澳大利亚墨尔本大学"墨尔本模式"改革初探

澳大利亚墨尔本大学2008年开始实施的"墨尔本模式",是一次新的课程体制和学位制度改革。文章从墨尔本模式改革的背景出发,概要介绍了这一模式的框架、内涵、特点和优势以及面临的挑战和问题,以期对我国研究型大学的办学理念和课程建设有所借鉴。     

墨尔本大学

墨尔本大学始建于1853年,是澳洲最古老和最杰出的大学之一。墨尔本大学主校园位于维多利亚州首府墨尔本市近郊的帕克维尔,故老的钟楼、广场与新建的多栋教学大楼交相辉映。     

墨尔本大学：单挑北半球

作为Group of Eight（八校集团，由澳洲最好的8所高校组成）的顶尖成员“优秀”就是墨尔本大学的代名词。墨尔本大学以“澳大利亚首要的研究中心”自居，因为它拥有最多的研究资金、超过100个的各种研究中心，以及卓越的研究成果。     

Energy Management at the University of Melbourne

Currently, the demand for places in Australian tertiary education exceeds the supply, and in general, applicants are offered places according to their academic merit. The extent to which previous academic performance predicts future tertiary success is often taken as an indicator of the validity of the selection process. In this note, a number of factors that tend to depress correlations between pre‐teritary and tertiary achievement scores are identified and discussed. Most of these factors have been known for decades but are nevertheless not widely appreciated. The result is that efforts to evaluate selection processes are often misdirected. Predictive validity has, of course, to remain an important consideration in devising admissions rules and policies. But too narrow a focus on predictive validity tends to relegate to the background several other important aspects, especially those having to do with justice and fairness in the selection process and with the availability of places in relation to the demand for them. The purpose of this note is to show that trying to achieve high predictive validities is a futile exercise.     

墨尔本大学化学品安全管理考察与思考

通过对墨尔本大学化学品安全管理的考察,介绍和分析了该校的化学品申购和许可证、化学品风险评估、准入和培训等制度,以及安全网站和ChemWatch化学品管理系统建设、材料安全数据表MSDS的使用及环境健康安全监测系统等方面的管理措施,结合我国高校化学品管理的现状,阐述了建立可操作性的实验室管理制度、建设先进的信息化管理系统、建立材料安全数据库、实行化学品风险评估制度等的重要性,提出了提升我国高校化学品安全管理水平的若干建议。     

墨尔本大学教师发展的理论与实践

大学教师发展是由教师个人发展、专业发展和组织发展三个维度构成的。墨尔本大学重视教师发展,成立专门部门来负责教师发展事务,通过丰富且有针对性的课程体系建设来满足教师发展的需要。同时注重支持教师发展的组织建设,建立起绩效发展框架来支持大学教师发展。墨尔本大学教师发展实践有其突出的特点:注重从学校发展战略层面支持教师发展;注重教师专业发展中课程体系的构建;注重教师发展实施过程中的对话与合作。墨尔本大学的实践经验对于促进中国大学教师发展启示在于:加强教师专业发展的战略地位以及组织建设;拓宽教师专业发展的课程体系;提升教师个人发展的主体性和内在动机;在整个大学教师发展过程中,要注重协调各种关系与加强多方合作。     

墨尔本大学的学术治理结构及运行战略

良好的治理是世界一流大学的决定性因素。作为澳大利亚的一所公立研究型大学,墨尔本大学在激烈的国际竞争和国内财政紧缩的背景下实现了学术竞争力的快速提升。墨尔本大学在静态的治理体系结构中始终把学术治理放在核心地位,在动态的权力运行中坚持基于学术委员会的自治机制、各层级部门之间的协调机制以及不同权力系统之间的制约机制,并积极实施以学术研究、教与学、知识转移为要素的"三螺旋"学术提升战略。     

“墨尔本模式”在生物医学学位课程中的应用及其启迪

澳大利亚墨尔本大学自2008年起推行被称为“墨尔本模式(Melbourne Model)”的课程改革,该项改革受到全世界大学的广泛关注.本文主要介绍“墨尔本模式”在生物医学学位课程中的应用,希望能对我国正在开展的医学教学改革有所启迪.     

墨尔本理工学院雇佣技能的培养及对我们的启示

面对错综复杂的就业形势,高职院校应注重学生雇佣技能的培养。墨尔本理工学院雇佣技能培养,可为国内高职学生雇佣技能的培养提供有益的借鉴。     

The social composition of students entering the university of Melbourne in 1969 and 1970

The paper contributes to the debate on the implementation of policy reforms developing a typology for implementation based on the initial agreement on means and goals at the time of reform design. It is argued that the volume and nature of knowledge gathering and stakeholder involvement required to gain approval of a policy and avoid the possibility of implementation failure should differ depending on the initial level of agreement, providing thus a more nuanced view on the importance of these factors than previous work. The argument is illustrated through a case study of the 2004 reform of the Mexican Technical Baccalaureate. This case study shows how knowledge gathering and stakeholder involvement affected both the design and implementation of a reform process and how political, social and cultural factors shape reform processes.     

研究型大学教学原则——以墨尔本大学教学九大原则为例

创办研究型大学是当前大学改革发展的一个重要走向,关于什么是研究型大学、如何建设研究型大学的问题学术界早已进行热烈的讨论。作为一所一流的研究型大学它不仅要在科研方面突出,更应该在教学方面有优越的表现。本文将以墨尔本大学为例,探讨研究型大学应该如何教学。     

澳大利亚墨尔本大学教学同行评议制度研究

本科教育质量之于我国当前高教改革与发展具有重要意义,而同行评议在本科教学中起着举足轻重的作用。文章阐述了澳大利亚墨尔本大学教学同行评议制度的实施背景与具体流程,总结了该制度的四个可取之处,即评议员团队专业多元、评价体系全面系统、支持性资源具体实用、结果发布及时可获;反思了其制度的两点不足,即缺乏评议员培训和教学观察时长偏短。文章最后提出对我国高校建设与完善教学同行评议制度的三点启发:构建形成性评议与总结性评议相分离的教学同行评议体系、重视教师间的有效沟通与及时反思、提升评议结果的时效性与可利用性。     

Playing with maths: implications for early childhood mathematics teaching from an implementation study in Melbourne,Australia

The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia governs early childhood education in the years before school in Australia. Since this framework is not a curriculum, early childhood educators report uncertainty regarding what mathematical concepts to teach and how to teach them. This implementation study, positioned within the broader E4Kids study, explored the enactment of a suite of play-based mathematics activities by five early childhood educators in different settings over a seven-month period. The educators' approaches to incorporating the activities are discussed in light of the reported implementation frequency and the duration of activities. A regression analysis predicted significant changes in children's Fluid Intelligence/Reasoning associated with attending high-implementation programmes. Recommendations are made for further investigation of the enactment of mathematics activities in early childhood settings and for the provision of professional learning opportunities that focus on supporting children's concept development as well as their mathematical skills.