企业技术创新投入管理与政府资助博弈研究——以煤矿安全投入为例

从企业和政府互动角度出发,根据企业技术创新本身的不确定性特征及创新模式的差异,根据渐进性技术创新和突破性技术创新不同情况,分别构建了企业和政府对技术创新投资和资助的多阶段动态期权决策模型和互动博弈资助模型。同时通过煤矿企业安全投入的技术创新案例对模型进行了分析。对企业技术创新项目的价值进行了评估并对政府资助模式和决策进行了剖析。最后提出了相关的政策建议。     

企业技术创新项目政府资助强度决策研究

本文首先运用实物期权思想构建政府保障资助效率模型,分析政府保障资助效率的决定因素,讨论政府保障资助的期权价值与保障资助强度间的关系。然后建立政府和企业资助强度博弈模型,分别讨论技术创新两阶段下政府和企业的博弈行为,分析政府资助强度决策的重要考虑因素,并得出项目投资的平均利润等于边际利润是政府和企业投入的平衡点。最后从政府角度给出了关于政府资助强度的建议。     

政府科技资助是否影响了中国工业企业技术创新效率

政府科技资助与技术创新之间的关系至今没有达成共识,但各国政府仍然倾向加大政府科技资助解决工业企业技术创新的"市场失灵"问题。基于效率视角,实证分析政府科技资助是否提升了中国工业企业技术创新能力。研究发现:政府科技资助与工业企业技术创新效率之间呈现"U"型关系。当政府科技资助形成规模效应,才能提高工业企业技术创新效率;当前由于政府科技资助结构不合理,显著抑制了工业企业技术创新效率。无论是国有工业企业还是非国有工业企业,实现创新驱动发展的目标依然任重而道远;地理位置、基础设施、劳动者素质和开放度等变量对国有工业企业和非国有工业企业技术创新效率有不同的影响。基于政府科技资助的优化、硬件环境、智力支持、氛围熏陶等视角对中国工业企业提高技术创新效率提供政策建议。     

政府R&D资助企业技术创新研究述评

政府R&D资助对企业技术创新具有重要的引导和推动作用,成为国内外研究的热点问题之一.本文从政府R＆D资助企业技术创新的间接原因、直接原因、资助绩效、影响资助绩效的因素等方面,对近年来该领域的相关文献进行了归纳与梳理,并评述了当前研究的特点与不足之处,对未来研究进行了展望.     

政府科技资助对企业技术创新的非线性研究——基于中国2001-2008年省级面板数据的门槛回归分析

运用系统广义矩估计(GMM)方法和Hansen发展的门槛回归思路,采用2001-2008年中国大陆27个省份的面板数据对政府科技资助与企业技术创新的关系进行研究.结果表明现阶段我国政府科技资助对企业创新投入并不存在挤出效应,资助水平总体偏低;政府科技资助对企业创新产出的贡献度会因资助水平的强弱而呈现出显著的区间效应.     

政府R&D资助与企业技术创新——基于多维行业异质性的经验分析

对政府资助企业RD绩效的考察可能由于忽略内生性、行业异质性等而产生偏差。选择2003—2010年上海市大中型工业企业32个行业的面板数据,基于多维行业异质性视角,考察政府RD资助对企业技术创新的影响。研究表明,政府RD资助带动了企业RD投入增长,但直接资助的绩效由于未考虑内生性而被整体高估,并存在较大的行业差异,研发强度越高,企业规模越小,资助绩效越好。而研发强度高、国资比重低的行业具有更高的创新产出效率。     

政府资助专利费用对我国技术创新的影响机理研究

 结合我国政府实施专利费用政策和专利制度运行的现状,分析了政府实施专利费用资助政策对我国技术创新的影响机理,认为政府资助专利费用政策并不直接作用于我国的技术创新,而是以专利制度的运行为中介,并分别从两个方面具体探究了政府资助专利费用是如何促进或者阻碍我国技术创新的。     

政府R&D资助对企业技术创新的影响——一个基于国有与非国有企业的比较研究

利用2000—2010年高技术产业分行业面板数据,实证分析和比较了政府R&D资助绩效在国有企业和非国有企业之间的异同.研究发现,政府R&D资助对国有企业技术创新有显著的负向影响,而对非国有企业有显著的正向影响;无论是国有企业还是非国有企业,其自身的R&D经费支出对技术创新均有显著的正向影响,同时企业规模与技术创新之间呈显著的倒U型关系;企业利润对国有企业技术创新影响不显著,但对非国有企业有显著的负向影响;国有企业消化吸收能力对其技术引进绩效并无明显影响,但非国有企业的吸收能力薄弱严重制约了其技术引进绩效的提高.     

政府资助对技术创新的作用：理论分析与政策工具选择

这篇论文主要阐述了政府资助对私人部门技术创新的影响。政府对私人部门进行资助的政策工具主要有政府担保、贴息、贷款，税收刺激和公共研究，这些政策工具除了能促进私人部门的技术创新活动外，也有相互之间的牵制、替代和补充作用。政府资助的效果随总量增加而增加，达到某一极值后就会下降，论文的结论对于政府制订促进私人部门技术创新的资助政策有着一定的参考价值。     

创新的直接性政府补贴设计与运用

政府扶持企业创新活动已成为国际上通行的做法.依据企业技术创新不同阶段面临的资金需求,政府会给予企业或特定科研机构一定的直接资助,但由于各种原因出现了研发补贴低效率的现象.鉴于中国的实际情况,把讨论限制在政府直接性研发补贴的设计和使用上,通过一个两阶段博弈模型分析政府与企业在直接研发资助中的行为,对事先补贴与事后补贴的最优选择进行了理论设计.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence