The value of endoscopic ultrasonography on diagnosis and treatment of esophageal hamartoma

Objective:To examine the values of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) on diagnosis and treatment of esophageal hamartoma.Methods:We compared and analyzed various kinds of imaging examinations such as barium esophagram,contrast-enhanced computed temography(CT)and conventional gastroscopy in retrospectively reviewing the clinical data of an esophageal hamartoma patient seen in our clinic in the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.Having received various imaging examinations,this patient was finally diagnosed with esophageal hamartoma and underwent gastroscopic resection of hamartoma with the diagnostic information obtained from EUS.The patient had been regularly followed up for 13 months after treatment.Results:Barium esophagram,CT and conventional gastroscopy detected the lesion,but were unable to distinguish it from conlmon esophagopolypus and other submucosal lesions,and unable to determine etiopathogenisis.EUS detected the hamartoma and identified its intemal structure,echo,exact size,depth of invasion,origin and the relationship between adjacent tissues and organs,differentiating the lesion from other submucosal tumors and clearly defining the diagnosis.EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA) also helped to identify the etiological diagnosis.Conclusion:EUS was superior to other imaging means in diagnosis and treatment of hamartoma.     

Hyperechoic demarcation line between a tumor and the muscularis propria layer as a marker for deciding the endoscopic treatment of gastric submucosal tumor

Minimally invasive endoscopic resection has been rapidly adopted as a new technique for treating patients with gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating in the muscularis propria (MP) layer. This study was conducted to evaluate the information obtained from endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to determine the appropriate endoscopic dissection method for treating SMTs originating in the MP layer. Between February 2014 and May 2016, a total of 50 patients with gastric SMTs originating in the MP layer were enrolled in this study. The clinical features of the patients and their endoscopic, EUS, and histopathologic findings, as well as their postoperative follow-up data, were analyzed in this retrospective study. The mean age of the patients was (55.0±10.2) years, and the male/female ratio was 17:33. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed on 43 patients and an endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) was performed on seven patients. The most frequent location for an SMT was in the upper body region of the stomach (n=16), and the most common pathological diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (n=32). The overall rates for complete resection were 95.3% (41/43) and 100.0% (7/7) when the SMTs were treated by ESD and EFR, respectively. The presence of a complete tumor capsule was significantly associated with a complete resection (P=0.001). Of the cases treated by ESD, nine patients developed perforation, one of whom required laparoscopic surgery. The remaining patients were closed with clips or purse-string sutures. The presence of an MP2-type tumor (P=0.018) and a wide connection with the MP layer (P=0.044) were significantly associated with perforation. A preoperative evaluation of the integrity and the location of a tumor capsule and the length of the tumor connection with the MP layer by EUS can improve the complete resection rate and reduce the occurrence of intraoperative complications. Tumors with a complete capsule originating from the superficial MP layer or with a narrow connection with the MP layer are appropriate candidates for treatment by ESD.     

早期大肠癌的结肠镜下高频电凝电切治疗

利用电子结肠镜检查发现早期大肠癌,行内镜下微创高频电凝电切或粘膜切除术,或外科根治术,切下标本全瘤送病理检查。术后定期随访,比较两组的疗效,探讨电子结肠镜下高频电凝电切治疗早期大肠癌的价值。结果表明,结肠镜下高频电凝电切及粘膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌疗效确切,与外科手术相比,既具有简便、损伤小、费用低、安全、微创等优点,又能达到与外科手术切除同样的效果。     

Endoscopic ultrasonographic features of gastric linitis plastica in fifty-five Chinese patients

The objective of this study was to investigate the endosonographic appearance of gastric linitis plastica(GLP) and to study the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) for the T and N staging of GLP.EUS examinations of 55 patients with histologically proven GLP were retrospectively studied.In all patients,EUS showed that lesions involved at least one-third of the circumference of the stomach.Based on the findings of the EUS,the 55 patients were divided into two groups.There were 32(58.2%) patients in the first group.EUS of this group showed that the five sonographic layers had disappeared and had been replaced by a hypoechogenic thickening of the gastric wall.There were 23(41.8%) patients in the second group.EUS of this group showed that the first three sonographic layers were blurred and thickened,and the fourth layer was significantly thickened.The full thickness of the gastric wall was significantly thicker in first than in the second group of patients(P<0.01).The incidence of perigastric lesions was significantly higher in the first than in the second group of patients(P<0.01).Results for the 15 patients following preoperative EUS were compared postoperatively with histopathologic findings for T and N staging.The overall diagnostic accuracy of the T stage was 73.3% and of the N stage was 60.0%.In eight patients,we used EUS to assess a therapeutic response.No response was observed in five patients and a partial response in three.EUS images of GLP are characteristic.EUS is helpful in diagnosing GLP and for assessing the T and N stages.     

Preoperative localization and minimally invasive management of primary hyperparathyroidism concomitant with thyroid disease

The coexistence of thyroid diseases with primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT） can present a challenge in the clinical diagnosis and management for these patients. This study aims to determine the frequency of coexisting thyroid gland lesions in a consecutive series patients with PHPT, and to analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Twenty-two cases of a total of 52 PHPT patients who had synchronous thyroid and parathyroid pathology were surgically managed in this study Thirteen patients had ipsilateral thyroid nodules, and 9 patients had thyroid nodules in contralateral or bilateral side. Seven patients underwent direct parathyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy via a mini-incision （about 3 cm）, while other 15 procedures were converted to Kocher incision. Seventeen nodular goiter （32.7%）, 2 thyroiditis （3.8%）, 2 thyroid adenoma （3.8%） and 1 thyroid carcinoma （1.9%） coexisting with parathyroid adenoma were pathologically diagnosed. The sensitivity of preoperative ultra- sonography （US） and methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile （MIBI） scintigraphy for parathyroid lesions was 63.6% and 85.7%; and the overall positive predictive values for MIBI and US were 100% and 95.5% respectively. A high incidence of thyroid diseases that coexisted with PHPT in literatures was briefly reviewed. Our study illustrated the need for clinical awareness of concomitant PHPT and thyroid disease. A combination of US, computed tomography （CT） and MIBI scintigraphy would be recommended for preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid adenoma and for evaluation of thyroid lesions. Synchronous treatment of associated thyroid abnormalities is desirable, and open minimally invasive surgical approach with additional resection of isolated ipsilateral thyroid nodules is possible in some of these patients.     

多方法序贯检查诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的临床价值

研究联合窄带成像技术(NBI)、Lugol氏液染色及超声微探头序贯检查对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。以378例经常规内镜观察有食管黏膜粗糙、糜烂、颜色异常等可疑病变患者为研究对象。可疑病灶先行NBI观察,再行Lugol氏液染色观察,最后行超声微探头扫描,结果发现452处病变。与NBI和Lugol氏液染色相比,常规内镜对早期食管癌及癌前病变较易漏诊。高级别上皮内瘤变均主要表现为NBI I级(71.3%)和Lugol氏液染色I级(82.0%),低级别上皮内瘤变主要表现为NBI和Lugol氏液染色Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。超声微探头对早期食管癌与术后组织病理学检查诊断符合率为82.4%。结果表明,联合Lugol氏液染色及NBI检查能提高早期食管癌及癌前病变的检出率,联合超声微探头检查可增加对早期癌及其浸润程度的判断。     

Experiences and benefits of positron emitted tomography-computed tomography （PET-CT） combined with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） in the diagnosis of Stage 1 sarcoidosis

Background： The purpose of this study was to describe our experiences and analyze the benefits of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） combined with positron emitted tomography （PET）-computed tomography （CT） in the diagnosis of patients with early （Stage 1） sarcoidosis. Methods： From 1995 to 2006, seven patients （two males, five females）, with ages ranging from 26 to 58 years, were impressed with Stage 1 sarcoidosis （mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes involvements without lung involvement） by histological examination of intrathoracic lymph nodes （LNs） and/or lung parenchyma taken＇from VATS biopsy. Three of them received PET or PET-CT evaluation. VATS was approached from the right and left side in one and six patients, respectively, according to the locations of their lesions. Results： All the VATS biopsied LNs or lung specimens were adequate for establishing diagnosis. Mediastinal LNs were taken from Groups 3, 4 in four, Group 7 in two, and Groups 5, 6 in one of them. Hilar LNs biopsies were performed in four cases. Lung biopsy was performed in all but two cases. All of them were expressed pathologically or radiologically as Stage 1 sarcoidosis. PET-CT revealed high emission signals over these affected LNs. These patients received oral steroid treatment or follow up only. All of them were followed up from 5 months to 11 years with satisfactory results. Conclusion： VATS biopsy is a minimally invasive, safe and effective procedure. It can be used as a diagnostic altermative of transbronchial lung biopsy （TBLB）, and can harvest larger and more areas of specimens than mediastinoscopy for staging patients with sarcoidosis. PET-CT can provide us more accurate information about the characteristics and localization of these lesions before biopsy. VATS combined with PET-CT can provide more accurate and earlier diagnosis of patients with unknown intrathoracic lesions, including the sarcoidosis.     

十二指肠外伤16例临床分析

目的探讨十二指肠外伤的早期诊断、手术方式及并发症的预防。方法回顾性分析我院1995年1月～2007年1月16例十二指肠外伤病例,对其外伤史、手术方式及预后情况加以分析总结。结果14例治愈,其中6例出现并发症,1例行十二指肠修补,术后因霉菌性败血症感染性休克抢救无效死亡,1例行胰头十二指肠切除术,术后因多脏器功能不全死亡。结论十二指肠损伤易造成漏诊,力争早期发现、早期手术,合理手术治疗直接影响患者的预后,同时术后需预防各种并发症的发生。     

Primary tuberculous infection of breast： experiences of surgical resection for aged patients and review of literature

Primary mammary tuberculosis is a rare entity that usually occurs in female of reproductive age. Herein three such patients including two males with ages over 80 years, who underwent surgical resection, are reported. Fine needle biopsy failed to achieve specific diagnosis before surgical operation. All of their conditions got satisfactory improvement and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was administered postoperatively. Previous literature related to the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment for mammary tuberculosis will be also reviewed. Mammary tuberculosis is usually related to breast feeding women and is extremely rare in aged man. The possible mechanisms resulting in this disease in our three patients, including direct extension, reactivation, or transmitted by staffs or peers of the nursing home, would also be discussed.     

骨旁脂肪瘤临床影像学表现与病理分析

目的:结合文献探讨骨旁脂肪瘤的命名、病因、临床病理表现和影像学特点.方法:将国内文献的15例一起列入临床资料分析,本病发生于任何年龄,成人多见,以四肢长管状骨为好发,右侧多于左侧,其次发生于扁平骨(骨盆、肩岬骨、肋骨)、不规则骨(腰椎、骶尾椎)、短管状骨和跗骨;本文22例术前均行X线摄片,7例行CT检查,2例行MRI检查.结果:本病临床误诊率为40.91%,X线误诊率27.27%,CT及MRI诊断率100%;22例均手术切除,病理报告为脂肪瘤,有2例低度恶变;随访2年5例,3年2例(包括恶变1例),4年2例,无一例复发.结论:骨旁脂肪瘤是最佳的命名,病因未明,但与遗传、先天因素、创伤和炎症因素有关;病理表现为带骨蒂的脂肪瘤,细胞学形态为脂肪组织;影像学具有特征性表现;包膜外边缘切除加基底部骨突切除是治疗和防止本病复发的可靠方法.     

40例慢性鼻窦炎功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗临床观察

目的观察应用功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法 2006年6月至2008年8月利用鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎40例。结果 40例患者中治愈28例,好转12例,效果满意。结论功能性鼻内窥镜手术微创,可视,手术边界清,减少损伤,彻底清除病变,疗效确切。今后应在功能性鼻内镜手术过程中向微创、无创精细程度上发展。     

Ultra-Cut biopsy guided by ultrasonography for liver lesions: experience of 392 clinical cases

We conducted a retrospective study of the accuracy of liver biopsies in 392 patients with liver lesions. Postbiopsy diagnosis was 297 cases of primary liver cancers, 79 cases of secondary malignant tumors, 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 10 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia, 2 cases of chronic inflammation, 1 tuberculosis case and 1 schistosomiasis case. Biopsy provided histological diagnosis in 100% of cases, sensibility and specificity of Ultra-Cut biopsy was 98.95% and 100% for the diagnosis of malignancy respectively; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 71.43%; and accuracy, 98.98%. We identified no major procedure related complications despite the presence of thrombocytopenia in 37.5% of cases. Pain was the only reported adverse effect of liver biopsy (10.97%), and 11 patients required analgesics. We concluded that Ultra-Cut liver biopsy was a safe and effective technique, and was invaluable in the investigation and management of patients with liver lesions.     

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the thyroid and lung: a case report and review of literature

Cancer metastasis to the thyroid is extremely rare. The more commonly reported primary sites for metastasis to the thyroid are the kidney, breast, lung, colon, esophagus, and uterus. Thyroid metastasis from the stomach has only been reported in three cases. Herein, we report a 71-year-old man presenting with bilateral thyroid multinodular lesions. Bilateral near-total thyroidectomy was performed due to airway compression with related symptoms. Wedge resection of a suspicious pulmonary nodule, detected on CT, was performed for diagnosis. Polypoid lesions in the stomach were examined by trans-scopic biopsy. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas with the same histological profiles were noted at these three sites. The immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin of these specimens was negative. We conclude that a new thyroid mass appearing in a patient with present or prior malignancies should raise the concern of metastatic disease.     

经翼点入路显微手术切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤

目的：探讨经翼点入路显微手术切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的方法及周围神经血管保护问题,提高蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤治疗效果。方法：采用显微神经外科技术,经常规翼点或扩大翼点入路,切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤。结果：按Simpson分级法评价肿瘤的切除程度：Ⅰ级切除5例,Ⅱ级切除5例,Ⅳ级切除4例。术后患者均每6个月进行随访,影像学提示未见肿瘤复发。结论：准确全面的术前评估、正确的手术方法、积极的术后治疗是提高蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤全切率、改善神经症状、减少术后并发症的关键。     

鼻内镜下上颌窦囊肿手术45例分析

分析鼻内镜手术技术治疗上颌窦囊肿的临床效果。方法对我科2005年6月—2009年6月收治的90例上颌窦囊肿患者根据入院顺序,随机分为鼻内镜组和对照组各45例,其中对照组行传统柯—陆氏上颌窦囊肿摘除术。观察比较两组手术的效果及术后并发症发生的情况。结果鼻内镜组的手术操作简单,术后反应小,并发症少,效果满意。经统计学处理,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05或P〈0.01。结论在治疗上颌窦囊肿中,鼻内镜手术摘除上颌窦囊肿是首选术式,值得临床推广和应用。     

高频电刀治疗宫颈病变效果观察

目的：了解环状电切术（LEEP）对宫颈疾病（包括炎症、宫颈癌前病变和早期宫颈癌）的诊冶作用。方法：回顾性分析经TCT、阴道镜诊断为宫颈鳞状上皮不典型增生（CIN）、不能明确意义的不典型鳞状上皮（ASCUS）、宫颈糜烂、宫颈肥大、宫颈肌瘤、息肉等共228例，行LEEP宫颈锥切，手术标本均送病理检查，观察手术时同、术中出血量、病人反应及疗效。结果：手术平均时间3min，术中平均出血7ml，患者无明显不适，术后病灶消失，阴道分泌物明显减少，无宫颈粘连或感染发生。结论：LEEP治疗具有手术时间短、出血少、疗效好、安全无副作用的特点，可取得完整病理标本，对治疗宫颈病变和早期诊断原位癌具有重要的临床价值。     

Surgical management of gastric stump cancer： a report of 37 cases

Objective: To observe the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric stump cancer (GSC) and evaluate the benefits of radical surgery of GSC. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival time of 37 GSC patients who underwent surgery were investigated retrospectively. The survival time was compared according to the type of surgical pTMN stage. Survival curves were traced by using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: Most GSC (32/37) was detected in patients who had received Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction after partial gastrectomy for benign gastric disease. The lesser curvature side and the suture line of anastomosis were the most frequent sites where GSC occurred (27/37). Differentiated adenocarcinoma was the dominant histopathological type (24/37). The postoperative 5-year survival rate of early stage GSC patients (n=9) was significantly higher than advanced stage GSC (n=12) (55.6% vs 16.5%, xL2=1 1.48, P＜0.01). Five-year survival rate of 21 GSC patients with radical resection were 75% (3/4) for stage Ⅰ, 60% (3/5) for stage Ⅱ, 14.2% (1/7) for stage Ⅲ, and 0% (0/5) for stage Ⅳ respectively.The median survival time of 21 GSC patients who underwent radical resection was longer than those undergoing palliative operation (43.0m vs 13.0m, xL2=36.31, P＜0.01), the median survival time of stage Ⅳ patients with radical resection was 23.8months. Conclusions: Without remote metastasis, radical resection for GSC is possible, and is an effective way to improve the prognosis of GSC. Even in stage Ⅳ GSC, radical resection can still prolong the survival time. It is necessary for the patients with benign gastric diseases who received partial gastrectomy to carry out the endoscopy follow-up, especially in patients with Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction procedure at 15-20 years.     

多途径彩色多普勒超声早期诊断异位妊娠100例临床分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断宫外孕的特征性依据,提高宫外孕诊断的准确性。方法对临床怀疑异位妊娠患者行多途径（经阴道或腹部）彩色多普勒超声探查子宫附件区域,并与血人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）检查结果比较,确诊宫外孕。结果 100例疑似宫外孕患者的超声检查中,5例因附件区未见异常包块未能确定。另95例均发现附件区包块,其中包块内实质性部分可检测到滋养血流信号57例,频谱为低阻力型;伴有不同程度的盆腹腔积液54例,双侧卵巢可同时显示85例。结论对疑似早期宫外孕的患者进行二维经阴经腹彩超检查,测量包块处滋养动脉血流频谱存在,同时测定血HCG阳性,可以早期诊断宫外孕。     

12例外阴上皮内瘤变患者的病理及临床分析

为了研究外阴上皮内瘤变患者的诊疗方法和进行疗效分析.总结厂12例VIN患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、HPV感染、病理、治疗方法复发等进行了分析,结果表明:12例VIN患者中,青年组(≤40岁)占41.7%,中老年组(>40岁)占58.3%。HPV感染占41.7%,在青年组和老年组中分别为53.3%、46.7%。12例患者均行手术治疗,局部扩大切除术为25.0%,单纯局部切除术为75.0%.可见,VIN在年轻妇女中的患病有增加趋势,可能与HPV感染有关.治疗宜个体化,手术可采用局部扩大切除或单纯局部切除,同时应强调定期随访.     

Granulomatous hypophysitis: two case reports and literature review

Granulomatous hypophysitis (GRH) is extremely rare and commonly presents with chronic inflammatory of the enlarged pituitary gland. In our study, 66-year-old and 57-year-old women, both Chinese, were diagnosed with GRH presenting preoperatively definite imageology characters as pituitary adenoma. The 66-year-old woman presented with a year of headache,half a year of gradual decrease of visual acuity, and one month of right ptosis. Serum prolactin level was slightly elevated.Screening computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed typical low density mass found on the enlarged sella, which demonstrated invasive extension from the sella to the right cavernous sinus by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with probable invasive pituitary adenoma. The other 57-year-old woman complained a light headache and had been previously treated as nonfunctional pituitary adenoma in other hospital. Finally these two patients underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery and were diagnosed with GRH according to postoperative histopathology. They then were treated with steroid. During the follow-up, the clinical symptoms such as headache, visual damage, and ptosis vanished, and the mass of the sellae dramatically shrank on repeated MR images. Clinically and radiologically, GRH is a rare sellar entity easily to be misdiagnosed as a pituitary adenoma. Trans-sphenoidal surgery can decompress the optical nerve or oculomotornerve as a therapeutic strategy, and support biopsy or further pathological diagnosis. However, the hormonal therapy should be emphasized both as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conservative and tentative steroid treatment should be performed in preoperative period without acute nerve damage.