蜕变——浅析《喜福会》中的女性形象

谭恩美是以为令人瞩目的美籍华裔作家,她的小说《喜福会》甫一问世,就引起了强烈反响。小说具有强大的感染力和吸引力,其中的女性形象更是令人久久难以忘怀。小说中的女性可以分为三类:本土女性、移民女性、ABC女性。从沉默到觉醒再到自强自立,这些女性向世人展示了女性主体意识的发展过程。在这个缓慢的发展过程中,她们积极进取,努力寻找自我、确认自我身份。在历经了一次次的阵痛之后,她们终于迎来了属于自己的蜕变。     

The role of collaboration in a comprehensive programme design process in inclusive education

This study focused on the role of collaboration in a comprehensive programme design process in inclusive education. The participants were six members of an inclusive education team and an educational designer who together comprised the design team. The study examined whether collaboration was evident in the practice of programme design and associated institutional processes. This was determined through an examination of institutional documents and reflections on collaborative practice provided by design team members in semi-structured interviews about their experiences. The study found that designing the programme collaboratively was more time intensive and at times challenging but ultimately produced a more coherent programme with transparent design, structure and content for students and teachers.     

Learning to become graduate students: Japanese women's experience in the research unit in engineering

Based on the analysis of 16 interviews with women first-year master's students at two national engineering schools in Japan, this article examines the socialisation role of compulsory undergraduate research experience in Japanese women's decisions to pursue graduate education and choices of the programme. The findings suggest that research experiences in a small independent research unit within the major department convinced Japanese women engineering students of their academic and social success as graduate students in the current environment. Although participants generally adapted themselves to the research unit through their research, there is a variation in the degree to which they were smoothly integrated into the research unit, reflecting organisational and individual differences.     

Indiana women of achievement: using self-directedness,self-efficacy and self-determination to explore opportunities for leadership

This article shares examples of how leadership opportunities, self-directedness, self-efficacy and self-determination developed in professional women who have been recognised as leaders. This study presents six women honoured as ‘Women of Achievement’. Through narrative interviews, each woman described aspects of her life that guided decision-making and her approach to various life situations. Using the narrative examples provided, one may be able to see themes or strategies for working with other learners to enhance their own leadership. Findings included: growth and development as leaders within their own environments and through interactions with people who mentored or influenced them; openness to opportunities presented to them; the effect that time, place and culture contributed to the goals and tasks that these women undertook. While they were bound by social constraints concerning gender, race and class, each found a way to adapt within those environments and make changes for the better through their contributions. Consistently, these women realised their actions made a difference. Implications for further research include: enhancing self-directedness, self-efficacy and self-determination in women; expanding the definition of leadership; and understanding the motivation for engaging in leadership opportunities. Through this and other research, we seek to expand women’s roles and participation as leaders.     

Mapping the development of a new MA programme in higher education: comparing privately held perceptions of a public endeavour

After spending a year working on the development of a new online Master’s programme in higher education, members of the development team were interviewed to reveal their thoughts about the nature of the programme. The dialogue of each interview was summarised as a concept map. Analysis of the resulting maps included a modified Bernsteinian analysis of the focus of the concepts included in terms of their semantic gravity (i.e. closeness to context) and the degree of resonance with the underpinning regulative discourse of the programme. Data highlight a number of potential issues for programme delivery that centre around the use of appropriate language to manage student expectations in relation to the process of learning and the emotional responses this can stimulate, as well as the tensions that can be foregrounded between the demands of teaching and research within a university environment.     

Exploring the Letterbox Club programme’s impact on foster children’s literacy: potent intervention or general support?

ABSTRACT

The book-gifting programme, the Letterbox Club, was developed as a response to the increased interest in ways of improving the educational outcomes of children in out-of-home care. By reporting quantitative and qualitative findings from a Swedish trial, and compiling findings from previous British evaluations, the purpose of this paper is to further our understanding of the programme’s potential impact. Pre/post measurements of the reading age of 72 foster children showed an average improvement of 2.5 months in comparison to the national average. With some exceptions, interviews with children and carers showed that the programme was well received and indicated that it could increase reading engagement and carer involvement. The current empirical base knowledge suggests that the Letterbox Club has a small impact on foster children’s literacy. The results do not allow for causal interpretations. Long-term outcomes are unknown. The programme lacks a theoretical foundation, and the implementation is dependent on individual and contextual factors. However, the programme is simple to administer, low-cost, and can reach a large number of children. The article therefore suggests that the Letterbox Club could be seen as a general supportive measure, and promotion of carer involvement is proposed as a way of improving its potential impact.     

Purposes for literacy in children's use of the online virtual world Club Penguin

This paper reports on a study of the purposes for literacy discernible in young children's use of the virtual world, Club Penguin. Twenty‐six children aged between 5 and 11 took part in semi‐structured interviews in which their use of virtual worlds was explored. Further, three 11‐year‐old children were filmed using Club Penguin four times each over the period of 1 month in their own homes and they and their parents took part in interviews regarding their use of this virtual world. Findings indicate that the purposes for literacy in virtual worlds such as these are varied and have much in common with purposes for literacy in the off ine world. The virtual world Club Penguin provided a motivating and enjoyable context for reading and writing and enabled the construction and maintenance of online social networks. The implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.     

毛泽东与中国妇女解放

毛泽东在领导中国革命和建设的伟大实践中 ,非常关注妇女解放。他不仅高度评价了妇女的伟大作用 ,而且把妇女解放和阶级解放结合起来 ,为广大的妇女实现自身解放指明了正确道路 ,开创了男女平等、共建伟业的新时代。     

卢梭女子观的现实意义

卢梭的女性观和女子教育现在欧洲社会引起了极大的震撼,导致了一场反对卢梭妇女观的由自由主义女性掀起的妇女解放运动,同时也出现了一种捍卫卢梭女子观的思潮。虽然对卢梭的女子观褒贬不一。但不可否认的是它把一直被忽略的女性教育给提出来了,肯定了女子有受教育的权利,这是教育思想史上的伟大进步,在争取寻求妇女获得解放的今天,对看待女性和教育女子有突出的意义。     

Context and the gendered status of teachers: women’s empowerment through leadership of non‐formal schooling in rural Bangladesh

Empowering women to control and change their lives continues to be an important goal for many nations. This article examines the empowering effects of being selected and trained to lead rural schools in Bangladesh, using survey and interview data from 152 village women working with the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee education programme. The adoption by women of the traditional male roles of teacher and educational leader combined with a commitment to serving the poor have led to the widespread acceptance and normalisation of non‐traditional roles for women in conservative village culture. The study confirms the need for a holistic approach and context sensitivity when designing change initiatives to empower women and promote gender equity.     

The action research process as a means of helping student teachers understand and fulfil the complex role of the teacher

The Mid-Town elementary preservice cohort programme at OISE/UT has, for several years, had action research by student teachers as a major component. In this article, the authors outline the view of action research held by the faculty team and explain why they turned to action research as a strategy in teacher education. They detail how the action research requirement is implemented in the programme, and describe the effects of the action research process on the understandings, skills and behaviour of the preservice teachers. The findings suggest this is potentially a very valuable approach to teacher education, provided certain other conditions are fulfilled.     

Different Role Awareness between Chinese and Western Women in The Joy Luck Club

The Joy Luck Club was the first novel written by Chinese American female writer---Amy Tan,in which separately depicted three generations of women.These eight heroines in the novel best reflect the ideology and sensation of Chinese women.In this paper,the co-authors discussed the similarity and differences of role awareness between Chinese and Western women,through analyzing all the heroines’struggle and fate in The Joy Luck Club,from the perspectives of Feminism.By comparing the different role awareness between Chinese and western women,we drew a general conclusion which enables us better understand western society,culture,economy and ideology.     

世界女子排球强队二号位进攻的研究

针对排球进攻战术的发展,采用文献资料、数理统计及访谈等方法对世界女排强队二号位进攻进行了分析研究,旨在探讨世界女子排球强队二号位进攻之特点。研究发现其特点为对手拦网效果不好以及进攻队员身材高大。由此,世界女排强队二号位进攻的研究有利于厘清当代女排二号位进攻的状况和效果,为提高中国女排二号位进攻的效果提出一定的建议和参考。     

Effects in post-conflict West Africa of teacher training for refugee women

This article draws data from an innovative research project tracing former refugee teachers who received teacher training from the International Rescue Committee (IRC) over a 17-year-long education programme in refugee camps in Guinea (1991–2008). The research traced repatriated refugee teachers who had returned to their homes in Sierra Leone and Liberia in an effort to determine the effects of the training they received – particularly whether they were still working as teachers in their post-repatriation lives, or whether they had made use of their training in other ways. Although the research in question focused on all of the former IRC teachers who the research team could trace, the present paper is about the female teachers and their specific situations. Focusing on the women's responses yields the gender-specific conclusions about structural barriers to institutional and societal changes in conflict and post-conflict settings.     

对"六·二"配备的探讨

“六·二”配备是古巴女排对传统“四·二”配备阵容的创新 ,是国际排坛对阵容的一种新的称谓 .分析“六·二”配备的内涵、特点及要求 ,结合古巴女排的赛场运用做一比较 ,提出了中国女排短期内不便运用此阵容的建议 .     

Research into Higher Education: An Overview

The build-up of Swedish research into higher education and its function in society has been in progress since the beginning of the 1970s. This work has been conducted under a special programme whose steering forms assure that the selection of researchers and research ventures is influenced both by research criteria and by practitioners' assessments of relevance. The purpose of the research programme is to articulate and analyse basic issues of higher education, so as to improve our understanding of the conditions in which higher education is best able to fulfill its tasks. The following is a short summary of the development of the programme during the past decade, together with a few examples of the content of the programme, and some concluding remarks on working procedure. There are also four appendices with information on programme costs, and the composition of the advisory groups, and with lists of the programme's current projects and surveys.     

How to protect the chromosomal ends? Telomerase, chromosome stability and aging

The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — Elizabeth H Blackburn, Carol W Greider and Jack W Szostak — for their work during early 1980s and 1990s which helped unravel the molecular mechanisms of protection of chromosomal ends by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Their discovery has had major implications in the fields of ageing and cancer research. Blackburn and Greider are the ninth and tenth women scientist, to get this award in physiology or medicine and this is the first time that two women scientists have shared the prize.     

Developing and changing practice in special educational needs through critically reflective action research: a case study

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the use of action research as a tool for developing critical reflection which has the potential to lead to change and development in practice in education, in particular, in the area of special educational needs (SEN) and inclusion. In order to support and illustrate the critique, a case study of a group of Dutch practising teachers and education professionals engaged in studying for a master's degree in SEN is used. The three-year programme of study followed by the group was a practice-based programme of professional development, with heavy emphasis on action research throughout. For this particular group action research was an entirely new concept, and indeed many of them expressed considerable scepticism about its validity as an approach to research, or for that matter, professional development, at the beginning of the programme. The whole group were working in areas associated with SEN where the need to change practice was an urgent imperative, due to changes in education policy and the rapid move towards inclusion in The Netherlands. Having been responsible for the development and teaching of the programme for several years, I decided to make a case study of one cohort of students in order to carry out some more structured and detailed evaluation of the impact of the programme on practice. I also wanted to reaffirm the general impression I had gathered from continuing student evaluation and feedback, that their work, and in particular the action research they had carried out, had led to genuine development and, in some cases, fairly radical change in their professional practice.     

The perception of women engineers in the construction industry in Palestine

The industrial and occupational distribution of women is such that women are concentrated predominately in a few occupations, mostly in the service sector, such as banking, finance, insurance, public administration, hotel, and catering. Men and women are equal in their capabilities in almost every respect, provided that women are given the same opportunities as men for training, employment, and promotion. There is a lack of research studies on women in the construction industry; therefore this field needs special consideration. The purpose of the current study is to find out working conditions of the Palestinian women civil and architect engineers in the construction industry in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. In addition, it attempts to examine their career prospects and to understand problems experienced by these women throughout their academic years as well as in their careers. Discrimination against women is still present in today's construction industry as well as in other traditional engineering cultures. In order to minimise or cope with this problem, attitudinal change by both men and women is strongly suggested.     

辛亥时期爱国女性革命活动探略

辛亥时期的爱国女性,不畏牺牲、积极勇敢地投身于推翻满清封建专制统治的革命洪流中,她们或组建女军,与男革命军共同战斗;或发起＂赤十字会＂,开展战场医疗救护;或组织女子后援团体,为革命募捐筹饷;或担负掩护及通迅联络工作;或参与制造、运送武器弹药;或组织女子侦探队,协助收集情报等等。这些活动彰显了女性的巨大力量,也充分说明了她们曾为辛亥革命的最后胜利作出过重要贡献。