俄罗斯Chukchi半岛新生代碱性岩的形成和演化：熔体和流体包裹体证据

Melt and fluid inclusions were studied in the minerals of Cenozoic olivine melanephelinites from the Chukehi Peninsula, Russia. The rock contain several generations of olivine phenocrysts varying in composition at mg=0.88 - 0.77. The phenocrysts bear fluid and melt inclusions recording various stages of melt crystallization in volcanic conduits and shallow magma chambers. Primary fluid inclusions are CO2-dominated with a density of up to 0.93 g/cm^3. All fluid inclusions are partially leaked, which is indicated by haloes of tiny fluid bubbles around large fluid inclusions in minerals. Melt inclusions contain various daughter crystals, which were completely resorbed in thermometric experiments at about 1230~C. Assuming that this temperature corresponds to the entrapment conditions of the CO2 fluid inclusions, the minimum pressure of the beginning of magma degassing is estimated as 800MPa. Variations in the compositions of homogenized silicate melt inclusions indicate that olivine was the earliest crystalline phase followed by clinopyroxene, nepheline and orthoclase. This sequence is in agreement with the mineralogy of the rocks. The melts are strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements and volatiles （in addition to CO2 , high C1, F, and S contents were detected）. There are some differences between the compositions of melts trapped in minerals from different samples. Variations in SiO2 , FeO, and incompatible element contents are probably related to melt generations at various levels in a homogeneous mantle reservoir.     

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures. For aqueous fluids, the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature, but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions. This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits, which are frequently associated with CO2 rich and sometimes CH4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures. In contrast, aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling. Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate ＂prematurely＂ as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies, but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids. Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW, Australia, which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO2 content, show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

三塘湖盆地流体包裹体研究及其应用

通过镜下观察，并对流体包裹体岩相学特征、不同包裹体组合特征和显微测温等方面进行分析，可以确定不同产状内包裹体形成的先后关系，同时依据烃类包裹体特征可以分析储层的烃类组成、烃类充注史、古流体压力和古流体势。根据三塘湖盆地包裹体岩相学特征、组合类型以及与烃类包裹体伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度，不同微裂隙内的包裹体按照其产状可分为两类：网状微裂隙内捕获的包裹体和单向微裂隙内捕获的包裹体。根据不同产状内的包裹体特征，分析得出它们是由不同流体来源在不同时期捕获的。根据古地温演化趋势图，通过测温数据推算三塘湖盆地务湖凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚侏罗世，马朗凹陷内大量烃类包裹体被捕获的时间在晚白垩世。在计算包裹体流体势基础上做出古流体势图，显示各凹陷的北部较利于油气聚集，预测位于油气运聚路线上的马中构造带是有利油气聚集区。     

黄骅坳陷港西断裂带流体包裹体的地球化学特征

通过对黄骅坳陷港西断裂带奥陶系灰岩和新近系沙河街组砂岩中11个钻井的岩心包裹体的特征，均一温度和组分等方面的分析，对其所反映的气体来源，形成环境，油气演化以及地质意义进行研究。研究区的包裹体均为次生成因包裹体，气液比在5％～10％之间，根据激光拉曼光谱技术分析组分主要为H2O，CO4和CH4。利用均一温度，结合古地温和埋藏史，发现奥陶系灰岩和新近系沙河街组砂岩中包裹体中流体均捕获于新近纪。对氦同位素的分析发现包裹体中均有幔源氦的侵入．侵入的份额受到NE向港西断层和NWW向徐庄子断层的控制靠近断裂带的灰岩和砂岩中的包裹体含有还原性气体，由断层交汇中心向四周减少。包裹体中烷烃气的成熟度也与断层活动相关，具有从断层交汇中心向四周减小的相似特征。研究区内港西断层和徐庄子断层交汇处不仅是幔源气体上涌的有利通道，也是地热活动强烈的地区，有利于烷烃气的成熟。     

应用烃类流体包裹体GOI和成分研究凝析气藏成藏过程：以准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区为例

The Grains containing Oil Inclusions （GOI） data in currently gas/condensate-beating Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of Well Pen 5 （the Mosuowan area of central Junggar Basin, NW China） are generally greater than the empirical threshold line of 5%. This is consistent with the gas-condensate section originally containing a palaeo-oil column. In order to assess the origin of the oil trapped in the oil inclusion and its relationship to the free oil/gas-condensate, a detailed molecular geochemical study was carried out for correlation between the free and inclusion oils. The paleo oil is most likely sourced from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, which generated hydrocarbons primarily during Late Triassic and the oils were later secondarily altered and dysmigrated along faults likely during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. In contrast, the current reservoired oil/gas-condensate mainly derived from the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation, whose peak generation time last from Late Cretaceous even to the present. This paper showed that integrated oil-bearing fluid inclusion analyses have likely allowed a complex multi-phase charge history to be recognized and resolved with a high degree of confidence.     

柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦地区古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年

大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分，与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育。这些花岗岩具有两类不同的岩石地球化学特征，I类以Na20／K2O比值小于1、明显的负Eu异常和低sr、高Y为特征，具有S-型花岗岩的属性，Ⅱ类以Na2O／K2O比值大于1、弱负Eu异常到正Eu异常和高Sr、低Y为特征，具有I-型花岗岩的属性，反映了它们的源岩及成因上的差异。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明，大柴旦地区花岗岩的年龄可分为三组，第一组年龄为446.3±3.9Ma，第二组年龄分别为408.6±4.4Ma、403.3±3.8Ma、401.8±3Ma，第三组年龄分别为374.5±1.6Ma、372±2.1Ma。结合区域地质特征，我们认为，第一组年龄可能反映了柴达木陆块与中南祁连板块碰撞的时代，第二组年龄可能反映了深俯冲地下的板块由于拆沉而折返的时代，第三组年龄可能反映了碰撞隆起后造山带上不同块体之间的伸展、滑塌的时代。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床的石英、萤石和夕卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明，与成矿有关的包裹体主要有三类：富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。脉型钨矿床中石英包裹体均一温度范围为180℃-300℃，盐度O．88—6．45wt％NaCleqv；矽卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为190℃～300℃，盐度0．1～8．95wt％NaCleqv；成矿溶液的密度为0．81～0．89g／cm^3．表明形成这两种类型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体；成矿压力为120～160MPa，成矿深度约为7—9km，因此该矿床是在中高压力、中深成条件下形成的。激光拉曼探针分析表明，石英中包裹体的气相成分比石榴石中的更富含CH4、CO2和H2O等挥发份，说明流体是一种介于岩浆与热液之间的过渡性流体，具有上部偏液、下部偏浆的特点。由于该区自燕山期以来软流圈上隆，岩石圈经历了强烈的伸展、减薄作用和壳幔相互作用，而C-H还原性组分的增加，指示流体很可能来自于深部的地幔过渡带或者软流圈。     

西藏班公湖带多不杂超大型富金斑岩铜矿的高温高盐高氧化成矿流体：流体包裹体证据

多不杂富金斑岩铜矿床位于斑公湖-怒江缝合带北侧多不杂构造岩浆弧中,成矿与侵位于中侏罗统雁石坪群和早白垩统美日切组地层中的石英闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩有关.由于斑岩体的侵位,在岩体内及其围岩中形成强烈蚀变且分带明显,由含矿斑岩中心向外可划分出钾硅化带、中级泥化带、泥化带、伊利石-水白云母化-褐铁矿化带-角岩带或青磐岩化带（围岩是中基性火山岩时）.矿化为细脉-浸染状,含矿斑岩全岩矿化,少量矿化产于围岩中,成矿为铜-金组合,为典型的富金斑岩铜矿.初步识别出（1）钾化带中主要发育M型、EB型、A型及部分B型脉;（2）绿泥石化带（中级泥化带）中发育B型、C型、石英-绿泥石脉及S型、G型脉;（3）在粘土化带（泥化带）中主要发育C型脉、G型脉及S型细网脉;（4）在围岩中主要发育B型、C型、D型及G型细网脉以及碳酸盐脉、M型脉等.矿区范围内发育丰富的热液磁铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等,铜、金沉淀与热液磁铁矿的形成关系密切;矿石中主要为黄铜矿、少量斑铜矿和辉铜矿,而黄铁矿很少,总体上为黄铜矿＞斑铜矿,黄铜矿＞黄铁矿.在石英斑晶及各种脉系中识别出三个大类和十个亚类的流体包裹体.包裹体显微测温数据表明最高（达935℃、压力200MPa）的均一温度出现在石英斑晶中,这种由含不透明子矿物、简单多相、含硅酸盐子矿物、赤铁矿多相包裹体类型构成的具45%NaCleq盐度的多相包裹体可能代表本矿床最原始的成矿流体组成;这种成矿流体上升到3km左右、冷却到580℃左右发生沸腾,分离出超高盐度（60%～80%NaCl eq）流体包裹体和富气相包裹体,并导致大量磁铁矿的结晶和还原硫的释放,且伴随部分金属硫化物及部分金沉淀,形成早期的M、A型脉;随着温度的进一步降低和分离出的流体包裹体的聚集,在500℃～480℃之间、22～40MPa之间、深度约1.5km发生沸腾,大量释放出的硫与金属离子结合,导致了大量铜、金的沉淀,形成如B型脉等一系列脉系及浸染状的铜矿化.在450℃～400℃之间、压力20～32MPa之间、深度1.1km左右又发生了明显的沸腾事件,形成了如C型脉、S型等舍铜脉系.在370℃～200℃之间、压力5～30MPa之间,包裹体以液相包裹体和多相包裹体为主,其盐度变化较大,可能是由于岩浆流体的稀释作用或少量大气降水参与循环所致,形成了D型脉及面状硅化.我们的研究结果揭示多不杂富金斑岩铜矿是主要由直接从岩浆熔体中出溶（600℃～950℃）的具高氧化性、（超）高盐度的富合成矿元素的岩浆流体形成的,是斑岩矿床系列中正岩浆端元的典型代表.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷片钠铝石的碳氧同位素组成及流体来源探讨

作为胶结物或交代自生矿物,片钠铝石（分子式为NaAlCO3（OH）2）大量发育于海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统南屯组、大磨拐河组砂岩中.根据片钠铝石稳定同位素组成,探讨了片钠铝石中碳的来源.片钠铝石的δ^13C分布连续,其范围为-5.253‰～-1.210‰（PDB）,δ^18O分布范围为-24.896‰～-20.960‰（PDB）,考虑到海拉尔盆地探井中未钻遇碳酸盐地层,片钠铝石属岩浆成因碳酸盐范畴.结合与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13C值,含片钠铝石井和幔源CO2气井分布相吻合且位于燕山期花岗岩或附近的深大断裂带上,认为海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷岩浆活动-砂岩成岩（片钠铝石形成）-幔源CO2气成藏不论在物质成分上还是在时空上均具备较好的耦合关系,形成片钠铝石所需的CO2气为与燕山期岩浆作用有关的幔源CO2气,深大断裂是深部CO2气向上运移到浅部砂岩的主要通道,片钠铝石形成时因油气充注而介入少量生物成因碳.     

岩石物性对油气成藏过程的控制作用——以塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡为例

岩石物性能够影响和控制油气的运移和聚集过程.依据油藏物理模拟实验结果,我们认为塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡古油气藏自新近纪上新世末期（大约2.0Ma）至今经历了一次重要的油气动态调整过程,这一过程将该区域在此之前形成的油气藏进行了重要改造,形成了现今油气藏.该区域的古油气藏动态调整与输导层和储层岩石的孔隙度φ密切相关,当岩石的孔隙度φ≤10%时,构成油气运移和聚集中的阻挡边界,油气沿阻挡边界运移,形成构造圈闭和岩性圈闭的复合型油气藏,在麦盖提斜坡群5井以北区域有发育和形成大型油气藏的有利地质条件.