养鳖池水体中优势菌的初步研究

将各种养鳖池中的水体进行细菌分离获得的优势菌株经细菌学鉴定为四种菌种:亲水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophis),温和气单胞菌(A.sobria),豚鼠气单胞菌(A.caviae),弗劳地氏枸掾酸杆菌(Citrobacter frieundii)。四种优势菌混合液对常用消毒剂的敏感性试验表明强氯精的杀菌效果最佳,生石灰其次,漂白粉最差。毒力测试发现四种细菌都有较强的毒力,24小时内,腹腔注射的各组供试小鼠全部死亡。     

泉州湾滩涂虾养殖池气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

泉州湾滩涂近年来经常发生虾的大规模爆发性疾病,而气单胞菌属是水产养殖动物的主要细菌性病原菌.利用气单胞菌的选择性培养基RYAN从多发病的旧虾池分离到1株细菌,该细菌经形态、染色、生长特性的观察及一些生化特性的鉴定,初步确定其属于气单胞菌属.经人工注射海鳗感染试验,证实其毒力远高于对照嗜水性气单胞菌株,该菌可能是该区罗氏沼虾的疫情爆发的原因之一.     

季磷盐碘对气单胞菌的抑菌杀菌效果研究

以气单胞菌属标准株ATCC7966和本实验室分离的气单胞菌为试验菌株,采用营养肉汤二倍稀释法研究季磷盐碘对气单胞菌的抑菌杀菌作用.结果表明,季磷盐碘在低浓度时能抑制气单胞菌的生长增殖,高浓度杀灭细菌,其对7株气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.156 m L/L(Aeromonas sp.T4、Aeromonas sp.T6),0.312 m L/L(ATCC7966、Aeromonas sp.T1、Aeromonas sp.T2、Aeromonas sp.T5)和0.625 m L/L(Aeromonas sp.T3),其最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为1.25 m L/L(Aeromonas sp.T2、Aeromonas sp.T4、Aeromonas sp.T6),2.5 m L/L(Aeromonas sp.T3)和5 m L/L(ATCC7966、Aeromonas sp.T1、Aeromonas sp.T5).本研究结果可为季磷盐碘的合理使用提供参考.     

杀鲑气单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及其特性分析

应用杂交瘤单克隆抗体技术制备了6株分泌抗杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种的单抗细胞株,并对其特性进行分析。结果显示:6株单抗中IgM有3株,IgG1有2株,IgG2a有1株,且抗体效价为1:12800—1:51200,检测灵敏度为1.0×105—1.0×108cfu·mL-1。进一步实验证实这些单抗与其他病原菌都无交叉反应。但单抗5C7、7H6与杀日本鲑亚种有交叉反应;单抗8A2与无色亚种存在阳性反应。表明杀鲑气单胞菌亚种之间既有独特的抗原决定簇,又有共同抗原位点。制备的单抗可用于杀鲑气单胞菌的快速诊断和亚种鉴定,为该菌的进一步研究提供必要手段。     

嗜水气单胞菌的分离及其生理特性

自患红脖子病的中华鳖中分离一株细菌，经鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌．该菌株在Arg，Leu，Asp和Met4种氨基酸为碳源的合成培养基生长良好，最适生长条件为pH7．0，28℃以及液体培养基中溶解氧7．5～10g／L．在合成培养基础上，氨基酸Ser，Val，Trp，Ala和Phe有较强的促进嗜水气单胞菌生长的能力．锌离子抑制细菌的生长；低浓度的铁离子对细菌生长有一定的促进作用．镁离子则是嗜水气单胞菌生长必须的．胺基糖类抗菌素（青霉素类）对嗜水气单胞菌不抑制．     

嗜水气单胞菌的致病性和免疫性研究

嗜水气单胞菌是近年来水产细菌病害学研究的热点．从致病性角度，研究者已经对嗜水气单胞菌完成了较多的研究，这些研究主要包括：嗜水气单胞菌的外毒素，蛋白酶是其重要的致病因子，对宿主有较大的破坏作用；嗜水气单胞菌的S蛋白对嗜水气单胞菌入侵生物体内起到保护作用：嗜水气单胞菌的W型微毛是其在动物体场中的定居因子．从免疫学的角度，研究者主要对各种苗苗、外毒素、蛋白酶、S蛋白及外膜蛋白的免疫原性，各种动物对这些抗原的免疫应答差异作了较多的研究，利用这些免疫学性质，也促进了嗜水气单胞菌的致病因子及其免疫保护的研究．     

嗜水气单胞菌AH1的生物学特性研究

测定了嗜水气单胞菌AH1在TSB培养基中的生长曲线进行研究,结果表明,O-4h属于延滞期,18h时活菌落总数达到最高峰至7.3,28h后细菌后进人衰亡期;并且此过程中活菌数的对数值与OD600呈线性关系Y=17．081x-0．226。嗜水气单胞菌AHI在生理盐水、PBS和TSB液体中4℃保存的存活状况曲线表明：该菌属于一种生存能力较强的细菌,前期不易死亡,后期死亡较快。     

国内致病性嗜水气单胞菌研究现状

嗜水气单胞菌是一种入一兽一鱼共患病病原,近年来引发的动物疾病呈上升趋势。关于嗜水气单胞菌的致病性、致病机理、诊断与检测技术和疫苗制备等,国内已有一定的研究,本文将其研究现状作一综述。     

饲喂卵黄抗体对美洲鳗鲡抵御嗜水气单胞菌感染的影响

利用制备的嗜水气单胞菌特异性卵黄抗体（L316-IgY）饲喂美洲鳗鲡（Anguilla rostrata）后,经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒并取样进行组织病理学观察,分析细胞因子的表达情况,评价嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）卵黄抗体对美洲鳗鲡抵御嗜水气单胞菌感染的影响。观察发现,饲喂L316-IgY鳗鲡的肝脏细胞排列紧密,非特异性卵黄抗体组（NS-IgY）肝脏细胞间隙变大,而空白对照组（Ctr）肝脏细胞间隙增大、肝索分离;L316-IgY组和NS-IgY组肾脏细胞排列紧密,Ctr组肾脏的肾小管肿胀、细胞形态不完整,细胞出现空泡;三组鳗鲡的鳃与肠道均无明显差异;细胞因子表达情况分析显示,饲喂L316-IgY或NS-IgY均能显著提高组织中TGFβ、TNFα和IL-1β的表达量,显著下调MyD88的表达量。结果表明,饲喂L316-IgY或NS-IgY均可减轻嗜水气单胞菌对美洲鳗鲡的致病性,通过调节组织中细胞因子的表达水平增强美洲鳗鲡抵御嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力,且L316-IgY对美洲鳗鲡抵御感染能力的提升作用更显著。     

两种病原菌感染后海鳗肝脏的组织病理学研究

用鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）和嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）分别感染海鳗（Muraenesox cinereus）,48h后取样,光镜观察肝脏组织结构在感染前后的变化．结果表明：与对照组相比,海鳗感染嗜水气单胞菌后,肝细胞索排列紊乱,血窦扩张,肝细胞肿大并空泡化,部分肝细胞破裂,细胞轮廓模糊不清．感染鳗弧菌者较感染嗜水气单胞菌者病变现象更明显,肝细胞多数破裂,细胞核圊缩、破裂、溶解,只剩下肝组织结构的网状支架和细胞碎片．     

Publication trends for single-case methodology in school psychology: A systematic review

Single-case design (SCD) is a research methodology that may be utilized to establish the presence of a functional relation between an independent and dependent variable. Recent research has found the design to frequently be used within school psychology in the evaluation of intervention procedures. However, the overall prevalence of the design within the broader school psychology literature is unknown. As such, the purpose of the current review was to identify trends in the use of SCD within school psychology publications. Furthermore, the review sought to identify institutions and journals that most frequently published SCD. Finally, the review sought to evaluate trends in experimental rigor of published SCD. Twelve journals were examined, with all publications since their inception reviewed and classified by publication type. Results of the review indicated that SCD was the least frequently published article type. However, data indicate an increase in the prevalence and rigor of the design in recent years. Whereas some journals and institutions were found to have steady rates of SCD publications, others were found to have recent increases in the publication of the design. Implications of findings as they pertain to practitioner practice and adoption of evidence-based practice are described.     

植物组织培养中消毒剂的应用研究进展

近年来消毒剂在植物组织培养中已得到广泛的应用,但控制污染仍是该技术面临的主要问题.通过对化学消毒剂和生物消毒剂的消毒机制及特点的分析,提出了多种消毒剂配合使用、采用pH调节等灭菌方法及消毒过程中贯彻环保理念,进一步提高消毒剂在组织培养中的利用效果.     

Peer Relationships and Emotional Well-Being of Youngsters with Sickle Cell Disease

Comparisons with measures of peer relationships and emotional well-being were made between youngsters with sickle cell disease (SCD) and same-classroom comparison peers. Relative to the comparison subjects, females with SCD were perceived by peers as being less sociable and less well accepted; males with SCD were perceived as being less aggressive than comparison peers. For both males and females with SCD, no other differences were identified on numerous measures of emotional well-being. None of the multiple measures of illness severity were significantly related to measures of psychological adjustment. The common side effects of SCD, chronic fatigue and small physical size, may divert males with the illness from manifesting difficulties related to aggressive behavior with peers. For females with the illness, the common side effects of the illness may hinder the development of normal social relationships. Despite chronic exposure to numerous stressful life events associated with SCD, the youngsters with the illness were remarkably similar to comparison peers, showing evidence of considerable hardiness.     

The relation of social skills and school climate of diversity to children's life satisfaction: The mediating role of school connectedness

The present study examined the role of school connectedness in mediating the relations of social skills and school climate of diversity (SCD) to life satisfaction (LS) among school‐aged children. This study also investigated whether there is any gender difference in relationships. Participants included 873 elementary school students in Grades 4 through 6. The results of the structural equation modeling supported the partial mediating role of school connectedness, indicating that social skills and SCD lead to LS both directly and indirectly through enhanced school connectedness. Multigroup analysis demonstrated that the direct path from the SCD to LS was significant only for boys, while other paths are invariant across gender. Implications are addressed for school‐based interventions to promote school connectedness and LS.     

Stress levels and attitudes of normal siblings of children with disabilities

This study examines the effects on normal children of the presence in the family of siblings with disabilities, attempting to measure both their level of stress and attitudes towards disability. The stress level and attitudes towards disability of normal siblings of children with disabilities (SCD) and siblings of normal children (SNC) were compared in terms of gender, family size and educational level. The stress level was measured by Holroyd's Questionnaire on Resources and Stress; attitudes towards disability were examined by Attitudes Towards Disabled Person Scale. 60 subjects participated in this study; 30 of them were SCD and 30 of them were SNC. t-test was used for data analysis. Results revealed a significant difference between the stress level of SCD and SNC. However, no significant difference was found between two sibling groups' attitudes towards disability. Also, gender, family size and educational level showed no significant difference either on the stress level of both sibling groups nor on their attitudes towards disability.This study is based on the master thesis of the first author.     

A meta‐analysis of Tier 2 interventions implemented within School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

This meta‐analysis synthesized 26 published single‐case design (SCD) studies on Tier 2 behavior interventions implemented within the educational framework of school‐wide positive behavioral interventions and supports. We used Tau‐U indices to determine the overall magnitudes of effect of the Tier 2 behavior interventions and the potential variables that moderate improved student behavioral outcomes. The 26 studies that were analyzed included a total of 243 student participants. The studies were evaluated to determine whether and to what extent they met What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) SCD standards. Of these, 10 studies were confirmed as meeting WWC SCD standards with or without reservations. Notable findings were that outcomes for students in kindergarten and secondary grade levels were limited, and insufficient screening methods were used to identify and select students needing Tier 2 interventions. The results indicate that the literature reports Tier 2 interventions with effect sizes ranging from 0.26 to 0.98. Average effect size for social skills instruction was found to be large, whereas Check‐in/Check‐out, group contingency, and intervention packages had medium effect sizes. Moderator analyses indicated different effect sizes across intervention types, outcomes, and implementers. The results are discussed in relation to implications for practice, limitations, and future research.     

Reported school experiences of young people living with sickle cell disorder in England

A survey of 569 young people with sickle cell disorder (SCD) in England has found such pupils miss considerable periods of time from school, typically in short periods of two or three days. One in eight has school absences equating to government‐defined ‘persistent absence’. Students with SCD report that they are not helped to catch up after these school absences. Half the children reported not being allowed to use the toilet when needed and not being allowed water in class; a third reported being made to take unsuitable exercise and being called lazy when tired. Children perceived both physical environment (temperature, school furniture) and social environment (being upset by teachers or other pupils) as triggers to episodes of their illness. Policy initiatives on school absences; preventive measures to ensure maintenance of good health; and measures to prevent perceived social attitudes precipitating ill health would also support children with other chronic illnesses at school.