Gender and Education for All: Progress and problems in achieving gender equity

The paper explores the effects of rapid increases in gender parity in primary schooling in Bangladesh and Malawi on gender inequities in schools and communities. Based on an analysis of comparative case studies of marginalized communities, we argue that educational initiatives focused on achieving gender parity provide limited evidence that girls’ educational experiences modeled significantly different gender norms than in communities, or that by being educated, girls experienced a transformation of the inequitable gender relations they faced in society. The data illustrate persistent gender discrimination related to educational attainment and learning, and gender-based violence in schools. These patterns of gendered discrimination and violence largely mirrored those that girls and boys experienced in their homes and communities, raising important questions about the transformational capacity of current gender parity and schooling models.     

全民教育:中国的解读与实践

全民教育既是一项由联合国教科文等国际组织推动的世界性教育改革运动,也是一种国际教育思潮。全民教育的基本理念是:以人的发展为教育的核心,受教育权是一项基本的人权,质量是教育的生命。我国参与全民教育运动以来,追随国际教育思潮,不断推进教育改革和发展。全民教育理念推动了我国教育民主、平等化进程,推进了教育决策、行动的科学化。在全民教育运动中,我国不断探索适合自己的全民教育途径和模式,这些经验值得世界借鉴。     

芬兰全民教育的最新国家行动

在《达喀尔框架》的基础上,为促进全民教育的发展,2004年8月,芬兰出版了《芬兰国家行动计划》,该计划指出了芬兰教育的现状及未来需要采取的行动。本文从儿童早期教育、弱势群体的教育、成人教育、移民教育、为学生提供高质量教育的举措、国家全民教育行动的政策思路等方面对芬兰全民教育最新国家行动进行了评述。     

全民教育所面临的挑战与对策——解读联合国教科文组织第五届全民教育高层会议公报

全民教育已成为当前国际社会共同关注的事业,目前面临的挑战有：发展目标尚未完整实现；师资短缺；资金窘迫；原则有待共同遵循。公报阐述的全民教育对策主要涉及扫盲教育、农村人口教育、教育中的性别平等、全民教育与教育援助。     

The Education for All Global Monitoring Report: a mid-term assessment

The Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report is six years old and seven reports have been produced (UNESCO, 2000–2008). It is a product of the outcomes of the World Education Forum in Dakar held in 2000. It is designed to track progress towards the realization of the six EFA goals and to hold governments and the international community to account for their promises and pledges. This short article reviews the genesis, evolution, characteristics, and influence of the GMR to the beginning of 2008. It concludes that the report is now a well established feature of annual international reporting and has helped to strengthen UNESCO’s voice. It is a reference point of some significance but it will need to adjust its reporting and its argument as 2015 approaches.

Education for All in India: assessing progress towards Dakar goals

About 60 years ago India established a policy of providing free and compulsory education to all children and began transforming the elite education system inherited from its colonial past into a mass education program. The task became a race against a rapidly growing population, which outstripped the pace at which children could be enrolled and educated in schools. Notwithstanding this demographic challenge, the system grew in size and the number of children participating in school grew many-fold. The struggle to reach the long cherished goal of universal elementary education continues even today. The present paper highlights two decades of EFA progress, paying particular attention to quantitative trends since 2001, and the policies framed and the strategies implemented to achieve greater equity and quality in the provision of basic education.

达喀尔论坛后的世界全民教育:进展、特点、挑战及前景

达喀尔世界教育论坛被认为是世界全民教育运动新的转折点.全民教育的十年评估以来,教育权利得到了世界范围内各国的广泛认同,教育质量成为全民教育的主要关注点.但世界全民教育依然面临巨大挑战,而全民终身学习是21世纪教育的关键,是实现更为有质量的生活和人性化社会的希望.     

全球视野的全民教育理念

联合国教科文组织长期以来致力于推动全民教育的发展。该组织的许多教育文献就这一主题发表了一系列有价值的观点,形成了较为系统的全民教育理念,并对当代世界教育产生了重要的影响。教科文组织教育文献的全民教育理念主要涉及全民教育的内涵、意义、目的及实施策略。分析和总结该组织的全民教育理念有助于我们更好地理解和实施全民教育。     

全民教育思潮的发展及其对构建学习型社会的启示

全民教育思潮是伴随着教育民主化进程和日趋激烈的国际竞争而出现的,并在联合国教科文组织的直接推动下,自上个世纪90年代以来,形成了全民教育运动。这种思潮,正影响着我国教育理念的重塑和教育实践的发展,对当前推动教育均衡发展、构建学习型社会具有重要的现实意义。     

学有所教:中国特色社会主义教育的目标和理想——为江苏率先基本实现教育现代化提供全面而有效的科研服务

"学有所教"是十七大报告从构建和谐社会,实现社会公正和人民幸福的高度,对教育发展提出的建设中国特色社会主义教育的新目标和新理想。"率先基本实现教育现代化"是江苏基于教育发展的实际,以教育现代化来引领教育的改革与发展,不断满足江苏人民群众"学有所教"的多方面需求的教育发展战略。围绕江苏率先基本实现教育现代化,实现"学有所教"的目标与理想,提供有效的科研服务,是江苏教育科研的努力方向和价值追求。     

开放大学：“学有所教”的必然选择

＂学有所教＂不仅是学习型社会的基本特征,也是学习型社会构建的战略重点。实现＂学有所教＂目标的根本途径是建立开放的教育体系和模式。依据＂学有所教＂内在的有效性和有序性要求,开放教育体系及模式必须具有高度的组织性和规范性。因此,建设开放大学构成了实现＂学有所教＂目标的战略选择。     

Can social integration in schools be mandated: Evidence from the Right to Education Act in India

Although Affirmative Action policies have been enforced in many countries, their consequences are highly understudied, especially in the context of developing economies. Section 12(1)(c) of the Right to Education (RTE) Act enforced in 2009 is the first attempt to introduce affirmative action in primary schools in India. The act requires all private schools to reserve at least twenty five percent seats for children from economically weaker sections. To understand the effect of the act on i) social integration and ii) academic outcomes, we asked 1500 children (grades one to three) from four schools to answer friendship surveys and short tests in Mathematics and English. The schools in our sample vary considerably in constitution and were intentionally chosen to understand the impact of the act in different school settings. The friendship surveys show strong homophily i.e. non-RTE students cite other non-RTE students as friends, while RTE students chose to be friends primarily with other RTE students. Trends in test scores reveal that students admitted under the RTE quota score significantly lower than non-RTE students. However, RTE students who have a higher share of non-RTE friends have better test scores, suggesting that affirmative action may have a positive influence on learning outcomes for RTE children. Further we note that commitment from the school authorities and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the act will go a long way in bringing out some of the benefits that this act was designed to achieve. Our findings have important policy implications with respect to ensuring proper implementation of the Section12(1)(c) of the RTE act in schools across the country.     

全民教育运动中教育质量问题及对策

自1990年宗迪恩大会以来,全民教育已引起世界各国,特别是发展中国家的重视,为了实现宗迪恩大会提出的全民教育目标,许多国家采取了普及初等教育的政策,在办学规模和招生人数上狠下功夫.然而,片面追求入学率,忽视教学质量,给全民教育带来了新的问题.本文探讨了各国在实现全民教育目标过程中出现的教育质量问题,分析了影响教育质量的因素,提出了相应的对策,希翼对我国全民教育的开展有所启示.     

孔子“有教无类”主张及其价值的现代透视

教育的对象问题,历来都是教育家关注的焦点。在孔子的教育思想中,最光辉的一点便是其“有教无类”的教育主张。它规定了孔子办私学的教育对象。今天,我们重温这一杰出命题,把握其基本思想内涵及现代价值,对于正在进行的教育改革仍有着重要意义。     

浅谈美术教学与素质教育

面对全面启动的素质教育，我国美育始终是一个薄弱环节，要想全面贯彻实施国家的教育方针，必须使德、智、体、关、劳五育统一起来。相辅相成。协调发展。本文将重点探讨美术教学在素质教育中的地位和作用。     

Target-driven reforms: Education for All and the translations of equity and inclusion in India

This paper critically examines the ways in which inclusion and equity are constituted through education development policies in India. Programmes implemented under global and national Education for All (EFA) policies have largely involved the quantification of ‘equity’ whereby schooling processes are measured against broad targets for school outcomes – focused mainly on student attendance, retention and academic achievement. Drawing on perspectives from Actor Network Theory, the paper puts forward the view of development reforms as ‘networks of translation’ in order to trace the shifts and vicissitudes of educational ideals. Reporting on ethnographic data of two reforms in the south Indian state of Karnataka, we show how narrow understandings of equity are produced through target-driven approaches to EFA. In doing so, the paper highlights the performative effects of education development policy and its potentially counterproductive consequences in contexts of poverty and marginalisation.     

文化素质教育在学生德育培养中的实践

本文从实践角度对新时期德育工作进行了探讨,结合学生思想现状,在探索如何培养大学生文化素质方面做出了有益的探索,并总结了在实践中取得的良好效果.     

Inclusive Education in India: International concept,national interpretation

This article examines education of children belonging to marginalised groups, with particular reference to children with disabilities, within the Indian context. Based on an analysis of post‐independence Government documents, various educational provisions made available for children with disabilities are discussed. It explores the Indian Government’s focus on the development of special schools, its efforts towards integration, and the more recent emphasis on inclusive education. Furthermore, it attempts to elucidate “inclusive education” as understood in various official documents. The article concludes by arguing for a need to develop a contextual understanding of inclusive education that is reflective of current educational concerns in India.     

Translating norms from Europe to Turkey: Turkey in the Bologna Process

This article focuses on the structural changes Turkish higher education is going through as a result of Turkey’s integration into the European educational space. The focus of the article is the process of policy transfer. For this purpose, the article outlines the changes in Turkish higher education comprehensively to explain the dynamics of the policy transfer. Creation of a national qualifications system and establishment of a quality assurance system are given as examples of policy transfer. The article concludes that while the system is becoming more student-centred, change in higher education is happening in a very top-down fashion, where participation of relevant stakeholders is not ensured.     

远程教育对开展全民教育的作用研究

现代远程教育已经成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分,它的快速发展为大众接受高等教育提供了更多的机会,加大了再教育的选择空间。现代远程教育对于全民教育的普及具有极其重要的意义。