The research function of universities in Japan

Japan has long led the trend towards privatization of Research andDevelopment (R&D). With the recent establishment of corporate R&Dfacilities overseas, this has become more international in character. Therelative impoverishment of Japanese academic science has only recently begunto be addressed by the government. Despite the neglect, there appears to bea gradual increase in Japanese academic research, but international researchcollaborations are still quite limited in number. There are growing tieswith industry, but industry has been slow to recognize the value of graduateschool training. Stronger links may promote greater research activity, butwithout reforms to the structure of the education system and Ministry ofEducation policies, Japan will not be prepared to meet the challenge of the21st century, and the need for a highly-skilled, innovative workforce.     

The research orientation of British universities

British universities differ considerably in the strength of their research orientation. Those of higher prestige tend to have a stronger orientation towards research, while those of lower prestige have a weaker research orientation, A university that is strongly research oriented in one group of subjects is likely to be so in the others it teaches too. It is the conventional wisdom that a good researcher is likely to be a good teacher at undergraduate level, and the negative relationship between the degree of research orientation and undergraduate wastage rates provides some slight support for this. The relationship between research and teaching seems to be more an indirect one (that anyone with the ability to do good research is likely to have the ability to teach well at university level) than a direct one (research makes a university teacher a better teacher).     

两次学术革命与研究型大学的发展

科学研究被引入大学的第一次学术革命 ,造就了研究型大学。此后科学研究这一大学(主要是研究型大学 )的社会职能逐步走向职业化和专业化 ,从“小科学”步入“大科学” ,研究型大学也由此在今天成为新知识与新经济的策源地 ,以致人们提出大学正经历着把经济发展也引为学术使命的第二次学术革命。     

全面从严治党背景下高校廉政档案建立与管理研究——以广西高校为视角

开展廉政档案建设,是新形势下高校党委、纪委贯彻落实全面从严治党工作的重要抓手,是创新纪检监察监督方式的重要体现。本文立足高校纪检工作实际,着眼于廉政档案的建立与管理,重点探讨廉政档案收集、整理、保管、鉴定等内容。     

高校科研管理评价机制的研究

高校科研工作的开展需要有良好的保障机制。当前,高校科研管理评价机制存在与科研工作的实际需求不相适应、理念落后、缺乏灵活性等现象。高校要合理有效地整合科研管理资源,不断创新和完善科研管理评价机制,以推进科研成果的转化,有效提高科研管理的水平。     

The research assessment exercise in English universities, 2001

At intervals of 3–4 years, researchquality in English universities has beenexternally reviewed 5 times over the past 16years. Assessment is based on peer-review ofmaterial submitted by universities to 70separate subject panels. The principalcomponent is information on research output,usually publications, from all academic staffidentified as ``research active'. Researchquality is rated on a numerical (1–5*),criteria-based scale. Ratings in all subjectareas and across all universities haveincreased to give an average rating in 2001corresponding to a level of ``attainablenational excellence'. Between universitiesthere are significant variations. In theprestigious Loxbridge group, where almost allacademic staff are research-active, 90% ofsubject areas achieved ratings at level 5 in2001; in contrast, in the New universities,where only 40% of academic staff isresearch-active, level 5 was achieved in 7% ofsubject areas. A combination of high researchquality and high cost research (medicine,science, engineering) concentrated in the Olduniversities is similarly evident in thedistribution of research funding. Income fromboth research subsidy and research grants andcontracts is divided: Old universities, 94%(Loxbridge, 35%), New universities, 6%. High institutional costs of the assessmentprocess, particularly for areas of low-costresearch, and increasing concern about theinadequacies of the rating system and failureof its direct link to funding suggest thatsubstantial revision will be needed for futureassessment exercises.     

对高校乒乓球选项课理论教学的探讨

运用分散与集中相结合的教学方法将乒乓球理论课的教学贯穿于实践教学中,以理论指导实践,在促进学生深入理解乒乓球运动规律与原理的同时.培养学生的自我评价意识,加快学习进程,从而提高教学效果.     

关于高校职业指导战略的研究

有效的职业指导,能够使大学生接受到最适合自己特点的职业教育,确切地了解所选职业特点,素质要求,帮助他们找到适合自己的职业,为他们事业上的成功和人生价值的实现提供良好的开端。要实现这一目标,转型期的高校毕业生职业指导应重视四方面的战略;实现职业指导理令的更新、加强职业指导理论的研究、培养学生就业心理素质、强化现代信息技术在职业指导中的应用。     

新时期高校教育管理中存在的问题研究

随着高校招生计划的扩大,越来越多的学生步入大学的殿堂,招生规模的扩大给高校教育管理带来了新的挑战,为了应对新时期高等教育的改革发展必须要加强高校教育管理的创新,本文在分析当前高校教育管理中存在问题的基础上,提出了一些自己的合理建议,希望为促进高校教育管理的发展提供一些参考。     

英国与挪威PGCE课程标准比较研究

英国和挪威均以提高教师的素质能力以及师资队伍力量,为本国教育改革的重要内容.本文主要从英国与挪威两国的PGCE课程现状入手,介绍了英国与挪威PGCE课程的概况,并对两国PGCE课程的标准做了比较分析、研究.     

研究型大学在国家自主技术创新中的作用

The world is increasingly merged into a global market economy, and the government’s intervention power in economy has rapidly given way to that of science and technology. For the world’s major economic powers, indigenous technological innovation has become a national strategy for enhancing competitiveness. Investment in scientific and technological innovation has become the most important form of strategic investment and strategic technological industry has become a forward-looking deployment and key priority in innovative national building. Research universities may have critical strength in and important social contribution to indigenous technological innovation. An innovative government may achieve this by making use of the research university’s mechanism and characteristics of technology transfer, clarifying the university—industry relationship and providing relevant policy incentives. The article concludes with an analysis of the advantages, problems and making strategies of Chinese research universities in indigenous technological innovation. __________ Translated from Qinghua Daxue Jiaoyu Yanjiu 清华大学教育研究 (Tsinghua Journal of Education), 2008, 28(2): 7–15     

高校公共计算机课程教学改革与探索

通过对高校公共计算机课程教学现状以及存在问题的分析,结合教学中自身的实际情况,对课程改革进行了探索和实践.结果表明,课程改革方案具有一定的可行性,并在课程教学中取得了明显的效果.     

行业院校战略行为与外部政策的耦合问题研究

行业院校战略行为与外部政策之间的耦合关系主要经历了紧密耦合-依附性发展、选择性耦合-适应性发展、松散耦合-多元化发展三个阶段。从新制度主义视角出发,这种耦合关系的演变即是制度规制与创新、制度合法与技术效率、制度外化与内生等组织与制度之间逻辑关系不断衍化的过程。针对政府的过度规制制约行业院校的创新意志、合法性与合理性之间的博弈造成战略决策的摇摆、由外而内的制度化过程弱化行业院校之间的协同、强制与模仿机制下的特色"同形"等问题,文章提出在松散耦合机制下实现行业院校战略行为与外部政策的和谐共生。     

高校法律教学模式研究

打造高效的课堂教学效果,提升教学质量,培养适应性强的人才,一直都是众多教育工作者追求的目标,法律教学也不例外。视频案例教学模式和诊断式教学模式是当前法律课堂中常用的两种教学模式,各有其特色,在培养学生的实践能力方面具有较大的帮助,本文对两种教学模式进行了阐述,并提出新的理论与实践相结合的教学模式,以供参考。     

高校人力资源开发与管理新机制探索

要解决当前高校人力资源开发与管理工作中存在的各种问题 ,必须从增量提高、存量优化、管理使用三方面建立高校人力资源开发与管理的新机制 ,并从转变观念、搞好规划、优化环境几方面来研究新机制实现的对策     

对高校《法律基础》开设中存在问题的思考

“十五”期间是中央确定的“四五”普法时间，学好《法律基础》对大学生具有一定的现实意义，但《法律基础》在高校的开设有诸多不足，只有从教材，师资、课时，教法等方面予以加强，才能符合普法的要求。