历史比较法和汉语－－印欧语比较

汉语和印欧语的历史比较是历史语言学的一个新领域。汉语和印欧语尽管分属语言的不同类型、面目迥异，它们的比较却完全与历史比较语言学的基本原则和普遍方法相一致。     

浅析汉语字本位视角下的西方语素理论

从语言的生成机制来谈,字相当于印欧语的词,而不是语素。汉语是单音节语言,音节是自足的语音单位,但一个音节常常表示多重概念,因而汉语的字形具有区别性功能。印欧语是多音节语言,音节不是自足的语音单位,意义的区别通过音位的异同来区别。将西方语法研究中的“语素”理论来套用研究汉语的语音形式,即用印欧语言“音位学”替代汉语本土的语音解释学说“音韵学”是十分不科学的。     

“词类活用”说的理论探讨与思考

“词类活用”说是汉语词类划分中“以义分类”和“以位归类”双轨制的产物。在汉语语法尚未脱尽印欧语法羁绊的今天，“词类活用”说有其理论价值和实用价值：既避免了语法理论上的“词无定类”的错误，又增强了现行语法系统解说汉语历史语言现象的能力。但它毕竟是套用印欧语法的结果，不尽符合汉语语言实际。该文尝试提出依据纯粹的语法功能划分词类，尔后靠定位分析确定词品，最终取消“词类活用”说的构想。     

论现代汉字的表调度及其声调识别

与印欧语等非声调语言相比,声调是汉语最基本和最显著的特征。“表调度”是指形声字声旁的声调表示整字声调的程度。通过计算,可以得出7000通用汉字中形声字的表调度在57．03％～58．84％之间。表调度与声调识别对现代汉字研究有重要意义。     

“字本位”理论与对外汉语教学

＂字本位＂理论是在＂词本位＂理论对汉语语法理论解释力不从心的时候,汉语语法研究者所做出的突破。它指出了汉语和印欧语的重要区别,摆脱了印欧语的眼光。虽然＂字本位＂理论还不是十分成熟,但是对对外汉语教学中的词汇教学、语法教学、文化教学等方面有着重要的借鉴作用。     

浅谈对汉语语法特点的认识

一、汉语语法特点研究概述 1898年,马建忠的《马氏文通》的出版标志着中国第一部语法学著作的诞生,中国比较科学系统的语法研究自此开始.汉语语法学是在模仿印欧语语法学的基础上建立起来的,这一事实一方面使忽略汉语语法本来面貌而向模仿的语法体系或语法理论认同的倾向一直成为汉语语法学难以摆脱的阴影,另一方面又使得汉语语法学者极力自觉或不自觉地寻找同印欧语语法不同的汉语语法的特点,企图摆脱印欧语的影响.     

关于语法中语义问题的一则札记(英文)

在现代语言学中，关于语法中跟句法相关的语义学的地位有两种主要观点，一种以乔姆斯基为代表，他认为可以独立于语义对句法进行自足的研究；另一种观点以韩礼德为代表，他认为在语法中语义与句法是自然联系着的。本文支持韩礼德的观点并且认为在构建具体语言的语法时必须了解它的特定的语义系统。本文考察了汉语研究中与此相关的两方面的问题：二是汉语的基本单位、句子模式及词类问题，汉语不具备印欧语式的明确固定的句子模式和词类系统，“词”难以确定，而“字”恰恰是汉语最基本的单位．这意味着应采取与印欧语截然不同的研究路线对汉语加以研究。二是汉语双音字组的内部构造理据问题，字组成立的条件是由字的特定语义网络决定的．对以上两个方面的深入探讨将对语义和句法关系理论作出新的贡献。本文强调字的组合是否成立依赖于发自特定意义网络的指令。     

印欧语背景汉语学习者的语音偏误及矫正

运用语言学基本理论剖析印欧语背景汉语学习者常见的语音偏误及其产生的原因,并根据教学实践提出一些行之有效的矫正方法。     

“字”与Word的对应性(上)

“字本位”说不仅具有语言研究方法论的意义，而且具有语言研究本体论的意义；不仅是个汉语研究课题，而且是个普通语言学研究课题。与“字本位’，相对的，只能是“词本位”而不能是其他别的“本性”，因为其他种种本位说到底只是个语法研究的出发点而已，与“字本位”不在一个层面上。本文比较了印欧语的“Word”与汉语的“字”，认为只有这二者在各自语言中的地位才有对应性，具体来说，它们都具有4个特点：1)是语言的天然单位；2)是本民族认识世界的基本单位，3)是语言各平面的交汇点；4)在语言组织(语法)研究中起承上启下作用：文章最后特别提出“词”和“语素”不能成为汉语研究的本位。     

英语名转动词比较研究

尽管英汉语分发不同的印欧语系和汉藏语系，但作为词汇转类现象的名转动词，在二种语言中都普遍存在。本通过对芟汉名转动词的来源，语义结构、修辞特色，使用现状等方面进行对照和分析，以此寻找英充名转动词的异同点。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.