Correction to: A Multi-Perspective Reflection on How Indigenous Knowledge and Related Ideas Can Improve Science Education for Sustainability

Science & Education - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00194-2     

How Historical Experiments Can Improve Scientific Knowledge and Science Education: The Cases of Boiling Water and Electrochemistry

I advance some novel arguments for the use of historical experiments in science education. After distinguishing three different types of historical experiments and their general purposes, I define complementary experiments, which can recover lost scientific knowledge and extend what has been recovered. Complementary experiments can help science education in four major ways: to enrich the factual basis of science teaching; to improve students?? understanding of the nature of science; to foster habits of original and critical inquiry; and to attract students to science through a renewed sense of wonder. I illustrate these claims with my own recent work in historical experiments, in which I reproduced anomalous variations in the boiling point of water reported 200 years ago, and carried out new experimental and theoretical work arising from the replication of some early electrochemical experiments.     

促进幼儿园科学教育深入开展的几点思考

幼儿园开展科学教育是适应时代发展的必然结果。为提高幼儿园科学教育的质量，必须从思想上提高认识，更新教育观念，加强幼儿园科学教育师资的培养，加快幼儿园的信息化建设，宣传和推广幼儿园科学教育资源方面的研究成果，为普遍提高幼儿园科学教育的水平服务。     

反思科学教育

20世纪我国科学教育存在三大问题：其一，唯科学主义的科学化观；其二，社会本位的科学教育观；其三，推崇“双基”的科学课程观。其原因是受西方唯科学主义思潮的影响和我国传统化对科学和科学教育的影响。这需要针对存在的问题，必进科学教育，更好地培养学生的科学素质。     

How Can Teaching Aids Improve the Quality of Mathematics Education

The interplay among and connections between objects (structured or unstructured), images, language and symbols that lead to mathematical reasoning and the stating of mathematical propositions of very wide generality is well worth closer study. I believe that the subtle distinction between the way mathematical ideas are constructed from objects and the particular characteristics of the objects is often not clear in many teachers' minds. In the plenary, with the help of colleagues, using practical examples and situations, I would like to explore the distinction between the mathematical ideas that are being discussed in classrooms and the objects that are used in helping with abstractions. The use of interactive technology in the creation of mathematical meanings will form an important part of my colleagues' contributions.     

How Pendulum Studies Can Promote Knowledge of the Nature of Science

This paper mentions the extent to which contemporary science curricula include knowledge of the nature of science as a goal of science instruction; it outlines the crucial role played by the pendulum in the achievements of the scientific revolution and documents how little these achievements are included in standard textbooks; it describes a number of classroom pendular experiments and activities that reproduce some of the main 17th centuary experiments and indicates how students can relive the original scientific, procedural and methodological debates; finally the paper suggests ways in which the pendulum can be used in cross-disciplinary teaching thus giving students a more authentic understanding of the way that science has developed in conjunction with mathematics, music, religion and commerce.     

现代教育观念的知识学反思

科学知识时代,世界各国的教育改革充分体现出经验理性(实证知识)的诉求,现代教育理念的正当性就是得自这种实证主义知识论的论证。建立在实证主义知识论基础上的现代社会教育正面临根本困境,教育的危机本质上是实证主义知识观的危机。在一个时代的教育观念中,必须同时具有信仰、理性和知识三个要素,教育不仅是传授知识,更要形成信仰、培养人的理性能力,要通过教育活动培养禀赋自由、尊严、自尊、个性和有创造力的生命个体。     

Integrating Western and Indigenous Knowledge Systems: The Basis for Effective Science Education in South Africa?

This article responds to a call for rethinking the science that we teach to school learners in South Africa. Much of the debate on the nature of science and science learning is reflected in a body of literature which analyses the tensions between disparate perspectives on science education. Post-colonialists, feminists, multiculturalists, sociologists of scientific knowledge and those who refer to themselves as indigenous researchers argue that science is not universal but locally and culturally produced. Universalists on the other hand, argue that modern Western science is superior to indigenous perspectives on the natural world because of the former’s advanced predictive and explanatory powers. The fact that indigenous knowledge has been included in South Africa’s recently developed National Curriculum Statements invites a fresh look at the kind of science that is taught to South African school learners. In this article the author argues for a (dis)position that moves the debate beyond the binary of Western science/indigenous knowledge. Ways in which Western science and indigenous knowledge might be integrated are explored.     

推进教育政策研究的若干思考

教育政策研究的理论和实践的进程,很大程度上取决于政策研究的科学化、民主化,以及政策研究成果的效益优化运用,归根到底取决于政策研究对满足教育改革和发展的理论和实践的客观需要的程度。文章就我国教育政策研究应确立的价值观念,阐述了推进教育政策研究的若干思考。     

论哲学与科学怎样可能

探讨哲学与科学怎样可能．实质上就是追问哲学与科学的惟一可能的基础和源泉．就是论证哲学与科学赖以存在的惟一可能的根据即本体依据．因而也是揭示哲学与科学的本质。按照唯物史观，人首先“必须能够生活”．然后才能研究哲学与科学。因此．人及其生活就是哲学与科学赖以存在的惟一可能的本体依据．因而也是哲学与科学的惟一本质。反之，只要离开人的存在．哲学与科学就会异化．就会神化。哲学与科学作为人脑的产物．本身就是人类智慧的结晶．就具有认识必然的自由本质。这就决定了哲学与科学的根本目的、根本价值和最高宗旨始终是为了人类的自由和解放。     

树立新的教育理念推进科学教育与人文教育的融合

本文站在时代高度，以新的教育理念出发，从三个方面系统深入阐述了科学教育与人文教育融合的必然性。     

人类教育认识的历史反思

教育认识领域的困惑不断地发生,直接影响着教育研究过程和教育学学科建设的进行。由于现实中的一切令人困惑的现象,其缘由往往在悠长的历史之中,因而,要释解许多困惑,回顾和反思教育认识演化的历史不失为一种明智之举。我们认为,人类教育认识经过了"事实化-自觉化-专门化-专业化"的基本历程,伴随着这一历史进程,教育认识的产品有"教育经验-教育思想-教育理论-教育学"这样一些存在形式。     

小学科学课程与可持续发展教育

教育是实现可持续发展的关键，可持续发展教育是伴随可持续发展战略而产生的教育新模式。在基础学科教学中应努力渗透可持续发展教育，而新一轮基础教育课程改革中诞生的小学科学课程是渗透可持续发展教育的重要领域。小学科学教师应具备可持续发展教育理念，挖掘可持续发展教育的素材，并运用不同的教学方法实施可持续发展教育。     

关于大学推进通识教育的思考

本文分析了当前通识教育实践中的割裂问题,探讨了通识教育的功能定位问题,提出了通识教育的基本价值追求.     

对我国图书馆学教育改革的思考

本文对我国图书馆学教育的现状进行了分析,并针对图书馆学教育改革应解决的问题提出了相应的改革策略。     

Embracing Social Sustainability in Design Education: A Reflection on a Case Study in Haiti

Sustainable design issues are complex and multi-faceted and need integration in the education of young designers. Current research recommends a holistic view based on problem-solving and inter-disciplinary work, yet few design educators have brought these ideas to their full consequence. Sustainability education for designers is still often rooted in environmental issues, providing incomplete understanding of the broader relationships at hand. The article reflects on a case study of a student-initiated multi-disciplinary design project in Haiti. This reflection allows for discussing a number of issues related to establishing an educational agenda for incorporating social sustainability in design education, including recommendations for how to address motivation, expected learning outcomes, and feedback and guidance.     

西方科学教育和人文教育融合的反思与启示

本文介绍了西方科学教育和人文教育关系的演变过程及两者融合的本质,通过反思从中得到启示,以期为我国中小学教育提供借鉴。