细胞色素P450CYP81A6基因在水稻中的表达:组织特异性、蛋白质亚细胞定位以及对除草剂的响应(英文)

目的:分析CYP81A6基因在苯达松及甲磺隆处理下的诱导表达模式,解释该基因与两种除草剂代谢相关的可能原因。创新点:从两种除草剂降解途径中产生的小分子物质的结构相似性出发,通过基因诱导表达的特点分析,解释CYP81A6和两种除草剂降解相关的原因。方法:通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)来分析基因表达的特点;利用CYP81A6启动子与GUS报告基因构建的载体来分析组织特异性表达;通过亚细胞定位来确定CYP81A6发挥功能的场所。结论:CYP81A6基因受苯达松及甲磺隆诱导,在不同的时间点开始上调,说明了甲磺隆的降解中间产物可以诱导这个基因的表达;CYP81A6是组成型表达,在根、茎、叶中均有表达;亚细胞定位结果证明CYP81A6是一个内质网上的蛋白。     

一道关于微生物的实验题

1试题背景在微生物的各种基因突变中,抗性突变最为常见。对这种抗性产生的原因曾有很长一段时间的激烈争论。一种观点认为,突变是通过适应而发生的,即各种抗药性是由其环境诱发来的,突变的原因和突变的性状间是相应的,并认为这就是“定向变异”。另一种看法认为,基因突变是自发     

向日葵TiT—DNA转化系几个生理生化特性的研究

根癌农杆菌B6S3和T37菌株Ti质粒T-DNA基因(TiT-DNA)在向日葵基因组中的导入与表达,不仅使转化细胞产生特殊的基因产物,并且使之能将D-乳糖作为唯一碳源利用和对某些代谢类似物(BUdR)具有抗性,此外还影响宿主细胞一系列生理生化活动。在无激素和含激素两种培养条件下,向日葵TiT-DNA转化系与相应正常系在过氧化物酶的活性及其同工酶基因的表达、蛋白质的种类及比例、游离氨基酸库等均存在着较大的差异。在转化系内,有关冠瘿碱生物合成的前休氨基酸具有较高的代谢水平。     

天然维生素E对药物代谢影响的研究进展

最近研究表明天然维生素E能激活PXR受体,调控其下游靶基因CYP3A及MDR1的表达.而临床上50%的药物是通过CYP3A代谢,P-糖蛋白能转运大部分的抗生素,抗疟药,肿瘤化疗药物,CYP3A与P-糖蛋白底物及调控机制均相似,两者共同抵御外界化学物质进入细胞.在药物联合使用中天然维生素E很有可能影响其它药物代谢,产生药物相互作用.由P-糖蛋白或CYP3A代谢的药物与天然维生素E同时服用,可能会因为天然维生素E影响了CYP3A或P-糖蛋白的活性而产生药物相互作用.导致不良反应.     

安徽稻区马唐对噁唑酰草胺的抗性测定及防治药剂筛选

目的:明确安徽地区稻田马唐对噁唑酰草胺的抗性发生情况及其对不同类型除草剂的敏感性,为安徽地区稻田马唐的抗药性治理提供依据。方法:采用整株生物测定法测定采自安徽不同地区稻田的16个马唐种群(其中1个为敏感种群)对噁唑酰草胺的抗性水平,并筛选出抗性水平最高的种群,明确其对18种不同类型除草剂的敏感性。结果:共有8个种群对噁唑酰草胺产生抗药性(抗性指数为2.68～62.57),其中抗性种群MT-2对氰氟草酯、五氟磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸、双草醚、三唑磺草酮、双环磺草酮、氯氟吡啶酯、嘧啶肟草醚、噁草酮敏感性较低,对嗪吡嘧磺隆、丙草胺、丁草胺、莎稗磷、二甲戊灵、仲丁灵、禾草丹、双唑草腈、敌稗表现敏感。结论:安徽部分稻区马唐种群已对噁唑酰草胺产生不同程度的抗药性,且高抗种群对不同类型的除草剂敏感性差异较大。该结果可作为生产中稻田马唐抗性治理与化学防除的参考依据。     

昆虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶农药解毒与内源代谢研究进展

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（Glutathione S-transferase,GST）是生物体内重要的解毒酶系之一,广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中。目前有关昆虫GST的研究多集中在其对农药的抗性机制及代谢解毒方面,但深入的分子机制尚有待深入研究。本文结合国内外昆虫GST的最新研究成果以及课题组多年来对飞蝗GST的研究成果,着重从分子水平介绍昆虫GST基因对农药代谢解毒机制及其参与内源物质代谢机理的研究进展。对昆虫GST分子机制的研究,将有助于深化对昆虫GST的抗药性机制和生理功能的认识,发现新的分子靶标,为新型杀虫剂的研发和农林害虫的防治提供新思路。     

成都市2003届高中毕业班理科综合能力测试题

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共120分) 本卷共20题,每题6分,共120分。下列各题四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。 1.下列关于变异的叙述中,错误的是()。 A.害虫抗药性增强是农药定向选择使该变异积 累的结果     

人体内的乳酸(C_3H_6O_3)代谢

乳酸是人体代谢过程中的一种重要中间产物 ,它与糖代谢、脂类代谢、蛋白质代谢以及细胞内的能量代谢关系密切。本文从产生和消除这两个方面阐明它的代谢过程及其生物学意义。1　乳酸 (Ｃ3Ｈ6 Ｏ3)的产生人体内的乳酸源于葡萄糖 (Ｃ6Ｈ12 Ｏ6)和糖元的酵解过程。代谢过程十分复杂 ,需要众多的酶参与 ,这些酶都存在于细胞质基质中 ,因此 ,产生乳酸的场所是细胞质基质。具体过程可用如下反应式简单表示 :Ｃ6Ｈ12 Ｏ6酶 2Ｃ3 Ｈ6Ｏ3 + 2ＡＴＰＣ6Ｈ12 Ｏ6(单位 :糖元 ) 酶 2Ｃ3 Ｈ6Ｏ3 + 3ＡＴＰ糖酵解是细胞广泛存在的代谢途径 ,特别是在耗能较…     

植物抗病的物质代谢基础

植物在其与痛原物相互关系长期进化过程中,通过各种代谢途径在体内可以形成各种抵抗病原物有关的物质。这包括植物凝集素、富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白、胼胝质、类黄酮和萜类植保素、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶(chitinease)和1,3-β-葡聚糖酶、病程相关蛋白和水杨酸等等。寄主植物细胞壁在感染病原菌后的木质化作用-木质素含量的增加是寄主植物抗性反应的一种特性,为阻止病原菌的进一步侵染提供保护圈。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL),肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(CA4H)和4-香豆酸-CoA联结酶(4CL)是苯丙烷代谢途径的关键酶。这三个酶的活性在植物体内的变化与植物的抗病性存在一定的联系。水杨酸的Mr小,适宜于植物韧皮部中的长距离传输,被认为是植物诱导抗性的信号分子。     

CYP1A1多态性在上海人群中的分布

由于单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)在寻找致病基因，了解遗传多样性、环境与基因的相互作用方面有重大价值，SNPs研究已越来越多地引起了学术界和产业界的兴趣．CYP1A1编码的酶在烟草的主要几类前致癌物(如PAHs和芳香胺类物质)的代谢活化中有重要作用，其多态性与个体对环境相关的癌症的易感性密切相关．本研究采用PCR-RFLP技术在上海人群中，对CYP1Al的两个SNPs：CYP1A1 m1和m2进行了基因分型．结合其它已发表的数据，我们的研究表明，在中国人群的不同群体中，m1等位基因的频率分布比较一致，而m2等位基因的频率分布则存在着显著的不同．     

A systematic review on test anxiety in children and young people with learning difficulties

This systematic review explores test anxiety in children and young people (CYP) with learning difficulties. Research has found that students with learning difficulties experience higher levels of anxiety about school compared to peers without learning difficulties. One area of school that has had little research is test anxiety, therefore further exploration is needed. Nine papers resulted from the systematic search. It was found that CYP with learning difficulties can experience test anxiety. There are a variety of internal and external factors which have an interactional relationship with test anxiety. A model was developed to illustrate these factors including characteristics of tests, perceptions of support, self-belief and cognition and learning skills. This can be used to explore potential reasons for test anxiety in CYP with learning difficulties and to provide subsequent support.     

Chlorogenic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury: the involvement of CYP450 metabolic enzymes and some antioxidant signals

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4) activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase (Ephx) 2, and polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K (Polr2k), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.     

新疆和田县农村中小学汉语新课改教师阻抗因素研究简

众多因素影响着新课程的实施,但教师阻抗是影响、制约新课程实施和推进的重要因素之一。目前新疆和田县农村中小学汉语教师对课程改革的阻抗,已成为影响当地汉语课程改革深入发展的症结所在。和田县农村中小学汉语教师阻抗新课改的内因是由于教师专业素质低、教育观念保守、缺乏课改信念,外因则是由于领导不够重视、教学资源匮乏、教师工作压力大。要从激发课改意识、提高培训效果、设计课程模式、改善条件等方面消除教师的阻抗。     

The relationship between resistance to change and Romanian teachers’ attitude towards continuing education: the moderating role of conscientiousness

Previous research highlights that personal factors are more important than contextual factors in explaining teachers’ behaviours in relation to learning participation. The present study explores the relationship between two personal factors (dispositional resistance to change and teachers’ attitude towards continuing education) and the moderating role of conscientiousness on this relationship. The data have been gathered from 142 teachers from the field of special and public education, using three questionnaires: Revised Adult Attitudes Towards Continuing Education Scale, Resistance to Change Scale and IPIP-50. The main results show that, firstly, conscientiousness has a moderating role on the relationship between dispositional resistance to change and enjoyment of learning, and secondly, teachers in special education consider their continuing education as being more important than teachers in the regular system. Knowing this, we can predict and increase teachers’ participation in continuing education and can improve training design.     

白细胞介素-6与胰岛素抵抗分子机理研究进展

胰岛素抵抗是指胰岛素效应细胞不能对正常剂量的胰岛素产生相应的反应.研究表明胰岛素抵抗与慢性炎症相关,而且是导致II型糖尿病的主要原因.在分子水平上,胰岛素抵抗的发生与多种炎症因子相关,其中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）是最为关键的一个因子.主要由脂肪组织中分泌的IL-6进入肝细胞中使得IL-6浓度显著升高.IL-6则通过STAT3—SOCS3信号通路影响胰岛素受体信号通路的传导从而引起胰岛素抵抗.对胰岛素分子机制的理解有助于从分子水平上设计和发现治疗胰岛素抵抗药物或方法.     

心理治疗阻抗现象研究评述

阻抗是指来访者在心理治疗过程中表现出来的反抗性、不服从、不接受或不配合治疗、缺乏治疗动机等心理现象。阻抗产生的原因既可能是来访者自身的因素,也可能是治疗师的因素。精神分析理论、行为主义、人本主义和认知心理学对阻抗有着不同的解释。阻抗测量量表分为状态阻抗量表和特质阻抗量表两类。为了提高干预的有效性,治疗师在对来访者进行治疗时,应充分考虑其阻抗水平并以此为基础为来访者设计相应的干预计划。指导性干预对阻抗水平较低的来访者干预效果最好,而非指导性干预对阻抗水平较高的来访者效果最好。将来的研究应进一步完善阻抗测量工具和研究方法,深化阻抗成因和影响因素的理论研究。     

Educational psychologists’ practice: obtaining and representing young people’s views

ABSTRACT

Many studies have focused on the importance of the participation of children and young people (CYP) in their education, although fewer papers discuss the practical aspects of seeking their views and fewer again on representing them. A mixed method approach was used to collect information regarding educational psychologists’ (EPs’) practice in obtaining and representing CYP’s views. A questionnaire (n = 73) was used to gather data from local authority educational psychology services (EPSs) across Wales and eight participants who completed the questionnaire took part in an interview to explore their views in more depth. Using thematic analysis, the major themes constructed included “accessing a true representation of CYP’s views”, “gaining CYP’s views empowers them” and “child-centred practice”. The implications of the present study for the role of educational psychologists are discussed, together with future directions for research and the limitations of the present study.     

A systematic literature review of the ‘managed move’ process as an alternative to exclusion in UK schools

This paper reports the findings from a systematic review of research evidence on the use of managed moves as an alternative to exclusion in UK schools. The review begins by discussing the political landscape of school exclusion, the concept of managed moves and their use with children and young people (CYP) ‘at risk’ of permanent exclusion. During a systematic search nine papers were identified, reviewed and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. A synthesis of the literature identified the most prominent factors relevant to successful integration of pupils following a managed move using pupil, parent and LA staff perspectives. Despite the paucity of research on the topic, this report finds there are key features associated with successful transition during a managed move. Developing new relationships with both staff and peers is key for CYP, in order that a sense of belonging is created for them in their new environment. Further factors supporting successful reintegration are effective communication between all stakeholders and a personalised and pastoral support plan for the CYP. This review holds relevance for those working in schools who may encounter CYP at risk of exclusion during their practice.