Law & Disorder: The Portrayal of Mental Illness in U.S. Crime Dramas

A quantitative content analysis examined stereotypes and counter-stereotypes concerning mental illness in crime-based fictional television programs aired on U.S. television between 2010 and 2013. Coders rated 65 randomly selected television episodes and 983 characters for stereotypes and counter-stereotypes related to mental illness. Characters labeled as having mental illness demonstrated greater likelihood of committing crimes and violence than the remaining population of characters, perpetuating stereotypes. They also stood greater chance of being victimized by crime, another stereotype. Nevertheless, counter-stereotypes related to social standing (including the presence of family and friends) also emerged in the television content. The authors discuss how stereotypes in television content might contribute to the stigmatization of mental illness.     

刍议推动科技期刊创新发展的7大科技趋势

科技创新与科技革命不断影响着社会的发展进程,已逐渐成为影响和改变世界经济格局的关键变量.科学技术在历史上多次推动了科技期刊的发展和变革,也将在未来为科技期刊腾飞带来新动力.我们认为未来科技期刊技术方向有7大发展趋势,分别是以人为中心、开放科学、人工智能、大数据、可获得性、互动性和融合发展.作为科技前沿技术发展的排头兵,...     

Technology & U.S. government information policies: Catalysts for new partnerships

Technology, moving faster than policy development, has left U.S. government information programs resting on uncertain foundations. This article, an abridgement of a report by the ARL Task Force on Government Information in Electronic Format, is the result of an effort to develop a framework for understanding—philosophically, functionally, and fiscally — the patterns that exist for government information today, and the shifts in those patterns resulting from the introduction of government information in electronic formats. Four questions are identified that should be considered by government agencies and libraries as decisions are made about how to provide the public with government informtion in electronic format. The report points to be need for a clearer picture of how government responsiblities for public availability of government information in eictronic formats might be fulfilled in partnership with the private sector without the loss of the characteristics that make this information distinctive: the absence of restrictions on use, including for basic government information, absence of a fee.     

Open data outcomes: U.S. cities between product and process innovation

U.S. cities, among the vanguards of open data globally, are investing in renewed efforts to support Open Government with the creation of open data portals that are used to provide machine-readable administratively collected data sets. Transparency of the public sector is still widely seen as the main outcome of these efforts. Such a simplistic view, however, misses the rich variety of innovations resulting from open data use. We conceptualize these innovation outcomes across two dimensions: internal/external and product/process. Interviews with 15 city managers in the U.S. who are responsible for the implementation of open data policies were conducted to compare policy intentions, perceived innovation outcomes as well as actual ones. The findings show that product-centric outcomes are predominant and relate mainly to external innovation, including applications, websites and new services. Process-centric outcomes constitute rather internal innovation, such as procedural changes and the revival of innovation culture in government. We close with a set of recommendations for open data efforts in government that include structural, procedural, as well as cultural changes for successful open data initiatives.     

The language and rhetoric of quality: Made in the U.S.A.

Corporate attention to quality products and services is expressed in the language used to communicate that attention. Language that is redundant, intense and elevated to iconic status both reflects and shapes attention. This study examines how end‐users, corporate bodies and employees communicate about quality. A series of propositions are inductively derived.     

The role of situational factors in managing U.S. federal recordkeeping

This paper reports on a study funded by the National Archives and Records Administration and conducted by the authors to collect information on Federal employees’ views and perceptions on twenty information collection topics pertaining to records creation, maintenance, use, and disposition. Multiple data collection techniques were employed. Findings suggest that in developing records management policy and guidelines, one size will not fit all agencies. A range of situational factors appear to affect the success with which records management is accomplished in the various agencies. Additional research is needed to continue to test and refine these situational factors. Future records management policies and guidelines, however, may wish to consider such situational factors to increase the overall effectiveness of records management.     

The study of research methods in LIS education: issues in Korean and U.S. universities

This study investigates the current state of research methods education in Korean library and information science (LIS) programs and compares research methods education between Korea and the United States. The definition of research methods is consistent and homogeneous across Korean schools, whereas research methods are defined loosely and differently in the United States. Research methods in both the United States and in Korea appear to be in a state of methodological uncertainty where dominant methods may be taught but not necessarily applied by graduate students. Research methods, as shared knowledge, offer fields the tools needed to investigate problems and understand the process by which they are studied. Thus, if LIS wants to increase its research capacity and improve its research quality, then it will need to require research methods of all students. While the range of topics covered in Korean research methods courses may need to be expanded, those in the United States may need greater depth of coverage.     

信息技术对美国劳动力市场的影响

信息技术的发展改变了商务经营方式,使得商务活动能采用灵活的组织形式,小企业正在参与全球竞争,跨国企业则扩展了它们的全球业务。日益增长的竞争、全球通信及组织变革通过对雇佣需求、薪金以及技术要求的影响,正在改变着劳动力市场。     

New wine in old wineskins: U.S. Government information in a networked world

Electronic information transforms relationships among the elements of traditional publishing, creating new opportunities and new challenges, especially for the long-term sustainability of information. The most prevalent popular metaphor, the information highway, is somewhat misleading. A new model—information ecology—can bring new thinking to bear on these challenges. Exploring this model suggests that current government information dissemination institutions and practices must transform themselves if access to valuable public information is to be maintained and expanded.     

Implications of technological change for scientific communication in the third world a case study 1

This study approaches media use among international students from a uses-and-gratifications perspective to explore the relationship between need for acculturation, acculturative motives, and media use among Chinese students in the United States. Eighty-four Chinese students participated in a survey at a large research university in the Midwestern United States. Results indicate that need for acculturation is, in fact, correlated with media use motives and patterns. An acculturative motive, for example, is correlated with watching US-based TV news programs and using US-based news websites and BBS. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

美国的科学技术信息系统

本文论述了美国科技信息系统的管理体制、政策法规、功能以及运行保障,并得出了几点启示.     

美国大学图书馆与远程教育

随着Internet的迅速发展,美国大学图书馆基于互联网的远程教育计划,已开始逐步实施.文献较全面地介绍了美国大学图书馆远程教育的情况,给出了一些案例.     

英美客户出版研究(三)

从辨析和阐释客户出版涉及的基本问题入手,讨论英美客户出版的运作模式,包括客户出版的编辑模式、发行模式以及业务模式,剖析英美客户出版的投资回报率问题,在此基础上全面、深入地梳理英美客户出版业的发展格局,并预测英美客户出版业的发展趋势。     

英美客户出版研究(二)

从辨析和阐释客户出版涉及的基本问题入手,讨论英美客户出版的运作模式,包括客户出版的编辑模式、发行模式及业务模式,剖析英美客户出版的投资回报率问题,在此基础上全面、深入地梳理英美客户出版业的发展格局,并预测英美客户出版业的发展趋势。     

在美国的中文古地图

美国首都华盛顿国会图书馆收藏地图之丰富是举世共知的。     

美国研究型大学图书馆发展的启示

论文从三个方面阐述了美国研究型大学图书馆的发展状况,并论述了其给我国高校图书馆发展的启示.     

英美客户出版研究(一)

从辨析和阐释客户出版涉及的基本问题入手,讨论英美客户出版的运作模式,包括客户出版的编辑模式、发行模式及业务模式,剖析英美客户出版的投资回报率问题,在此基础上全面、深入地梳理英美客户出版业的发展格局,并预测英美客户出版业的发展趋势。     

Dissemination and impact of U.S. department of education's library research and demonstration projects: A citation analysis

Between 1965 and 1980, the Library Research and Demonstration Branch within the Department of Education awarded over $25 million to 312 projects. By tracing the citations in Social Sciences Citation Index from a random sampling of 52% of these projects, this study has attempted to assess the dissemination and impact of the projects in the professional literature.Approximately half of the projects were not cited in SSCI. The citations tended to be clustered among a small number of library-related serials. A small number of funded projects accounted for a large number of the citations. The most cited projects cost only one-fifth as much as the most expensive studies, yet were cited nearly five times as often.     

美国信息素质教育进展述略

本文从以下方面介绍分析了近几年美国信息素质教育的进展情况：涌现了大量信息素质教育标准和准则、深入研究信息素质教育理论、强调信息利用的法律及社会道德问题、技术发展对信息素质教育的影响以及教学规划和教学措施的发展演变。