在全球的兴起,对它的重视和应用从很多国家的政府部门和企事业单位渐渐步入当地的教育领域。而开源软件Moodle以简单轻便,相容性高,技术门槛低等特点亦逐步在全球网络教育中崭露头角。在中国,Moodle平台在高校、中小学的在线运用与教育创新如雨后春笋般崛起,所有这些,对西藏教育也能起到抛砖引玉与借鉴作用。     

Technical change and social need: the case of high rise flats

The first eleven storey blocks of flats in the UK were built in the early fifties. Only twenty years later over half a million people are housed in blocks varying from eleven to 31 storeys in height. These buildings have been built under the responsibility of public authorities responsible for the provision, management and maintenance of housing. Now, however, the provision of this type of housing has almost come to a halt. The widespread use of high flats has been seen as the inevitable result of advances in building technology. The recent rapid decline in numbers built has been attributed primarily to the concern arising from the inhuman social conditions which must inevitably result from such an unnatural form of housing. This paper argues that while high flats stemmed in part from technological advances, it is not possible to attribute their use to such advances. To do so ignores factors which were at work within national and local government, the building industry and the architectural profession. It is equally insufficient to attribute their decline to social concern. It is more probable that financial pressures and a change in national policy away from new building to restoration of older houses was of greater importance than the social problems created by high flats. However, one factor which helped to unite the various parties responsible for the introduction and use of high flats in housing policy, was a widespread belief in the possibilities of modern technologies in relation to the housing problem. Different aspects of the concept appealed to the different protagonists. This paper briefly describes some of the interactions between the different parties concerned with high flats. The major conclusion is that as an innovation high flats have not conformed to the theoretical postulates expounded about them, and that they have been greatly influenced by existing economic and social structures.     

Absorptive capacity for need knowledge: Antecedents and effects for employee innovativeness

Innovation occurs when knowledge about unmet customer needs intersects with knowledge about technological solutions. Both knowledge types are often located outside the firm and need to be absorbed in order for innovation to occur. While there has been extensive research into absorptive capacity for solution knowledge, a necessary complement ? absorptive capacity for new customer needs ? has been neglected. In an individual-level study of 864 employees from a home appliance firm, we show that need absorptive capacity is theoretically and empirically distinct from solution absorptive capacity, and that both are positively associated with employee innovativeness. Interestingly, we find asymmetric extra-domain effects: prior solution knowledge is positively related to need absorptive capacity (cross-pollination effect), while prior need knowledge is negatively related to solution absorptive capacity (attenuation effect). We contrast the cognitive underpinnings of the two absorptive capacity types, contributing to emerging scholarly thinking on the domain-specificity and micro foundations of absorptive capacity.