Stimulation of thinking skills in high school students

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of the instruction method “thinking actively in an academic context (TAAC)” on thinking skills, creativity, self‐regulation and academic achievement. The design was pre‐test–intervention–post‐test with control group. The sample included 46 participants (aged 16 to 18 years), 24 experimental and 22 controls. Before and after application of the method, six instruments were used to measure thinking skills and academic achievement. The method, divided into eight stages, was followed in each didactic unit during an academic course. The method allows teaching the thinking skills, the creativity and the self‐regulation simultaneously with the syllabus content. The results showed that greater changes were obtained with the new method of instruction in all the dependent variables. Relevant scientific and educational implications are drawn from the study.     

An investigation on the scientific thinking ability of fourth year university students

This paper reports on a study which examined the ability of a sample of fourth year university students to think scientifically when presented with a range of chemical phenomena. The main data collection instrument was the clinical interview. Each subject was interviewed in-depth for about one hour on a one-to-one basis. Each interview was taped, transcribed verbatim and then analysed. Five familiar chemical reactions ere used as foci for discussion in the interviews. For each reaction, each interviewee was asked, among other things, to make predictions about the overall energy change involved, and to make explanations as to why the change took place, i.e., the driving force for the change. The results show that the majority of the interviewees were using perceptually dominated thinking rather than conceptually dominated thinking; at the same time, they were unable to use science concepts consistently across the five reactions. It can thus be inferred that they were unable to think scientifically. Reasons for the lack of scientific thinking ability are explored and suggestions on alleviation of the problem are offered.     

河北省中学生方术迷信调查报告

众所周知 ,方术迷信在我国有着悠久的历史 ,作为传统文化中的糟粕 ,其对社会所造成的影响或危害是十分巨大的。中学生正处于知识积累与世界观形成的关键时期 ,他们思想最为活跃 ,但需要正确引导。由于思想政治教育的教条僵化所产生的负面影响以及忽视科学普及等原因 ,在中学生中普遍存在着对超自然力量的信仰 ,以及基于这种迷信思想而产生的行为上的方术化。这次调查把中学生作为研究对象 ,其结果可以供有关部门在制定中学生科学普及工作计划时参考。     

Year 12 students’ attainment of scientific investigation skills

One of the main goals of science education is the development of scientific investigation skills (Bryce & Robertson, 1985; Woolnough & Allsop, 1985). This paper describes a practical test instrument developed to assess students’ attainment of skills associated with problem analysis and planning experiments, collecting information, organizing and interpreting information, and concluding. During administration of the test, students verbalized their thoughts as they worked on the task and their performance was videotaped for analysis. Preliminary results reveal important areas of student weakness and lead to recommendations for curriculum reform. Specializations: Science teacher education, development of problem-solving expertise, concept development and conceptual change, assessment of laboratory work. Specializations: Chemistry education, concept development and conceptual change, role of laboratory work.     

Individual differences in cognitive skills related to reading ability in the deaf

Deaf subjects who represented a wide range of reading abilities were tested on a number of factors including reliance on phonological recoding as well as several metacognitive abilities. The sample consisted of 19 high school students who were prelingually and profoundly deaf. Subjects were given a set of paper and pencil tests that included an assessment of phonological recoding ability as well as the measures designed by Baker (1984) to assess metacognitive skills in reading. Results indicated that deaf subjects demonstrated a significant degree of reliance on phonological recoding, but that individual differences in reliance on phonological recoding showed no relationship to reading skill (r = .02). Individual differences on the metacognition measures, however, showed a strong relationship to reading ability (r = .65, p less than .01). The implications for remedial instruction for deaf students are discussed.     

初中生父母教养方式的调查研究

为了解初中生父母教养方式的现状,我们对石家庄市城市、农村两所中学389位初中生进行了调查,结果发现：1．男女初中生的父母教养方式存在差异,初中男生更多地感受到惩罚严厉和过干涉过保护的消极父母教养方式,同时,也更多地感受到母亲的偏爱。2．城市和农村的父母教养方式也存在差异。3．化教育程度的差异是影响父母对子女教养方式的主要因素。     

00后高中生心理健康状况的调查研究

以辽宁省公立学校的18个班级选取了747名被试,其中男性303名,女性434名,采用了SCL-90。研究发现:(1)34%的高中生存在轻度心理健康问题。(2)高一高二学生在焦虑存在着显著性差异,高一明显高于高二。(3)高中生心理健康状况性别上存在显著差异。     

续写法对高中生英语写作能力影响的实证研究

续写法是由王初明教授提出的将阅读和写作结合起来的写作练习方法。本文从实证角度,以高中生作为实验对象,对续写法的效能进行了验证。证明了续写法的适用范围不只是大学生,这种写作方法对高中生英语写作能力的提高是有效的。     

Gender-related differences in reasoning skills and learning interests of junior high school students

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender-related differences in the relationship between the development of formal reasoning skills and learning interests during the early adolescent stage. For this purpose, 249 students, from seventh to ninth grade, were assessed for their level of mastery of formal reasoning skills by a test based on videotaped simple experiments. Learning interests were assessed by a written response to an open question. Results showed that adolescent boys develop patterns of formal reasoning before their girl classmates. In addition, boys tend to prefer science and technology subjects, while girls tend to prefer language, social studies, and humanities. Analysis of interactions showed that boys' tendency toward science and technology is positively correlated to their age and development of formal reasoning, while girls' tendency to the above subjects is positively related to their development of formal reasoning capacity, but inversely related to their age. Possible explanations to the above-described findings and suggestions for instructional modes that may increase girls' interest in science and technology are discussed.     

高中化学竞赛对高中生化学思维能力培养的影响

化学竞赛学习的过程就是思维能力得到培养的一个良好过程.通过发挥学生的主体作用,从而达到培养学生思维能力的目的.     

山西省贫困县高中学生英语词汇学习策略调查研究

以山西省贫困县172名高二学生为调查对象,采用问卷调查、访谈等工具,探究高中学生英语词汇学习观念与运用词汇学习策略的总体倾向。结果表明,高中学生普遍认为应该通过运用及上下文来学习记忆词汇而不是死记硬背;在习得词汇时,使用元认知策略和社会情感策略频率较低,而使用认知策略的频率较高。     

有关高中物理教学中强化学生学习能力的探讨

高中物理教育总是学生生涯中很重要的一步,怎样走好这一步、如何走这一步成为很多教学工作者的研究讨论目标。从教师和学生不同的身份考虑,实现这一目标应分别从这两者入手,学生和教师的关系本是相辅相成的,因而让教师来做这个火车头去引导学生,学生则成为车厢在教师的带领下跟着教师的节奏从自身去提炼出更好的自己。     

A cross-sectional study of mathematics achievement, estimation skills, and academic self-perception in students of varying ability

This study investigated students' mathematics achievement, estimation ability, use of estimation strategies, and academic self-perception. Students with learning disabilities (LD), average achievers, and intellectually gifted students (N = 135) in fourth, sixth, and eighth grade participated in the study. They were assessed to determine their mathematics achievement, ability to estimate discrete quantities, knowledge and use of estimation strategies, and perception of academic competence. The results indicated that the students with LD performed significantly lower than their peers on the math achievement measures, as expected, but viewed themselves to be as academically competent as the average achievers did. Students with LD and average achievers scored significantly lower than gifted students on all estimation measures, but they differed significantly from one another only on the estimation strategy use measure. Interestingly, even gifted students did not seem to have a well-developed understanding of estimation and, like the other students, did poorly on the first estimation measure. The accuracy of their estimates seemed to improve, however, when students were asked open-ended questions about the strategies they used to arrive at their estimates. Although students with LD did not differ from average achievers in their estimation accuracy, they used significantly fewer effective estimation strategies. Implications for instruction are discussed.     

Cognitive ability and cognitive style: finding a connection through resource use behavior

Instructional Science - The goal of this study was to investigate cognitive style (the visualizer–verbalizer dimension) and cognitive ability (spatial and verbal abilities) in terms of...     

一道考查学生能力的好题

2009年江苏省苏、锡、常、镇四市高三第二次调研考试物理卷中有这样一道选择题: 一个直角支架AOB,AO水平放置,表面粗糙,OB竖直向下,表面光滑,AO上套有小环P,OB上套有小环Q,两环的质量均为m,两环间由一根质量不计,不可伸长的细绳相连,用水平向右的作用力F使小环P匀速向右平动,在平动过程中,关于小环P所受的水平力F,OA对小环P的支持力NP及滑动摩擦力f的变化情况是:     

The effects of token reinforcement versus cognitive behavior modification on learning-disabled students' math skills

The effects of token reinforcement, cognitive behavior modification, and direct instruction on learning-disabled students' math skills were compared. Math skills were measured by 2-minute classroom timings of basic addition and subtraction problems, and the Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test. Treatment was provided to 94 students for 4 weeks in daily 1-hour sessions. Significant differential gain between treatment and direct instruction groups in achievement test scores was found, F(4, 182) = 4.03, p<.01. Token reinforcement and cognitive behavior modification were found to be equally effective. All three groups improved with 2-minute classroom timings, F(2, 91) = 8.53,p<.001. Retention of skills for both treatments was maintained over a 2-week no-treatment period. Teachers' social validity ratings indicated differences between the two treatments relative to student behaviors and teacher roles. It is concluded that token reinforcement and cognitive behavior modification are equally effective techniques to remediate learning-disabled students' math achievement, and both are superior to direct instruction in some cases.     

浅淡职高生创新能力的培养

社会发展需要创新,教育要先行,职教培养生产者,培养创新型人才。本文从几方面略谈了职高生创新能力的培养：①培养学生观察事物,多角度思维的能力;②培养学生创新思维,创新意识;③培养学生搜集资料,掌握信患的能力;④培养学生实践,动手创新操作技能。