基于综合野外实习的自然地理研究型课程体系建设

综合野外实习的自然地理研究型课程体系建设是高等师范院校加强对地理科学专业本科生创新能力、实践能力和研究型课程教学能力培养的有效方式。根据多年的自然地理学课程教学实践,提出了将实习区域由内陆山地、平原扩展到海岸带,增加海岸带自然地理研究性实习内容,各门自然地理学课程增加研究性教学内容,以研究报告、论文代替实习总结报告等自然地理研究型课程体系建设措施。     

论我国刑事被追诉人迅速审判权

刑事被追诉人迅速审判权作为刑事被追诉者的一项基本权利,已被大多数国家作为一项基本宪法权利予以确认和保护,反思我国相关刑事诉讼立法关于刑事被追诉人迅速审判权保护的不足以及相关制度的缺陷,建议在我国立法和司法实践中推进我国刑事被追诉人迅速审判权.     

经验模式分解的滤波器特性及其在故障检测中的应用

对经验模式分解(EMD,Empirical Mode Decomposition)的滤波器特性进行了研究.事实上,EMD的倍频程滤波器特性在几年前就被发现了,在此基础上,针对EMD滤波器的其他特性展开了研究.首先,对EMD滤波器的自适应特性展开了研究,其自适应特性除了表现为倍频程滤波器的形式,还有两个表现:其一是滤波器的上限频率随信号自身的上限频率而定,另一表现是每一个IMF滤波器的形式不仅与信号频率有关,还与信号的结构有关.利用EMD的自适应特性,建立了一种新的信号表示方法,与已有的EMD方法相比,该方法可以提供更多的关于信号的信息.还对该方法进行了相关的讨论.     

Developmental changes in endogenous control of attention: the role of target familiarity on infants' distraction latency

This study evaluated the interactive effects of endogenous and exogenous influences on infants' attention allocation by assessing the role of target familiarity on distraction latency during object exploration. In Experiment 1 (N = 54), infants' distraction latencies as they investigated both familiar toys (ones they previously had seen in a familiarization procedure) and novel toys (ones they had not seen in the familiarization procedure) were assessed longitudinally at 6.5 and 9 months of age. In Experiment 2 (N = 32), infants' distraction latencies were assessed at either 6.5 or 10 months as they investigated either familiar or novel targets. In both experiments, older infants, but not younger infants, exhibited longer latencies as they investigated novel toys as compared with their latencies as they investigated familiar toys. These results are discussed in terms of developmental changes in the interactive effects of endogenous and exogenous factors controlling attention allocation.     

残疾人社会经济地位的调查研究

本研究从社会学的角度,对某市残疾人的社会经济地位进行调查。结果显示:占被调查总体的66.4%的残疾人月收入低于居住市最低生活保障线。在所调查家庭的各项支出中,最大支出为吃的消费,但是,64.5%有子女的残疾人家庭把子女教育放在了家庭支出的首位。近60%的残疾人接受过初中及以上的教育,33.9%接受过职业培训。半数以上的残疾人处于无业或下岗状态。     

The effect of substantiated and unsubstantiated investigations of child maltreatment and subsequent adolescent health

Children with substantiated child maltreatment (CM) experience adverse health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether substantiation vs. an investigation not resulting in substantiation has a greater impact on subsequent adolescent health. Propensity scores were used to examine the effect of investigated reports on the subsequent health of 503 adolescent females. CM was categorized into three levels: 1) investigated and substantiated, 2) investigated but unsubstantiated, and 3) no investigation. Models using inverse propensity score weights estimated the effect of an investigation on subsequent teen motherhood, HIV-risk behaviors, drug use, and depressive symptoms. Females with any investigation, regardless of substantiation status, were more likely to become teen mothers, engage in HIV-risk behaviors, and use drugs compared to females with no investigated report. Substantiated CM was associated with depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of maintaining case records, regardless of substantiation, to better serve adolescents at risk for deleterious outcomes. Prospective methods and propensity scores bolster causal inference and highlight how interventions implemented following investigation are an important prevention opportunity.     

Kinds of Keys of student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness

Three substudies of effects of different formats on student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness were conducted. One substudy, Kinds of Keys, investigated three main kinds of keys: Agreement, Evaluation, and Needs Improvement. The second, NO TUP, investigated numbers of positive rating categories. The third, Item Wording Direction, investigated the same items worded positively, negatively, and neutrally, respectively. Practically important differences in level of ratings obtained in Kinds of Keys and practically and statistically significant differences obtained in NO TUP and Item Wording Direction. It was concluded that additional research is necessary to determine if apparent differences in teaching effectiveness are actually differences in teaching effectiveness or differences due to the methods of measurement.     

Efficiency of Targeted Multistage Calibration Designs Under Practical Constraints: A Simulation Study

Calibration of an item bank for computer adaptive testing requires substantial resources. In this study, we investigated whether the efficiency of calibration under the Rasch model could be enhanced by improving the match between item difficulty and student ability. We introduced targeted multistage calibration designs, a design type that considers ability‐related background variables and performance for assigning students to suitable items. Furthermore, we investigated whether uncertainty about item difficulty could impair the assembling of efficient designs. The results indicated that targeted multistage calibration designs were more efficient than ordinary targeted designs under optimal conditions. Limited knowledge about item difficulty reduced the efficiency of one of the two investigated targeted multistage calibration designs, whereas targeted designs were more robust.     

An Examination of College Students' Problem‐Solving Self‐Efficacy,Academic Self‐Efficacy,Motivation, Test Performance,and Expected Grade in Introductory‐Level Economics Courses

This study investigated whether self‐efficacy influenced students’ educational outcomes in introductory‐level economics courses. First, this study investigated the correlations between problem‐solving self‐efficacy, academic self‐efficacy, and motivation. Second, this study investigated whether problem‐solving and academic self‐efficacy served as predictors of students’ motivation, test performance, and expected grade. Correlational analyses suggest that problem‐solving and academic self‐efficacy are correlated with student motivation. Results show that problem‐solving self‐efficacy was a predictor of student motivation and test performance. Academic self‐efficacy and problem‐solving self‐efficacy were also predictors of their expected grade. Implications and future directions for economics education are also discussed.     

Better educational website interface design: the implications from gender-specific preferences in graduate students

This study investigated graduate students’ gender‐specific preferences for certain website interface design features, intending to generate useful information for instructors in choosing and for website designers in creating educational websites. The features investigated in this study included colour value, major navigation buttons placement, and navigation mode. In this study, 56 graduate students in a north‐eastern research university in the US volunteered to evaluate 30 pairs of web page screenshots or website prototypes, and to indicate on the questionnaires their preferences within each pair of prototype. Each participant's preferences for the three features were coded and categorised for chi‐square tests of independence to determine the relationships between gender and the investigated design features. The findings of gender effects on graduate students’ preferences for the aforementioned features were presented and discussed.     

Attraction to mobile and immobile conspecifics

Male and female laboratory rats invariably investigate a novel conspecific placed in their home cages. In Experiment 1, mature male rats were exposed in their home cages to active and inactive juvenile males. Inactive juveniles were pretreated with haloperidol to induce behavioral stasis in a normally upright, quadrupedal stance. In repeated daily observations, males exposed to active juveniles displayed significantly longer intervals of investigation than did males exposed to inactive juveniles. In Experiment 2, mature males and females were repeatedly exposed to active and inactive castrate females. Males investigated significantly longer than did females, active female castrates were investigated significantly longer than were inactive female castrates, and sex of subject interacted significantly with activity-nonactivity of the social stimulus animal. In Experiment 3, mature males and females were repeatedly exposed to active and inactive castrate males. Males investigated significantly longer than did females, active male castrates were investigated significantly longer than were inactive male castrates, and sex of subject interacted significantly with activity-nonactivity of the social stimulus animal. The results demonstrate that sexual dimorphism in persistence of social investigation may be interpreted as a sex difference in response to normal movement cues of a stimulus complex characterizing a conspecific.     

Random-Groups Equating with Samples of 50 to 400 Test Takers

Five methods for equating in a random groups design were investigated in a series of resampling studies with samples of 400, 200, 100, and 50 test takers. Six operational test forms, each taken by 9,000 or more test takers, were used as item pools to construct pairs of forms to be equated. The criterion equating was the direct equipercentile equating in the group of all test takers. Equating accuracy was indicated by the root-mean-squared deviation, over 1,000 replications, of the sample equatings from the criterion equating. The methods investigated were equipercentile equating of smoothed distributions, linear equating, mean equating, symmetric circle-arc equating, and simplified circle-arc equating. The circle-arc methods produced the most accurate results for all sample sizes investigated, particularly in the upper half of the score distribution. The difference in equating accuracy between the two circle-arc methods was negligible.     

Passion and motivation for studying: predicting academic engagement and burnout in university students

Research on the dualistic model of passion has investigated harmonious and obsessive passion in many domains. However, few studies have investigated passion for studying and the role passion for studying plays in student engagement and well‐being. The present study investigated the relationships between harmonious and obsessive passion for studying and academic engagement (vigour, dedication and absorption) and burnout (exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy) in 105 university students, controlling for the effects of autonomous and controlled motivation. Both harmonious and obsessive passion explained variance in academic engagement and burnout beyond autonomous and controlled motivation: harmonious passion predicted higher dedication and lower cynicism, obsessive passion predicted higher absorption, and both harmonious and obsessive passion predicted higher vigour and lower inefficacy. The findings suggest that passion for studying explains individual differences in students’ academic engagement and burnout beyond autonomous and controlled motivation and thus deserves more attention from educational psychology.     

桂花黄酮抗自由基及体内抗氧化作用研究

研究桂花黄酮抗自由基作用及体内抗氧化功能。通过测定桂花黄酮对羟自由基清除率和超氧阴离子自由基的抑制率实验,研究桂花黄酮的体外抗氧化作用;通过测定小鼠血清GSH-Px、SOD活性和MDA含量的变化,研究桂花黄酮体内抗氧化作用。结果表明,桂花黄酮可有效地清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基,桂花黄酮可显著增强小鼠血清GSH-Px、SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:桂花黄酮具有一定的体内外抗氧化作用。     

西南联大时期陈达对昆明工业和劳工问题的调查研究

在西南联大时期 ,陈达教授搜集国民党政府公布的劳工材料、报刊杂志等资料 ,并且亲自领导清华国情普查研究所在昆明对工厂和劳工问题进行实地调查研究。本文主要探讨陈达教授在西南联大时期对昆明工业和劳工问题的调查研究概况和成果     

SiO2负载磷钨酸催化合成丙酸苄酯

研究了SiO2负载磷钨酸催化合成丙酸苄酯的反应,考察了催化剂负载量、催化剂用量、苯甲醇／丙酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,SiO2负载磷钨酸是催化合成丙酸苄酯的良好催化剂,优化条件下,酯化收率达76.3％,催化剂可重复使用。     

When precedence sets a bad example for reform: conceptions and reliability of a questionable high stakes assessment practice in Norwegian universities

The validity of the Norwegian university grading standard has been called into serious question. The implicit standards used for assessing exams and the reliability of that understanding among examiners and psychology students were investigated in three studies. Studies 1 and 2 investigated the implicit standards that examiners used when assessing exams and the implicit standards that students presume examiners use in that process. Study 3 investigated how reliable expert examiners’ assessments actually are. The validity of the grading standards is challenged by findings that indicate that examiners and students shared similar but not identical conceptions of them, and tests of grader reliability revealed significant variance at critical thresholds. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to educational reforms currently going on in Norwegian higher education. The human cost of not completely reforming past practices is highlighted, and six concrete improvements are suggested.     

临沂市区主要园林植物害虫种类及其危害

通过调查、采集、室内饲养,对临沂市园林植物害虫进行了比较全面系统的调查。研究了园林植物主要害虫的危害性,特别是园林植物害虫对园林景观和城市环境的危害情况,为害虫防治提供了理论依据。共调查了主要园林植物50余种,鉴定出临沂园林植物害虫种类有100多种。并重点调查了部分发生较重的害虫的危害情况．     

重核强阻尼碰撞中巨复合体系的形成和衰变

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了重核强阻尼反应过程中巨复合体系的形成和衰变机制。计算了强阻尼反应^238U＋^238U和^232Th＋^250Cf的入射道动力学势、绝热势和密度冻结势并对它们进行了比较,我们发现动力学势与绝热势非常接近,相对于非常陡峭的密度冻结势来说,在弹靶接触位型阶段两者都变的比较平坦。正因为这种比较平坦的相互作用势使巨复合体系能够存活一定的时间。通过不同能量下反应体系的密度分布随时间的演化,从而得到每个反应事件形成巨复合体系的寿命,进一步给出复合体系的寿命分布和平均寿命的能量依赖关系。研究表明：选择合适的入射能量可以使强阻尼反应形成的复合体系有最长的寿命。在动量空间中,通过复合体系形变的各向异性作为入射能量的函数的研究,发现使形成的巨复合体系具有各向同性的动量分布所对应的能量是最佳入射能量的选择,它能使复合体系保持最长的寿命,这种情况最有利于正电子的产生。     

物理实验教学现状调查及教改思路

面对竞争激烈的二十一世纪,传统落后的物理实验教学方式有待改革.笔者以两个班(毕业班和试验班)为调查对象,对学生的能力和意愿进行了综合调查.依据调查结果,分析了物理实验的教学现状以及存在的问题,并提出了物理实验教学改革的思路.