以自己为圆心画个太阳

童年的一天,他在屋里玩,父亲沉默地坐在角落里。10分钟内,他做了11件事情:写了一个半字,画了一个没画成的苹果,看了几秒钟书,大叫了几声,踢翻了一个凳子,发呆半分钟,玩了三样玩具而且都扔到了门外,傻乎乎地唱了几句歌,欣赏了一下父亲没画完的画作,画了个女孩并哈哈大笑,最后发疯地叫了几声妈……     

盛开的樱桃花

春天到了,小草绿了,树叶长出来了。小鸟在树上叽叽喳喳叫个不停,好像在为春天的到来歌唱;溪水哗哗地流着,欢乐地拍打着沿岸的石头。草儿绿了,花儿开了,天蓝了,雪融化了。那樱桃花也盛开了,开得如此的灿烂,如此的美丽。我一看到它,就想起了我曾经听过的一段故事:     

我记得……

我记得,母亲上床休息,总是等孩子们在火炕上睡了,等进了窝的鸡睡了,等挂在屋檐下的镰刀睡了,等炉灶里冒着烟的火睡了,等储藏室里的叉子和盆子睡了,等对着井水照影子的苹果树睡了,等白鹳鸟巢(cháo)上空的云睡了,等被庄稼起伏摇荡的田野里的路睡了。     

我长大了

告别了充满童趣的低年级,踏入了洋溢着希望的高年级。虽然,课程增加了许多,作业的包袱也重了几分,玩耍的时间更少了,但是,我却真切地感到:"我长大了!"我长大了,告别幼稚,走向了成熟。我看问题的角度变了,变得更加客观、全面;我常常努力尝试依靠自己的力量弄清某个事物的原理。我长大了,告别依赖,走向了独立。我     

远程教育资源的运用丰富了语文教学

远程教育资源的利用给语文教学改革带来了无限生机。可以说,远程教育资源通过大量的信息和各种生动的界面,丰富了语文教学资源,为学生提供了丰富多彩的学习素材,优化了课堂教学过程,活跃了课堂气氛,减轻了学生过重的课业负担,提高了教学效率,促使学生进行自主、合作、探究式学习,培养了学生创新精神和实践能力,提高了学生综合素质,促进了学生全面和终身发展。     

浅议高校图书馆勤工俭学的利与弊

高校图书馆开展勤工俭学工作,不仅缓解了图书馆日益增加的工作量与工作人员紧张之间的矛盾,使图书馆日常工作得以顺利开展,而且还减轻了一部分同学的经济压力,丰富了他们的理论知识,开阔了他们的视野,提高了他们的实践能力,培养了他们的创新意识,凝聚了他们的创造能力,增强了他们的自信心。本文简述了高校图书馆开展勤工俭学的利与弊。     

坚持作文走生活之路

近些年来,作文作秀的现象已成了众矢之的。梦境多了,真情少了;忧郁多了,天真少了;深沉多了,清纯少了;抒情多了,记叙少了;概述多了,素描少了;柔情多了,激情少了;历史多了,现实少了;排比多了,平实少了;感悟多了,经历少了;上帝多了,自己少了。学生作文越来越偏离了自己的感情世界和真实的生活。     

守住语文教学的“本分”

综观当前的语文课堂,我们欣喜地看到了：教师教学理念变新了,教学内容拓宽了,知识结构综合了,教学方式丰富了……但同时我们也看到不少语文课堂,尤其是常态课上,其教学内容“胖”了,教学环节“碎”了,能力训练“浮”了,教学形式“花”了,失去了语文教学的“本分”,教学效果自然就“虚化”了。这里例举小学语文教学中最为常见的三种偏失现象。     

笑声送给了……

糟了糟了—— 春天被打翻了, 洒出了生机勃勃的笑声, 笑声送给了小草,小草高兴地发芽生长; 笑声送给了花儿,花儿露出了美丽的笑脸; 笑声送给了孩子们,孩子们尽情地欢唱。     

一奖 二罚 三助——我的家庭作业妙招

到了四年级,孩子们不知是因为年龄大了学会偷懒了,还是随着年级的升高,作业量的增加,越来越不想做作业了。总之,每天的作业总是事故频出:要么是忘在了家里,要么就是少做了一项作业,还有的竟     

休谟怀疑精神对哲学发展的贡献及意义

休谟质疑归纳的合理性问题,由此引发了历史上许多哲学家和逻辑学家们对其合理性的解释,但都未尽如人意,然而休摸的怀疑主义精神却为后人留下了积极意义。     

THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MORAL EDUCATION: THE NOTIONS OF RATIONALITY AND OBJECTIVITY REVISITED

The crucial epistemological question for formulating the principles that underlie moral education concerns the status of rationality and objectivity in ethics and education. In this essay Katariina Holma argues that the intertwined understanding of the concepts of education, ethics, rationality, and objectivity is built into our language and our thinking. She begins by delineating epistemologically adequate interpretations for the notions of rationality and objectivity. In light of these interpretations, Holma contends that the two main contemporary philosophical arguments against the possibility of ethical objectivity — the argument that derives from cultural relativism and the argument that derives from the scientific worldview — fail to refute this possibility. The epistemological notions of rationality and objectivity, as Holma interprets them in this essay, prepare the way for a moral education that combines the appreciation of personal and cultural plurality with the possibility for critical thinking and the pursuit of better understanding in the ethical realm.     

《都柏林人》的现代诠释

《都柏林人》可存在多种的解读。文本的意义和读者对文本的再造都有其合理性诠释的空间,也许这正是《都柏林人》作为文学典型的价值所在。     

延展理性与枢轴知识论的困难——对一种反激进怀疑论方案的考察

维特根斯坦在其晚期哲学的核心著作《论确定性》一书中,基于对摩尔反怀疑论论证的批评,对枢轴命题和知识的关系等进行了系统研究,这为一种反激进怀疑论和知识论的建构提供了重要资源。根据学界对维氏文本的多维解读,相关的体系性建构面临基本困难。科里瓦提出延展理性的观点,即将认知理性延展到认知实践的基础上,意图建立一种所谓的枢轴知识论,但她对枢轴命题的处理仍有遗留问题。在考察普理查德对枢轴命题的非信念式阐述后,我们认为在语境主义基础上,结合了延展理性的枢轴知识论建构并非不可能的。     

中世纪晚期英国乡村工资变迁研究

在对中世纪晚期英国乡村的工资变迁原因的解释中,波斯坦的＂新人口论＂一直占据主导地位。尽管人口模式的解释有一定的合理性,但对于有些问题,它不能给出令人满意的答案。实际上,除了人口变动之外,中世纪晚期的工资变迁是货币供给、法律干预、生活标准变迁、劳资双方的力量对比等多种因素共同作用的结果。     

科学理性与自由主义

哈耶克和波普尔两位自由主义者对科学理性及其与自由的关系有截然不同的看法,而量子物理的互补诠释则能表明科学内在精神与自由主义的一致性。N·玻尔以互补观点对量子力学带来的新的认识论局势作了精确而全面的说明。互补观点向广泛的认识领域的推扩,完全不同于以牛顿力学为根据引申出来的因果决定论。     

阐释有逻辑方法吗？——以“道可道非常道”的阐释为例

＂道可道非常道＂是老子《道德经》开篇之句,对于这句话,传统的解读主要从史料、考据以及前人的注释着手,而当代几个逻辑学者却从逻辑与语言分析的角度提出了自己新的解读,在强调对字词的理解基础上,注重思想的整体性与无矛盾性。从逻辑解读虽富有新意,但从史料、考据以及阐释的可行性与合理性来看,仍存在不够完善的地方。     

Critical Thinking as a Source of Respect for Persons: A critique

Critical thinking has come to be defined as and aligned with ‘good’ thinking. It connects to the value placed on rationality and agency and is woven into conceptions of what it means to become a person and hence deserve respect. Challenges to the supremacy of critical thinking have helped to provoke richer and fuller interpretations and critical thought is prevalent in talk of what it is to become a person and more fundamentally to educate. The capacity for critical thought may indeed be one significant aspect of developed personhood; however an emphasis on critical thought as the main source of respect for persons raises a number of issues about what might therefore be excluded or neglected. A number of alternative views that try to retrieve a more ‘humanised’ view of how we exist in the world are examined and are found to suggest that human consciousness as a mark of personhood should be seen as rooted in bodily senses and a more aesthetic orientation towards the world that moves us away from critical thought and rationality as the single indicators of ‘good’ thinking.     

The Attrition of Change: A Study of Change and Continuity

In this article models and theories on effective schooling are reviewed. Modelling is based on the various disciplinary oriented approaches to educational effectiveness. As such production functions, instructional effectiveness models and integrated, multi‐level educational effectiveness models are discussed. Various conceptual and formal representations of facilitation across levels are seen as the most interesting area for further model‐driven research. In the second part of the article four organization theories are discussed, all of which are seen as specific interpretations of the rationality paradigm: rational control theory and bureaucratic structuring; contingency theory; public choice theory; and retroactive planning. A fifth theoretical perspective, chaos theory, as applied to organizational functioning, looks more like a complete anti‐thesis of rationality, but can nevertheless be related to the emergence of ordered patterns and to organizational survival. Core mechanisms or theory‐embedded principles that follow from these theories are, respectively: proactive structuring; fit; market mechanisms; the cybernetic principle; and self‐organization. Further analysis of these principles leads to the conclusion that the cybernetic principle of evaluation feedback and reinforcement is the most interesting one, both from a theoretical and practice‐oriented perspective. Throughout the article hints and suggestions are provided for future, more theory and model‐driven educational effectiveness research.     

以快感对抗教化——桑塔格论艺术目的

传统＂内容说＂把文本当作承载道德伦理和教化的＂内容＂来看待,人们阐释作品无非就是要揭示并传达一种教化思想,一种道德伦理观念。正是这种对永恒道德伦理观念的不懈追求才导致了对文本源源不断的阐释,也使批评家们乐此不疲地充当起道德家。桑塔格的＂反对阐释＂首先反对的就是这一认识论及其导致的一系列后果,她接过反理性先驱手中的接力棒,以＂新感受力＂来对抗艺术的道德教化,旗帜鲜明地提出＂艺术的目的是提供快感＂,对感性欲望予以彻底解放。在当时的形势下,只有提倡艺术的目的是带来快感,才能以激进的态度来抗击阐释的流弊。