体育游戏对矫正城市幼儿不良心理行为的研究

为使城市幼儿的不良心理行为得到广泛的矫正乃至预防，迫切需要探索一种能适合幼儿年龄特点、能在自然状态进行、幼儿乐于接受的方法，使幼儿在不知不觉中得到矫正，不良心理行为逐步消退。研究采用体育游戏的方法矫正幼儿的不良心理行为，结果表明：体育游戏有利于培养幼儿的良好心理状征，消除不良的心理行为，促进身心健康。     

立德树人背景下大学生体育失范行为的心理分析和现实规避

对大学生体育失范行为的心理进行考察,旨在使学生养成良好体育行为习惯。对普通高等院校本科生和体育教师开放性问卷调查资料进行质性分析,在体育行为认知决策理论基础上,构建了体育失范行为的心理对抗与行为选择机制模型。主要结论：(1)体育行为动机、体育规范行为态度和遵守规范自我效能决定个体的体育失范行为意向,体育失范行为意向产生体育失范行为;(2)在决定体育失范行为意向的心理过程存在内部动机和外部动机的对抗,内部动机有利于产生遵守规范意向,外部动机容易引发违反规范意向;(3)在决定体育失范行为意向的心理过程中,存在认为遵守体育规范有利和不利、违反体育规范有利和不利2种体育规范行为态度的对抗,遵守不利和失范有利的态度容易产生违反规范意向,遵守有利和失范不利的态度有利于产生遵守规范意向。     

学生体育学习的行为心理特征

体育学习又称运动技术学习、运动学习(在国外特殊研究领域)、技术学习或体育教学,基本上属于知识和技能动作学习的类型。体育学习时的行为心理特征主要由心理状态特点表现出来。心理状态是指在特定时间内心理活动的综合表现,它不但有内在的心理体验,而且伴随着各种不同的行为表     

教师在学生体育技术考评中的心理行为及其调控

教师在学生体育技术考评中的心理行为及其调控●张卫民张鹏黄方伟刘学生的体育技术考评，是学校体育教学工作的重要环节之一。在学生的体育技术考评中，教师的心理行为对学生体育课的考核成绩及学生上体育课的积极性影响极大。由于教师在评价学生体育技术时，其心理活动变...     

行为经济学视角下对体育消费行为的探讨

体育消费是促进经济增长的新兴领域,读懂消费心理和明晰群体行为首当其冲。以行为经济学范式对体育消费现象解读,即心理预期和情境因素对个体进行体育消费存在影响,参考点依赖的不一致、选择幸福的基础效用差异在不同的心理账户、禀赋效用的条件下,存在明显决策差异。借助该理论,将体育消费群体的心理行为特征结合到个体经济决策过程中,有助于把握实际现象的一般规律,益于改进营销策略,鼓励消费者进行长期远景的消费行为。     

体育素质教育目标体系与培养方法

1　体育素质教育目标体系普通高校体育素质教育目标体系和体育能力培养目标体系如图 1所示。体育道德品质体育素质教育目标体系体育能力培养目标体系终身体育能力体育创新能力体育心理德育渗透体质发展体育文化运用与组织锻炼能力参与社会体育能力终身体育意识体育参与意识体育经营意识体育意识体育技能娱乐体育技能体育组织技能身体锻炼技能基本运动技能运用与评价能力体育基础知识体育保健知识身体锻炼知识竞技运动知识体育消费知识体育知识心理竞争能力基本心理因素心理健康自我控制和自我心理调节团结协作和开拓进取精神竞争和创新的意识意志品质和沉着果敢精神自尊心和自信心心理适应能力心理适应性行为反应情绪状况智力发展状态体育基本活动能力体育思想道德行为调控能力体育道德行为体育思想方法的应用体育思想情感的表现体育思想认识体育信念与理想体育政治观点身体抵抗疾病能力身体适应自然能力身体素质身体机能身体形态图 1　体育素质教育目标体系与体育能力培养目标体系上述目标应该以渗透德育为核心 ,以发展学生创新意识为重点 ,以培养学生终身体育能力为目的。各目标之间相互联系、相互促进、协调发展 ,统一于学校体育的实践之中。只有以学校体育实践为主线 ,把各项目标有机地...     

试论在学校体育活动中学生体育个性的培养

一、什么是体育个性体育个性是指学生在体育活动中经常表现出来的、比较稳定的、带有一定倾向性的个性心理特征的总和，是一个人所以有别于他人的具有自己个人独特的体育行为、思想等精神面貌的总的体现。二、体育个性的特点l．整体性整体性是指体育个性心理中体育行为、思想、智力、情感、意志和性格等要素的相互渗透、相互制约和相互作用，它们之间构成了一个有机整体。在学校体育活动中，只有充分调动和发挥各种心理要素的整体作用，才可能促进体育行为、思想的和谐发展。在学校体育活动中，如果不顾及学生的体育情感和兴趣，要发展其体…     

我国体育消费者的需要、动机和行为的研究

运用文献资料、逻辑推理等研究方法 ,对体育消费者的需要、动机和行为进行了深入分析。提出体育消费者行为的一般规律是 :体育需要—心理紧张—产生动机—选择目标—目标行为—需要满足—新的需要。研究旨在为有关部门正确引导体育消费 ,调整产业结构 ,提供了理论依据。     

大学生心理资本、体育锻炼行为与人格发展关系研究

以972名大学生为被试,考察大学生心理资本、体育锻炼行为与人格发展之间的关系,并检验心理资本在体育锻炼行为与人格发展之间的中介作用.研究表明:大学生心理资本、体育锻炼和人格健康之间的作用机制模型成立,大学生心理资本对体育锻炼与人格发展起重要作用,其中心理资本是通过体育锻炼进而影响大学生的人格,体育锻炼在大学生心理资本和人格发展中起中介作用.由于心理资本通过影响体育活动态度这一中介变量进而影响人格健康发展,心理资本和体育锻炼行为在大学生人格发展中的作用均不容忽视,大学生良好的体育活动行为及态度是其人格健康的一个重要保障因素.     

大学生体育意识、信念及体育行动的调查分析

采用问卷调查法对大学生体育意识、信念行为进行调查。结果表明 ,体育意识及对运动心理、社会效果的信念是影响大学生参与度的重要因素。同时 ,体育意识存在明显的别差 :女大学生的体育意识相对较差 ,心理、社会效果的信念较低 ,导致运动参与水平低下     

Enrollment in Physical Education Is Associated With Overall Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls

Little is known about population-level contributions of school physical education to overall physical activity (PA) in youth. Because PA levels are lower in girls than boys, it is particularly important that the effects of PE programs in adolescent girls be understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the association of enrollment in physical education and overall physical activity participation in adolescent girls. A measurement protocol was administered to cross-sectional samples of 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade girls participating in a school-based PA intervention study (1998–2003). PA was assessed with the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall. Three-way analyses of variance were performed to compare groups formed on the basis of physical education enrollment. For each grade group of girls, those who were enrolled in physical education reported more moderate-to-vigorous PA and more vigorous PA than nonenrolled girls. When activity in physical education classes was deleted, 8th-and 9th-grade physical education enrollees were not more active than nonenrollees; however, 12th-grade physical education enrollees remained more active than nonenrollees. Girls who were enrolled in physical education were more physically active than nonenrolled girls in all three grade levels. These findings suggest that expanded enrollment in physical education may increase American adolescent girls' PA level.     

Validation of the SenseWear Armband in different ambient temperatures

This study examines the validity of the SenseWear Armband in different temperatures using the old (SenseWear v2.2) and newest version of the algorithm (SenseWear v5.2) against indirect calorimetry (IC). Thirty-nine male and female students (21.1 ± 1.41 years) completed an exercise trial in 19°C, 26°C and 33°C consisting of 5 min standing followed by alternating walking/running at 35% and 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake. The accuracy of the algorithms was evaluated by comparing estimated energy expenditure (EE) to IC using a mixed-model design. No difference was reported in EE between the different temperatures for IC. Both algorithms estimated EE significantly higher when exercising at high intensity in 33°C compared to 19°C. Compared to IC, SenseWear v2.2 accurately estimated EE during standing and light intensity exercise but underestimated EE when exercising in a hot environment and at high intensity. SenseWear v5.2 showed a difference when exercising at high intensity in thermoneutral and warm conditions. The new algorithm improved EE estimation in hot environments and at high intensity compared to the old version. However, given the inherent inaccuracy of the EE estimates of SenseWear, greater weight should be given to direct monitor outputs rather than the ability of a monitor to estimate EE precisely.     

Fitness,physical activity and academic achievement in overweight/obese children

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of fitness and physical activity with academic achievement in children with overweight/obesity. A total of 106 (10.0 ± 1.1y, 61 boys) children participated. The fitness components were assessed by field and laboratory-based tests. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. The academic achievement was assessed by a standardised test and school-grades. Field-based cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with language skills (ß-standardised- ranging from 0.281 to 0.365, p < 0.01). The field-based muscular strength was associated with grade point average, natural and social sciences, and foreign language (ß = 0.280–0.326, all p ≤ 0.01). Speed-agility was associated with some language-related skills (ß = 0.325–0.393, all p ≤ 0.01). The laboratory-based muscular strength also showed an association with mathematics skills (ß = 0.251–0.306, all p ≤ 0.01). Physical activity did not show significant association with academic achievement (p > 0.01). Overall, the significant associations observed for muscular strength and speed/agility were attenuated and disappeared in many cases after additional adjustments for body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that these associations are inter-dependent. Our study contributes by indicating that other fitness components apart from cardiorespiratory fitness, such as muscular strength and speed-agility, are positively associated with academic achievement. However, these associations appear to be dependent on body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness.     

Investigating elementary school children’s daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours during weekdays

The purpose of the study was to quantify the contributions of physical education, exergaming (active video games that also are a type of exercise), recess, lunch break and after-school time segments to children’s daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Participants were 138 second and third graders (71 girls) who attended 20-min recess and 75-min lunch time daily, 25-min regular physical education or exergaming-based classes being alternated daily. The after-school period was defined as 3:20–10:00pm. Physical activity was assessed via accelerometry and the dependent variables were children’s time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Children’s percentages of time spent in MVPA (P < .001; except for the difference between exergaming and lunch break: P = .63), light physical activity (P < .001) and sedentary behaviour (P < .001) differed significantly across the time segments (i.e., physical education/exergaming, recess, lunch break and after-school). Additionally, children accumulated significantly more MVPA (t = 10.22, P < .001) but less light physical activity (t = ?3.17, P = .002) and sedentary behaviour (t = ?3.91, P < .001) in physical education than in exergaming. Overall, physical education was more effective in generating MVPA than other segments over the school day. The after-school segment holds potential as an avenue for promoting children’s MVPA, as this long period could be better utilised to organise structured physical activity.     

Comparison of Activity Type Classification Accuracy from Accelerometers Worn on the Hip,Wrists, and Thigh in Young,Apparently Healthy Adults

The purpose of this article is to compare accuracy of activity type prediction models for accelerometers worn on the hip, wrists, and thigh. Forty-four adults performed sedentary, ambulatory, lifestyle, and exercise activities (14 total, 10 categories) for 3–10 minutes each in a 90-minute semi-structured laboratory protocol. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed for four accelerometers (right hip, both wrists, and right thigh,) to predict individual activities and activity categories, with direct observation (DO) as criterion. The wrist-mounted accelerometers achieved the highest accuracy for individual activities (80.9%–81.1%) and activity categories (86.6%–86.7%); accuracy was not different between wrists. The hip-mounted accelerometer had the lowest accuracy (66.2% individual activities, 72.5% activity categories); thigh-mounted accelerometer accuracy (71.4% individual activities, 84.0% activity categories) fell between the wrist- and hip-mounted accelerometers. ANNs developed for accelerometers worn on the wrists and thigh provided high accuracy for activity type prediction and represent a potential approach to physical activity (PA) assessment.     

对大学生体育健身认知行为现状的调查

通过问卷调查、文献资料调研和数理统计等方法,对常州工学院大学生体育健身认知行为的现状进行调研分析,结果表明:大多数学生对体育健身的意义有较明确的认知,超过半数以上的大学生能把体育健身活动作为日常生活内容的组成部分,并表示将来参与终身体育健身活动,然而他们参与体育健身的行为却与其所表现出的态度存在较大反差,这一点女大学生显得尤为突出.大多数大学生每周不同程度地参加体育健身活动,但他们体育活动的时间和次数不足,锻炼效果也不佳,这可能与大学生体育意识薄弱、组织辅导跟不上以及缺乏场地与器材等因素有关.     

论体育运动的特征

体育运动是通过人自身的体姿变换和体位变动(即身体活动)实施或实现对人自身自然改造的人的活动;体育运动是活动主体与活动客体同一的自我改造,身体活动是其基本的活动方式,身体力行是其内在的基本要求。     

体力活动与健康:研究及应用

规律性体力活动对健康的益处已经被既往的研究所证实。多种慢性疾病,包括心脏病、2型糖尿病、高血压、中风、肥胖、骨质疏松以及某些癌症的发病都与缺乏规律性的体力活动有关。权威机构已明确提出了关于体力活动的参与指引。大量的研究致力于体力活动干预措施的制定。本文总结了体力活动与健康的研究证据、体力活动在人群中的评价、以及体力活动干预研究的进展,为中国下一步相关研究的开展提供借鉴。