Performance Management: Changing Behavior That Drives Organizational Effectiveness,Fifth Edition

Performance Management (fifth edition), by Aubrey C. Daniels and Jon S. Bailey, is the latest iteration of a highly successful volume outlining the application of the principles of behavior analysis to, in the words of the subtitle, “drive organizational effectiveness.” This review first considers the book's organization and topical coverage, followed by an analysis of three concepts: (1) feedback, (2) reinforcer effectiveness, and (3) extinction. Several additional topics represented in behavior‐analytic basic research are discussed as complements to the other subjects. The new edition represents the best in applied behavior analysis both in its research foundation and its application to strategies for making businesses better and more profitable. Performance Management: Changing Behavior That Drives Organizational Effectiveness, Fifth Edition (2014; 344 pages; ISBN‐13: 978–0937100257; hardcover $69.95) is published by Performance Management Publications.     

Reviews

APEL, CATS and All That Experiential Learning: Assessment and Accreditation Empowerment through Experiential Learning Politics and Problems in British Vocational Education and Training The Politics of the Training Market: from Manpower Services Commission to Training and Enterprise Councils Continuing Education: Forwards to the Past?Visions of Post-Compulsory Education The Learning University: towards a new paradigm? An Encyclopediac Review The Encyclopedia of Higher Education     

Training older workers and learners: Maximizing the performance of an aging workforce by James L. Moseley and Joan Conway Dessinger

JAMES L. MOSELEY is associate professor of instructional technology at Wayne State University College of Education. He teaches program evaluation and human performance technology courses and advises graduate students at the doctoral level. He has won numerous awards for teaching and mentoring and frequently consults with business and industry. JOAN CONWAY DESSINGER is a senior consultant and founder of the Lake Group, a consulting firm that specializes in analyzing, designing, developing, and evaluating workplace learning and performance interventions. Moseley and Dessinger have coauthored five books, and, with colleague Darlene Van Tiem, received the 2001 and 2003 ISPI Award for Excellence in Instructional Communication. In 2007, Moseley and Dessinger won ISPI's Outstanding Human Performance Communication Award for coauthoring Confirmative Evaluation. Training Older Workers and Learners: Maximizing the Performance of an Aging Workforce (ISBN 978‐0‐7879‐8117‐4) is published by Pfeiffer (price: $50.00). This publisher may be reached online at http://www.pfeiffer.com.     

Designing Business Training for Fun and Results

Susan Otto's book, Designing Business Training for Fun and Results, highlights the design and development portions of the ADDIE instructional design model. Through situations, scenarios, and learner activities, Otto is able to give readers the opportunity to gain knowledge and experience about best practices. The book is written to engage readers while providing new activities and course techniques that can be implemented immediately. Designing Business Training for Fun and Results (2012; ISBN: 978‐468149968; $18.00) is published by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.     

基于动态教学设计的课堂整体进程控制策略

在静态的教学设计中引入对课堂整体进程的有效控制是教师教学目标得以实现，教和学效果不断提高的重要保证。首先介绍了策略、教学策略、教学控制策略等概念，然后构建了动态教学设计模型，最后介绍了应答集团分析及如何在此基础上实施课堂整体进程的控制策略。     

Student Models of Instructional Design

Mental models are one way that humans represent knowledge (Markman, 1999). Instructional design (ID) is a conceptual model for developing instruction and typically includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (i.e., ADDIE model). ID, however, has been viewed differently by practicing teachers and instructional designers (Kennedy, 1994). In a graduate ID course students constructed their own ID models. This study analyzed student models for (a) what ADDIE components were included (by teacher, nonteacher), and (b) model structural characteristics (by teacher, nonteacher). Participants included 178 students in 12 deliveries of a master's level ID course (115 teachers, 63 nonteachers). Our conceptual ID model is presented, and the ID model task is described. Students most frequently represented design, followed by program evaluation, needs assessment, development, and implementation. In terms of structural characteristics, 76 models were characterized as metaphoric, 61 dynamic, and 35 sequential. Three interrelated conclusions and implications for ID learning are offered. Susan G. Magliaro [sumags@vt.edu] is Director of the School of Education and the Center for Teacher Education at Virginia Tech. Neal Shambaugh is Assistant Professor of Instructional Design & Technology in the College of Human Resources & Education at West Virginia University. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Theoretical Frameworks of Performance‐Based Models

The purpose of this article is to highlight theories that support the functions of performance‐based design models and to discuss the implications of integrating divergent models into the system‐oriented human performance technology (HPT) and performance improvement (PI) disciplines. HPT, PI, and instructional systems design (ISD) share a systems framework, along with the influence of common theories such as performance theory, learning theory, adult learning, cognitive psychology, and behavioral psychology (Foshay, Villachica, & Stepich, 2014). This article focuses on the role of theory as a tool in the practitioner's toolbox and as a connection point when working with teams and organizations that have different theoretical orientations. Performance‐based ISD models are discussed, including Robinson and Robinson's (1989) Training for Impact, Brethower and Smalley's (1998) Performance‐Based Instruction, and Bradford and Boler's (2015) Horizon Model. Allen and Sites's (2012) successive approximation model (SAM) retains elements of ADDIE as a process, but the model is iterative rather than systematic in design.     

ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTANTS' QUESTIONS AND ALTERNATIVES TO QUESTIONS DURING THE PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION INTERVIEW

This study sought to determine the relation between Instructional Consultants' communication skills and competence using videotapes of simulated Problem Identification interviews. A quantitative analysis identified the frequencies of questions and alternatives to questions used, and the qualitative analysis examined the content of the verbalizations in the context of the session. Few quantitative differences were observed across consultants' competency levels, with the exception that Competent consultants posed the most clarifying statements and fewest expert opinions. However, the qualitative analysis indicated that the quality of the verbalizations best accounted for the consultants' communication skill levels. These results suggest that it is the familiarity with the Instructional Consultation model that enabled the consultant to guide the session and use effective communication. Training recommendations include building an understanding of the underlying assumptions of the consultation model and rehearsing communication skills within that context.     

A framework to design open educational resources-integrated online courses for undergraduate learning: A design-based research approach

Open Educational Resources (OER) integrated online courses provide a rich and a flexible learning environment to acquire knowledge and skills among undergraduates. A significant issue with OER-integrated online courses is the poorly addressed instructional design features. Instructionally rich online courses will have a greater impact on both teaching and learning. This study is aimed at exploring different support systems in relation to the undergraduate learning process through the design of OER-integrated online courses. It explored design features under four main Instructional Design (ID) aspects, being: Information Design, Instruction Design, Interface Design and Interaction Design. The study adopted a Design-Based Research approach through analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention in multiple phases, using mixed methodologies. This resulted in a design framework with reusable design principles for OER-integrated online learning. The outcomes of this study will contribute to enhance OER-integrated course design and to develop undergraduate education.

     

Avoiding legal liability for adult educators,human resource developers,and instructional designers by John Sample

John Sample, SPHR, has his PhD from Florida State University, where he was an associate professor in human resources development. He has 35 years of experience as a consultant, educator, and administrator in human resources management, training, and development. He has served as an expert witness. Avoiding Legal Liability for Adult Educators, Human Resource Developers, and Instructional Designers (ISBN 13: 978–1–57524–273–6 and 10: 1–57524– 273–7) is published by Krieger Publishing Co. This publisher may be reached online at http://www.kreiger‐publishing.com.     

Performance by design: The systematic selection,design, and development of performance technologies that produce useful results

Ryan Watkins is associate professor of educational technology at George Washington University in Washington, DC. He designs and teaches courses on instructional design, systems analysis and design, research methods, and technology management for online and classroom delivery. He has written several books and more than 60 articles and book chapters on strategic planning, return‐on‐investment analysis, and evaluation. Performance by Design (ISBN: 0–87425–949–5) is published by HRD Press and ISPI (price: $19.95). The publisher may be reached online at http://www.hrdpress.com or by phone at 800‐822–2891.     

The Instructional Design Knowledge Base: Theory,Research, and Practice

The authors have developed a comprehensive history of instructional design and performance improvement. They methodically describe the theories that became the foundation of instructional design and then explain how instructional design led to other theories, including performance improvement. They also identify future research opportunities. The Instructional Design Knowledge Base: Theory, Research, and Practice (2011; 219 pages; ISBN13: 978‐0‐415‐80200‐0, hardcover, $163.00; ISBN13: 978‐0‐415‐80201‐7, paperback, $47.95; ISBN13: 978‐0‐203‐84098‐6, e‐book, $35.99 Kindle edition) is published by Taylor & Francis.     

大学生媒介素养教育之教学策略设计

教学策略的制定是任何学科教学设计的重要环节,对于新的教学内容——媒介素养教育来讲,也不例外。本研究通过实证调查,分析了大学生的媒介素养现状,媒介素养教育的特殊性。从教学设计的角度分析了国外的媒介素养教学策略,结合我国的实际情况提出了对大学生进行媒介素养教育的教学策略。     

Direct Instruction: a model of instructional design

Abstract Instructional design is chiefly concerned with the arrangement of the environment to optimise learning according to various criteria. While there are a number of instructional design theories and models, the Direct Instruction Model (Engelmann & Carnine, 1982) is the focus of this paper. The importance of instructional design is stressed and the Direct Instruction Model is analysed in terms of four components of a theory of instruction. A discussion of two of these components, structure and sequence, and an analysis of relevant research form the bulk of the paper. One goal of instructional training (be it for teachers or industry trainers) is the creative application of empirically verified instructional design principles so that the effectiveness of instruction, across a wide range of cognitive outcomes may be optimised.     

Learning after the end of knowledge: Instructional technology in the age of interpretive meaning

Raymond G. Taylor is an instructional designer and consultant based in Montreal, Canada. He is developing a self‐directed learning technology based on the ideas in his book and is interested in hearing from practitioners interested in participating in preliminary testing. He may be reached at ray.taylor@acorda.ca. Learning After the End of Knowledge: Instructional Technology in the Age of Interpretive Meaning (ISBN: 978–3639024876) is published by VDM Verlag. It is available from Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, and other online booksellers.     

Development and formative evaluation of multimedia case studies for Instructional Design and Technology students

This study describes the development of three case studies that included a combination of multimedia production and instructional design skills within a particular setting. These case studies incorporated real-life incidents from 47 professional instructional designers. These instructional designers described a total of 146 activities involving instructional design and/or multimedia production activities. Employing an emergent theme analysis approach, nine distinct themes developed from these activities and were included in the case studies. These themes included: Collaboration; Diffusion of Innovations; Formative Evaluation; Instructional Design; Interactive Instruction; Learner Analysis; Online Instruction; Technical Infrastructure; and Video Solutions. Fifty-seven Instructional Design and Technology graduate students evaluated the effectiveness of these case studies and considered the case studies as being valuable in furthering their understanding of related multimedia production and instructional design activities. The intent of these case studies was to enable Instructional Design and Technology students to comprehend the relationship between multimedia production and instructional design activities.     

Custom-designed and safe-space coaching: Australian beginning principals supported by experienced peers form pipeline of confident future leaders

Transition from teacher to principal involves both a technocratic response based on ‘yearning for certainty’ that requisite leadership skills will be learned, and a critically-reflexive approach to adopting a new professional identity (Crow and Møller 2017. “Professional Identities of School Leaders across International Contexts: An Introduction and Rationale.” Educational Management and Leadership 45 (5): 749–758, 750). Globally, the maintenance of pipelines of confident and capable principals is a priority, but principal preparation programmes have often been described as decontextualised and inadequate (Cheung and Walker 2006. “Inner Worlds and Outer Limits: The Formation of Beginning School Principals in Hong Kong.” Journal of Educational Administration 44 (4): 389–407). Consequently, without opportunity to develop leadership strategies and reflect critically with a trusted mentor, newly-appointed principals often leave the role prematurely (Marks 2013. “Leadership Succession and Retention: It's Time to Get Serious about a Principal Retention Policy.” Leading and Managing 19 (2): 1–14). This Australian study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Queensland Department of Education and Training coaching programme for beginning principals, designed to secure future quality leaders. A custom-built philosophy incorporated support from local master principals and a high degree of autonomy. One-on-one interviews with programme participants confirmed that: enduring professional relationships resulted from a safe-space approach; knowledge and understanding of the Australian Professional Standards for Principals (AITSL 2014. Australian Professional Standard for Principals and the Leadership Profiles. Canberra: Australian Government) increased; and feelings of empowerment and control of leadership situations accelerated. For the benefit of leadership pipelines worldwide, new principals in other contexts may be energised to continue with the complex role of being effective school leaders through similar, autonomous and peer-supported programmes.     

Effects of ethnoscience instruction,school location,and parental educational status on learners’ attitude towards science

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of Ethnoscience instruction and moderating effects of school location and parental educational status on students' attitude to science. It employed pretest-posttest, non-equivalent control group quasiexperimental design. Participants were 352 Junior Secondary School 1 (aged 9–12 years) students from two schools, each in urban and rural areas of Ìbàdàn, southwestern Nigeria. Instruments used are: Teachers Instructional Guide on Ethnoscience instruction, Teachers Instructional Guide on Modified Lecture Method and Attitude Toward Science Scale (r?=?0.86). Three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. Significant main effect of treatment on attitude to science (F(1, 347)?=?296, p?<?0.05) was recorded, with Ethnoscience instruction group performing better than the Modified Lecture Method group. Effect size of treatment was strong (η² _p?=?0.46). Also recorded were significant main effects of school location (F(1, 347)?=?10.2, p?<?.05) and parental educational status (F(1, 347?=?3.37), p <?0.05) on students' attitude to science with weak effect sizes (η² _p?=?0.029 and η² _p?=?0.019 respectively). Learners in rural schools performed better than those in urban schools and those from lowly educated parents had better performance than highly educated parents. Ethnoscience instruction promoted learners' attitude to science. Therefore, its use in educational instruction, especially among traditional science learners, should be explored.     

Ten steps to 4C/ID: training differentiation skills in a professional development program for teachers

Instructional Science - This paper describes how an interdisciplinary design team used the Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID) model and its accompanying Ten Steps design approach to...