信任危机对我国足球职业联赛的影响及对策

信任是经济活动的重要社会资本。信任危机严重影响中国职业足球联赛的发展。中国足球职业联赛信任危机主要表现在裁判员丧失威信、赞助资金大幅减少、本土足球彩票夭折、俱乐部内部相互猜疑、观众上座率低迷。建议要加大对失信者的惩罚力度、规范政府的参与行为、建立足够稳定和清晰的产权制度、完善法律制度、加强舆论监督以及成立足球职业联盟。     

大连足球沉浮之我见

通过对大连足球8次夺得中国足球职业联赛桂冠的回顾,以及1999年以来成绩大幅波动的反思,认为大连足球沉浮因素包括：职业联赛体制滞后,导致俱乐部经营不利;过度依附政府,导致俱乐部难以独立运作;俱乐部经营不善,导致人才流失;政府投入减少,导致后备人才培养艰难;国家队战绩不佳,导致足球大环境衰退。中国足球的体制、环境、领导者,主导着大连足球的波峰和波谷,也主导着中国足球的发展。     

日本足球职业联赛发展研究

采用文献资料、专家访谈等方法分析日本足球职业联赛发展历程和内外部优势条件.主要结论:日本足球职业联赛主要划分为筹备草创、缓慢提高、高速发展、平稳前行四个发展阶段;内部优势因素主要包括管理先进、组织结构合理、市场认同、法制健全、青训体系完备、科研水平高;外部条件主要包括民族文化、引进外援、媒体宣传、校园足球、足球文化.对我国足球职业联赛发展的启示:发挥自身优势、密切联系实际、完善管理体制;提升科研水平、夯实青训基础、构建足球文化;拓宽宣传渠道、挖掘潜在市场、加强法制建设等.     

试论足球职业联赛的司法介入

通过对足球职业联赛中的违法行为及其危害性进行分析,论述了司法介入足球职业联赛的必要必,司法机关在调查和处理联赛中的违法犯罪行为上的优越性。通过对我国现行的有关法律进行分析,论述了司法介入足球职业联赛的法律依据和介入程序问题。     

对我国足球职业联赛新赛制的利弊分析

中国足球协合(简称“足协”)在职业联赛走过了它的第7个年头后．推出2001年只升不降．2002年只降不升．2003年恢复正常，到2004年建立一个以超级联赛、甲级联赛、乙级联赛为主体的全新联糸体制构架。其刺界如何?它将给中国足球带来哪些影响?新赛制出台的深层动因何在?文中作了探讨。     

论我国足球职业联赛的道德建设

在我国足球职业化改革过程中,各种体育道德失范事件屡屡见诸报端,严重损害了我国职业足球运动的形象和声誉。解决这些问题,为我国足球创造一个良好的发展环境,不仅需要加强法制化建设,同时还必须加强道德建设,依靠道德的力量来规范、引导、约束我国职业足球各参与主体的行为。     

我国足球职业联赛法人治理结构存在问题及对策

运用制度经济学的有关理论,分析了我国足球职业联赛的法人治理结构。研究发现,我国足球职业联赛法人治理结构现存的主要问题为:联赛产权不清晰,法人产权关系混乱;“内部人控制”现象突出;委托人权利缺乏保障;激励约束机制“失效”。为完善我国足球职业联赛法人治理结构,建议:明晰联赛法人产权,理顺联赛产权关系,规范法人产权制度安排;建立足球职业联盟,完善法人治理结构;健全激励约束机制,防止代理人道德风险发生;推进外部制度创新,完善联赛相关市场等。     

消费者对中国足球职业联赛的信任研究

从信任理论入手,运用文献资料和问卷调查等方法,探讨了消费者信任产生的条件,剖析了中国足球职业联赛的消费者信任状况,并分析造成低信任的原因,在借鉴英超联赛构建消费者信任的经验基础上,提出中国足球联赛发展的建设性措施。     

从中国足球职业联赛谈足球观赛礼仪

足球,被称为世界第一运动,而比赛便是呈现这一运动的大舞台.球迷们通过比赛不像能欣赏高超的足球技艺,还能通过比赛感受来自不同国家和地区的文化,增进友谊.中国自古以来就是礼仪之邦,但自职业联赛以来,足球赛场上体现最多的却是观赛礼仪的丧失.中国要想让足球这个项目冲出亚洲走向世界,必须让足球后备人才培养、职业化进程以及足球观赛礼仪和足球道德等同步发展.因此本文从中国足球职业联赛中球迷的观赛礼仪着手,深入探讨相关问题,在提高球迷素质的同时提高整个国家的足球发展水平.     

对我国足球职业联赛运动员流动性的探讨

以目前我国足球超级联赛16支球队近170名国内主力球员在国内俱乐部之间流动现象为研究对象,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑推理法、比较研究法,就我国足球职业联赛开始以来转会制度发展演变进行了研究。并综合运用社会学、经济学、管理学等相关学科知识,对围绕联赛转会制度的我国足球职业联赛运动员的流动性进行了分析。研究表明：我国足球职业联赛运动员的流动依然不合理,现行的转会制度仍然是阻碍运动员合理流动的主要因素。要促进运动员的合理流动还须在转会制度,联赛法律法规建设,体育经纪人队伍建设等方面加快改革步伐。     

中英足球联赛球员转会制度之比较研究

中国自1994年开始实行足球职业联赛以来,其球员转会制度经历了自由转会、挂牌摘牌转会等变革,2005年又实行了新的转会规则,但仍未能有效遏制球员转会中的成功率低、球员利益没有保障等不合理现象。本文以英格兰成熟完善球员转会制度和已经形成的一套比较系统完善的体育法规制度为参照,从转会制度、球员主体、联赛机制等方面着手进行分析研究,以期促进我国足球转会制度更加合理、规范,使我国职业联赛能够良性运转。     

Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement on the intensity and reproducibility of small-sided games. Data were collected on 20 amateur soccer players (body mass 73.1 ± 8.6 kg, stature 1.79 ± 0.05 m, age 24.5 ± 4.1 years, [Vdot]O_2max 56.3 ± 4.8 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1). Aerobic interval training was performed during three-, four-, five- and six-a-side games on three differently sized pitches, with and without coach encouragement. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the CR10-scale, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Main effects were found for exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement (P < 0.05), but there were no interactions between any of the variables (P > 0.15). During a six-a-side game on a small pitch without coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 84 ± 5% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 3.4 ± 1.0 mmol · l^?1, and the RPE was 4.8. During a three-a-side game on a larger pitch with coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 91 ± 2% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 6.5 ± 1.5 mmol · l^?1, and the RPE was 7.2. Typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation ranged from 2.0 to 5.4% for percent maximal heart rate, from 10.4 to 43.7% for blood lactate concentration, and from 5.5 to 31.9% for RPE. The results demonstrate that exercise intensity during small-sided soccer games can be manipulated by varying the exercise type, the field dimensions, and whether there is any coach encouragement. By using different combinations of these factors, coaches can modulate exercise intensity within the high-intensity zone and control the aerobic training stimulus.     

Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement on the intensity and reproducibility of small-sided games. Data were collected on 20 amateur soccer players (body mass 73.1 +/- 8.6 kg, stature 1.79 +/- 0.05 m, age 24.5 +/- 4.1 years, VO(2max) 56.3 +/- 4.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Aerobic interval training was performed during three-, four-, five- and six-a-side games on three differently sized pitches, with and without coach encouragement. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the CR10-scale, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Main effects were found for exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement (P < 0.05), but there were no interactions between any of the variables (P > 0.15). During a six-a-side game on a small pitch without coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 84 +/- 5% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 3.4 +/- 1.0 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 4.8. During a three-a-side game on a larger pitch with coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 91 +/- 2% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 6.5 +/- 1.5 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 7.2. Typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation ranged from 2.0 to 5.4% for percent maximal heart rate, from 10.4 to 43.7% for blood lactate concentration, and from 5.5 to 31.9% for RPE. The results demonstrate that exercise intensity during small-sided soccer games can be manipulated by varying the exercise type, the field dimensions, and whether there is any coach encouragement. By using different combinations of these factors, coaches can modulate exercise intensity within the high-intensity zone and control the aerobic training stimulus.     

黑龙江省冰雪旅游市场影响因素分析与发展对策

针对中国冰雪旅游市场现状,对影响黑龙江省冰雪旅游市场发展的因素和存在的问题进行分析,在此基础上,提出黑龙江省冰雪旅游市场的发展对策.     

当前中国职业足球联赛中政府的作为与不作为

通过中国职业足球联赛主体要素、客体要素、政策法规要素以及媒体要素等对其管理体制进行分析。针对当前中国足球联赛市场现状提出了从法律法规上明确中国足球协会的法律地位和管理权限,从市场发展的角度界定政府的经济职能以及明晰产权,有利于完善我国职业足球联赛良性机制。     

Activity profiles of professional soccer,rugby league and Australian football match play

Abstract

We compared the match activity profiles of elite footballers from Australian football (AF), rugby league (RL) and soccer (SOC), using identical movement definitions. Ninety-four elite footballers from AF, RL or SOC clubs in Australia participated in this study. Movement data were collected using a 5-Hz global positioning system from matches during the 2008–2011 competitive seasons, including measures of velocity, distance, acceleration and bouts of repeat sprints (RS). Australian footballers covered the greatest relative running distances (129 ± 17 m.min^?1) compared to RL (97 ± 16 m.min^?1) and SOC (104 ± 10 m.min^?1) (effect size [ES]; 1.0–2.8). The relative distance covered (4.92 ± 2.10 m.min^?1 vs. 5.42 ± 2.49 m.min^?1; 0.74 ± 0.78 m.min^?1 vs. 0.97 ± 0.80 m.min^?1) and the number of high-velocity running (0.4 ± 0.2 no.min^?1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 no.min^?1) and sprint (0.06 ± 0.06 no.min^?1 vs. 0.08 ± 0.07 no.min^?1) efforts between RL and SOC players were similar (ES; 0.1–0.3). Rugby league players undertook the highest relative number of accelerations (1.10 ± 0.56 no.min^?1). RS bouts were uncommon for all codes. RL and SOC players perform less running than AF players, possibly due to limited open space as a consequence of field size and code specific rules. While training in football should be code specific, there may be some transference of conditioning drills across codes.     

深圳市青少年足球后备人才的现状与对策

运用问卷调查和实地考察法,对深圳市青少年足球后备人才的训练、文化教育、参与足球运动动机问题和教练员执教情况、岗位培训等问题进行分析,探讨深圳市青少年足球后备人才培养中存在的主要问题,并对深圳市青少年足球后备人才培养提出相关对策.     

我国沙滩足球比赛的现状及对策研究

通过对国内沙滩足球赛事的资料分析,从我国沙滩足球比赛地域分布和发展趋势,沙滩足球比赛举办城市的特征,沙滩足球比赛的性质、比赛场地、比赛规则的运用,参赛队伍、企业参与赞助、明星球员,和中国足协主要领导的参与、主办单位等方面,论述了沙滩足球比赛的开展状况,并根据当前存在的问题提出了在国内促进沙滩足球比赛发展的相应对策。