方差稳定化变换综述

关于方差稳定化变换的方法已有相当多的研究,在具体的数据面前如何取舍是影响方差分析结果的一个很重要的问题。首先探讨了方差分析中方差齐性的必要性,其次,根据分布的均值与方差之间的关系综述了方差稳定化变换的一般方法及医学统计中常用分布的变换方法,并给出了具体的适用条件。     

Educating citizens for changing economies

While economic factors play a crucial role in determining election outcomes, the place of economic understanding in educating citizens is neither widely recognized nor substantially articulated in the literature. Although economic educators have frequently asserted that economic understanding is important to citizens’ education, they have not set out their case by engaging with the wider literature on citizenship education. This paper identifies two dimensions of an economic education that enable it to contribute to a ‘maximalist’ citizenship education.     

浅析情事变更原则的适用条件

情事变更是合同法中关于合同履行的原则之一，具有悠久的法律传统，和极大的科学性及合理性。但在我国的《合同法》中始终未对此做明确的规定，拟从情事变更原则的适用条件的把握入手，对该原则做一粗浅探讨。     

Are reading methods changing again?

This paper was first written as a talk to the Orton Dyslexia Society, in response to present reading reforms in California and elsewhere. A historical context is provided which suggests that such reforms are but a small chapter in a long-standing tension between code emphasis and meaning emphasis approaches to reading. This tension has been fueling debate for an entire century, with outcomes at any given point apparently decided as much by fashion and politics as by research and experience. More collaboration is called for between remedial specialists and “regular education” teachers, to reduce the incidence of children who require special help.     

The earth’s changing climate

Various human activities have contributed to an increase in the levels of greenhouse gases. The contribution that these make to global warming requires further investigation, because there are several negative feedback mechanisms which inhibit the warming process.     

The changing position of a headmaster

Abstract

This paper is a philosophically informed contribution to debate about the values that might inform and be communicated by a further education. It includes a historical review of the concern of colleges of further education with economic and personal development that was reflected in the distinction between vocational and liberal studies. This distinction is seen to arise out of a mistaken epistemology which attempts to distinguish once and for all as it were, objective facts from subjective values. As instrumentalism came to dominate the further education sector, the idea of liberal studies became obsolete and the sector might now appear to some commentators to be little concerned with values other than those of a monetary kind. The paper is focused on a traditional conception of further education colleges as places where people learn practices such as plumbing, joinery and hairdressing. It is argued that the distinction between academic and vocational practices is not based on the logic of the practices, but on the primary purpose of the person who is making the distinction. Practices such as plumbing, joinery and hairdressing are value laden as, more obviously, are other practices such as literary criticism and feminist pedagogy. The idea that the former type of practices are somehow value free and in need of additional study in moral competence or life skills is mistaken. Instead it is argued that all practices are evaluative and that an induction into any practice is bound to be a form of values education.