English Globalization Is an Invisible War

<正>The world is westernizing while it is globalizing,so in some way,English as a lingua franca is a result of globalization.In recent years,a research from Peking University have showed that majorities regard English globalization as a threat to cultural and linguistic diversities.Besides,linguists think that the     

从标准英语到世界英语的规范

英语作为世界通用语,在国际交流中起着重要的作用.随着英语在世界范围内的迅速发展,呈现出"多变体"、"多方言"的现象.在总结探求"国际标准英语"应用中遇到现实困难的基础上,提出世界英语在国际间使用的过程中,存在着世界英语规范.世界英语的规范不是任何人或组织推行的结果,而是来自不同国家地区的英语使用者以"可理解、可接受"的原则,为自然交际中形成的.通过论述世界英语规范的特点和展望世界英语规范下的英语发展趋势,提出重视对世界英语规范的调查和研究,为英语作为世界通用语提供必要的理论和现实依据.     

Learning English as an L2 in the Global Context: Changing English,Changing Motivation

As the English language has become a global lingua franca today, it is not surprising that changes in attitudes and perceptions towards learning English in the international context have taken place at the same time. In this paper, I critically examine the notion of ‘integrative motivation’ in the literature of second language (L2) learning with respect to the changing role of the English language in the global context. In particular, this paper attempts to re-conceptualise the notion of integrative motivation by considering the results of recent empirical research on L2 motivation. It is argued that the predominant motivation of learning English among most L2 learners is no longer concerned with ‘integration’ in the target native English-speaking culture, but with the construction of a ‘bi-cultural’ or ‘world citizen’ identity, as well as identification with the international community. The paper ends by suggesting new ways of understanding the concept of motivation in L2 learning in today’s global context.     

Culture,Textbooks and the Development of Intercultural Communicative Competence

<正>Byram(1993,p.13)argues that language and culture learning should be integrated with each other as language is a way of interacting with others.However,when the target language is English which is now the world’s lingua franca in the global village(Graddol,2006),the scope of target culture is becoming     

Incorporating China English into Pedagogic Models in College Spoken English Classroom in Mainland China

<正>1.World Englishes and China English Nowadays,English has served as the internationally acknowledged lingua franca while the whole world has become a global village(Mc Arthur,2004,as cited in Hu,2005).Just as Hu(2005)observed that"It is English that allows an Arab and a Japanese,a Chinese,a Russian,an Australian and a German to communicate with each other."According to Kachru(1997,as cited in Hu,2004),the proportion of non-native speakers and native speakers around the world is approximately 2-4:1.Take     

普及学前教育：加强民族地区国家通用语教育的关键

儿童的语言教育既要遵循儿童发展的规律,又要符合语言教育规律,还要考虑少数民族儿童语言学习的特点。在学前教育阶段加强国家通用语教育的策略包括:加强党的民族政策的学习,把握双语教育的正确方向;优先支持民族地区幼儿园建设,普及民族地区学前教育,在幼儿阶段强化国家通用语教育;在活动中提高儿童的国家通用语水平;注重信息技术的运用;加强学前师资队伍建设;营造良好的国家通用语学习环境。加强少数民族地区幼儿园建设,普及民族地区学前教育,抓住儿童语言发展的关键期开展国家通用语教育,使少数民族儿童较好掌握国家通用语,为少数民族儿童的终身发展奠定坚实的基础,对促进少数民族儿童的国家认同、加强民族团结,意义重大,影响深远。     

On Translation Errors and Culture Deviations in China English from Angle of Language Inclusivity

Any language must have the inclusivity of its own,otherwise it can hardly get developed. The English language has got the most powerful inclusivity, which makes itself the lingua franca of the world. However, as one of language varieties, China English develops with a lot of translation errors and culture deviations, which makes itself doubtful. As a result, a view comes into being that none errors can be permitted in China English, otherwise China English couldn’t exist. But finally, it turns out that translation errors and culture deviations in China English are acceptable due to the language inclusivity.     

Changing status,entrenched inequality: How English language becomes a Chinese form of cultural capital

Abstract

This paper explores how English language has gradually become a linguistic form of cultural capital in China’s zigzag journey to modernization. It situates English’s status in flux in historical context, with an analysis at both the international and intra-national level. It showcases the necessity to embed cultural capital within Bourdieu’s full framework, and evidences the arbitrary nature of this form of cultural capital for its intimate tie to power and politics. By revealing how English has been officially consecrated as a global lingua franca and then socially recognized for material and symbolic benefits, this paper implicitly problematizes the officially validated cultural hierarchy, argues that the value of a cultural capital is context-dependent, politically and socially constructed, inseparable from the field where it is produced. The present-day English manifests its symbolic power in classification and social stratification, entrenching the already entrenched inequality within and without the national state.     

Global English:gift or curse?

The status of the English language as the lingua franca of the global information society is beyond dispute, but what is not so clear is whether it is capable of fulfilling that role efficiently. In the following article Ross Smith responds to the supporters of Global English by examining the qualities that an ideal international auxiliary language would possess and then discussing the extent to which those qualities are to be found in modern English.     

反思本族语言范式与英语教学

随着全球一体化和英语成为世界语（EIL）或通用语（ELF）新形势的到来,学界认为对英语的态度、实证研究的重心、以及英语教学实践都应有新的变革。针对这些新主张,中国英语教育应从教师聘任制度、教师培训制度以及英语教学大纲等三方面进行改革;力求打破非本族英语教师面临的聘任歧视,提升教师对自己角色变化的认知,培养教师对多种文化的敏感度,增强教师对亚种类英语的了解,并从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、考核制度等方面对教学大纲进行完善。     

Towards a More Appropriate University English Curriculum in China in the Context of English as an International Language

The rapid and wide spread of English has given rise to its lingua franca status, which in turn, changes the nature of English and English teaching at the tertiary level. This paper, based on a survey, discusses some of the problems with the current English curriculum used in Chinese universities and proceeds to offer some suggestions for a more appropriate university English curriculum in China in the context of English as an international language.     

Developing Oral Competence in English as a Lingua Franca in Chinese Context

English has been used in diverse contexts internationally as a lingua franca.It has become a necessary tool for people from different language backgrounds to communicate with each other.Native-speaker competence is no longer viewed as a realistic goal for English learners to achieve.Therefore,in line with this view a more appropriate pedagogy is needed especially in the field of speaking.This article addresses the ways of developing oral competence from three perspectives:LFCbased pronounciation,pragmatic stragegies and intercultural competence.Then it concludes with an exploring of implications for ELF teaching in Chinese context.     

网络英语词汇及其蕴含的社会文化心理探究

随着国际互联网的迅猛发展,国际交流与合作日益增多,英语作为国际通用语在网络交流中占有绝对统治地位,网络英语词汇层出不穷。文章分析了网络英语词汇的特征和构成方式,旨在进一步挖掘其蕴含的社会文化心理,以利于社会文化工作更好地开展。     

英语全球化语境中的高中英语文化教学

《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》首次将“文化意识”列为五大教学目标之一,充分体现了文化教学在英语教学中的必要性和重要性。在英语全球化的今天,我们应充分意识到英语作为一种国际通用语种的作用和地位,在教学中合理配置不同文化教学素材,采取对比、反思、整合的文化教学方法,着力培养学生对文化差异的觉察能力、理解能力,使其最终具备完善的人格、自身文化认同感以及得体的跨文化交际能力。     

The international status of English for intercultural understanding in Taiwan's high school EFL textbooks

The purpose of this study is to evaluate linguistic and cultural issues around the status of English as a lingua franca and intercultural understanding as presented in one set of Taiwan's (English as a Foreign Language (EFL) high school textbooks. The methodology centres on the analysis of textbook content as categorized in three central themes: (1) the status of English language in international communicative settings; (2) intercultural/interpersonal understanding and diversity in English language texts; and (3) the linguistic and cultural effects of globalization on Taiwan and the world. Results found that the textbooks generally legitimate the hegemony of American English and British English as the only acceptable varieties or standard forms of the language. Furthermore, most of the texts are limited to specific aspects of societal issues and regions that represent influential cultures and their commercial commodities. The United States receives the most attention, followed by the United Kingdom and certain dominant Western European nations, where the image of ethnic and cultural homogeneity prevails in the texts. Most content focuses on reporting achievements, cultural practices, and perspectives of dominant groups in the United States, Great Britain, and Europe with little or no critical analysis of content.     

Upholding Standards of Academic Writing of Chinese Students in China English

While the emergence of the plural forms of English widely acknowledges the sociolinguistic realities in many countries and regions, it might also have an equally profound impact on English teaching and learning in those areas. The trend is for pedagogical models no longer to privilege so-called Standard English based on native varieties but to be built on the localised model. This article argues, however, that for English to continue to function as a ‘lingua franca’, certain standards should be imposed on language use by Chinese students in their academic writing, so that the variant forms will not digress too much from the standard forms and so not result in unintelligibility or misunderstanding. Focusing on selected written data produced by advanced Chinese students, a distinction can be made between interlanguage and variant forms that mark the Chineseness in China English where both features can be situated on a continuum.     

Making the Invisible Visible. On Participation and Communication in a Global, Web-based Master’s Programme

This study focuses on the discourse of an intercontinental on-line Master’s programme in adult learning, using English as the lingua franca of the programme and involving four collaborating universities in Sweden, South Africa, Canada and Australia. The programme is highly interactive, emphasising communication between students. Taking the variation in participation as the point of departure, a discourse analysis aiming at analysing the contingencies contributing to the pattern of communication in the programme was undertaken. Data consist of a variety of texts on-line web-documents, written notes, and narratives that participants wrote about their lives related to participation in the programme. The use of English as the lingua franca contributed to a mistake anxiety, which for some students was hampering their communication in the programme. Aspects of the material world such as the vast differences in the efforts and costs for participating in the programme were also highly interrelated to the shaping of socio-culturally situated identities among the students and thereby contributing to the variation in frequency in participation. The results show that the official discourse of the programme as a text, with its emphasis on equity, change and development, gets subordinated to the discourses produced and reproduced by the students in the programme as a discursive practice and social practice. The students’ accounts reveal that there are fragments of an alternative discourse emerging, based on mutual concern and friendship, which might suggest a potential for changing the communicative patterns in the programme.     

英语成为世界语背景下中国高校英语语音教学初探

随着全球一体化和英语在Kachru（1992）定义的外圈和扩展圈里被越来越多的非本族英语使用者普遍使用,英语已经逐步成为了世界语或者国际通用语（EIL／EFL）,并且在国际交际中发挥着重要作用。与此同时,随着英语与当地语言的相互作用和融合,拥有各自语言特征特别是语音特征的新兴英语（NewEnglishes）也逐步出现,并且成为影响EIL特征形成的重要因素。语言学家已开始着手研究EIL／ELF的语言特征（例如：Jenkins,2000,2002;Seidlhofer,2004）。基于这些新形势和新的研究成果,中国高校英语语音教学应突破本族语言范式（nativeness paradigm）,适当添加国际广泛认可的EIL的一些主要语音特征,提高学生对不同母语的英语使用者语音的辨识能力和接受性技能（receptive skills）,着重帮助学生克服核心语音（LFC）等容易影响交流的语音错误,改革语音考核制度,并且加大对语音教师有针对性的培训。     

A Brief Study of English as Lingua Franca in Business Communication

From the linguistic aspect,lingua franca is a kind of language which is used habitually by people whose mother tongues are different in order to facilitate communication between them.It may be natural or miscellaneous.In this thesis,examples are taken to show the characteristics of the lingua franca used in business trade with a view to summing up the general feature of this kind of language which is bound to be helpful to some extent in one way or another.     

‘What’s in a name? The power of the English language in secondary school science education’

Cultural Studies of Science Education - The global dominance of the English language has led to intense debates with the emergence of studies of English as a lingua franca. These debates can be...