医学期刊编辑对生物医学研究伦理问题的处理方式调研及建议北大核心CSSCI

【目的】探讨医学期刊编辑处理生物医学研究伦理问题的方式,为推动确立医学期刊伦理审查规范提供参考。【方法】通过问卷星向国内医学期刊编辑发放调查问卷,对审稿时和论文出版后处理医学伦理相关问题的方式展开调研。【结果】共回收问卷230份。调查显示:在审稿阶段,在保护患者隐私方面,英文期刊、中英双语期刊的编辑更注重要求作者提供授权同意相关证明材料;中、英文期刊以及中英双语期刊的编辑对涉及人体试验伦理问题的处理方式都比较规范。但是,对于研究是否获得患者知情同意、动物实验研究是否经过伦理委员会审查、回顾性研究是否需要伦理审查、涉及人的研究是否在临床试验注册中心注册等问题,编辑还需要进一步重视。在论文出版后,编辑发现的医学伦理问题主要是“涉及人的研究未说明是否经过伦理委员会审查”。对论文出版后发现的没有保护患者隐私和没有在临床试验注册中心注册的问题,大部分期刊缺乏相关处理方案。【结论】编辑应加强对论文知情同意、动物实验伦理、回顾性研究伦理的审查,并审查涉及人的研究是否在临床试验注册中心注册,以推动我国医学期刊的高质量发展。     

医学期刊伦理审查和违规行为处理策略

【目的】 细化医学期刊伦理相关审查及处理流程,为完善我国医学期刊相关规范提供参考。【方法】 比对出版伦理委员会规范,结合国外相关案例,提出目前国内医学期刊伦理审查存在的问题及相应解决流程。【结果】 国内医学期刊应注意对论文的伦理审批、患者知情同意、保护患者隐私、临床试验注册信息等方面的审查,对作者文中未说明是否获得患者知情同意、未保护患者隐私、未说明是否经过伦理审查等进行相应处理。【结论】 医学期刊编辑规范和完善医学伦理相关审查规定和处理流程,可推进期刊国际化进程。     

医学论文中涉及动物实验和临床试验的伦理规范调查及案例分析

【目的】 调查涉及动物实验和临床试验论文的伦理规范,并对《第三军医大学学报》在践行中遇到的典型案例进行分析。【方法】 利用中国知网或通过期刊调查方式,分别检索并选取动物实验研究和涉及人的临床试验研究（包括前瞻性研究、回顾性研究、取自人体标本研究、人群调查研究）各20篇,以调查其伦理规范。挑选《第三军医大学学报》最近发表的有代表性的5篇论文作为典型案例,对作者的伦理表述规范程度进行审查和分析。【结果】 调查结果显示：作者对涉及人的临床试验研究伦理声明的规范程度明显强于动物实验,动物实验存在伦理委员会审批缺失,临床试验论文也存在患者知情同意、伦理委员会审批或临床试验注册的缺失。从挑选的最近发表的5篇论文来看,在初步践行伦理规范之后,作者的伦理表述规范程度明显增强。【结论】 对动物实验及临床试验伦理规范的初步践行,强化了作者的出版伦理意识,但仍需要编辑不断引导作者规范伦理声明。     

日本主流医学期刊的出版伦理规范现状及启示——基于对129种日本医学会期刊官网的调查北大核心

【目的】调查日本医学期刊在投稿、评议、存档及出版后等出版流程中的出版伦理规范现状，为我国医学期刊的出版伦理规范建设提供参考。【方法】以日本医学会129种期刊在官网上公布的征稿启事、稿件要求或范例、审稿办法、编辑流程等文件为分析材料，通过编码对出版相关的伦理规范内容进行叙述性统计。【结果】129种期刊官网上都有覆盖出版全流程的伦理规范内容，作者、编辑、审稿人皆有对应的出版伦理规范，也有处理学术不端及不当行为的统一流程。整体上出版伦理规范较为公开、透明与专业，且能在与国际通用规范接轨的同时兼顾本国医学研究实际。【结论】我国医学期刊应提升出版伦理意识，完善出版伦理规范并注重灵活性与原则性的结合。     

期刊编辑部在做好出版伦理防控中的责任——Light: Science & Applications的实践探索

【目的】 探讨科技期刊编辑部在出版伦理防控方面的责任与对策。【方法】 采用案例分析法对Light: Science & Applications在出版伦理防控方面的实践进行梳理,并对相关案例进行分析;同时,结合对理工类期刊遇到的其他相关案例的分析,探索期刊编辑部在出版伦理防控方面的对策与措施。【结果】 期刊编辑部应做好预防工作,制定详细的出版伦理相关规范来引导作者、审稿人、编委等利益相关方的行为,并通过提供必要的接口,进行必要的检查,给予必要的帮助等方式有效提醒相关方在论文写作、投稿、审稿、稿件处理等方面注意遵循伦理规范,严守学术诚信。【结论】 期刊编辑部在出版伦理防控方面应承担不可推卸的责任,应从政策上规范,技术上限制、警示。科学、客观地处理涉及出版伦理的事件,保持科学研究和学术交流的纯净。     

我国医学期刊论文的伦理学评价

【目的】促进我国医学期刊的正确导向,引导医学临床试验,切实加强对试验对象的伦理学保护。【方法】 收集2004-2013年发表在134种医学期刊310篇肿瘤随机对照临床试验论文,对其伦理学评价,比较核心与非核心期刊、中华与非中华医学系列期刊论文的伦理学差异。【结果】 发现我国医学期刊论文的伦理学水平整体较低;存在临床试验注册不足;知情同意、伦理委员会批准和不伤害方面有待改善等问题。【结论】我国医学期刊论文的伦理学评价不乐观,需要进一步完善伦理委员会的审查、监督体系,提高作者和编辑的伦理学意识等等。     

医学临床研究论文质量评价指标体系构建

【目的】构建医学临床研究论文质量评价指标体系,为医学期刊编辑部/审稿人提供详细的审稿标准以控制我国医学期刊的整体学术质量。【方法】采用文献研究、专家访谈、实证研究和小组讨论等方法,募集、筛选医学临床研究论文质量评价指标,并根据结构维度归类。【结果】初步构建出医学临床研究论文质量评价指标体系,该指标体系包含具备伦理委员会审查同意批件、试验性研究受试者须签署知情同意书、具备伦理审查申报书、利益冲突声明、研究真实、报告真实、与临床实践的相关性、被二次研究及转化研究等证据(文献)引用、临床研究注册、报告规范、研究设计方案正确、方法学质量、偏倚风险评估、统计学信息完备且统计结果解读正确、基于学科领域的科学问题创新、证据质量等级的提升、方法学创新17项具体评价指标,分为伦理、真实性、实用性、透明性、科学性、创新性6个维度。对每一项评价指标进行术语定义与解读,解释评价方法并明确评审责任人。【结论】“真实地接近真值”是临床研究论文质量评价的核心。为有效控制我国医学期刊的整体学术质量,应大力推行标准化审稿、提升医学科学编辑的专业能力、建立并运行医学科学编辑资质认证机制。     

我国生物医学期刊稿件中动物伦理和福利问题的调查与分析

【目的】 了解我国生物医学期刊关于动物伦理和福利的现状,加强我国生物医学期刊动物伦理审查,促进我国动物伦理学发展。【方法】 分析我国15种生物医学期刊近2~3年发表的涉及动物实验的所有论著中关于动物伦理和福利的处理情况。【结果】 共检索到涉及动物实验的论文531篇,其中实验通过动物伦理委员会批准的论文占比为21.66%,获得伦理审批号的论文仅占2.45%;声明研究遵循国际、国家或者机构动物保护和使用指南的论文所占比例仅为10.55%。【结论】 我国生物医学期刊的动物伦理审查现状有待改善,建议通过学习国际生物医学编辑组织关于动物伦理和福利的要求以及国内外实验动物伦理和福利的法律法规,提高我国研究人员以及编审人员的动物伦理意识,提升我国生物医学期刊动物伦理和福利的水平。     

医学期刊编辑对诊断筛查试验类稿件审查的要点探讨和建议北大核心CSSCI

【目的】探讨医学期刊编辑对诊断筛查试验类稿件的审查要点,以提高编辑对诊断筛查研究的认识。【方法】通过文献审读和学习,梳理编辑工作经验,总结诊断筛查试验类稿件的审查要点。【结果】在诊断筛查试验类稿件的审查中,对于研究设计、评价指标和结果报告3个方面,编辑应审查作者是否合理选定“金标准”、正确选择研究对象和估算样本量、进行同步盲法比较、正确使用预测值并注意区分准确度和符合率、保持评价指标名称前后一致、准确制定诊断临界值、报告指标值所用原始数据和区间估计值,以及正确比较指标值的差异。【结论】医学期刊编辑应加强诊断筛查试验类稿件的审查,以进一步提高审稿能力和诊断筛查试验类论文的出版质量。     

编辑因素对我国中文医学期刊学术质量影响的实证研究

【目的】验证与期刊编辑/编辑部相关的、中文医学期刊论文学术质量的影响因素,有针对性地提出控制我国中文医学期刊学术质量的策略。【方法】以田野调查、文献研究和专家访谈法募集中文医学期刊论文质量影响因子,分别设计针对作者/作者机构和医学期刊编辑/编辑部的问卷;以已有的论文质量评价指标对我国医学期刊近年发表的临床研究论文的学术质量进行抽样评价;通过问卷调查获取抽样论文的作者/作者机构与医学期刊编辑/编辑部的数据;采用假设检验法验证论文质量的影响因素。【结果】最终纳入质量抽样评价的我国中文医学期刊近年发表的临床研究论文有229篇,同时获得229篇论文的作者及所涉138种中文医学期刊编辑的问卷数据。数据统计学分析显示：在与作者/作者机构相关的23项可能因素中,仅伦理审查1项与论文综合质量相关(χ²=11.075,P=0.001);在与编辑/编辑部相关的18项可能因素中,编辑是否具有医学专业背景(χ²=21.533,P<0.001)、统计学掌握水平(t=2.221,P=0.028)、在版面形式上的耗费时间(t=-3.064,P=0.002)以及期刊是...     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.