Almost everyman

The leading tragedian of mid‐Victorian England is re‐examined for importance in acting history; Kean reflected the transition from “old school” acting to a new realistic style in both “gentlemanly melodrama” and the classical repertory.     

Review Essay: Sustainable Scholarship and the Rhetoric of Medicine

The Preface to Confessions of an English Opium‐Eater constitutes a fine example of what Thomas De Quincey called style in its “ministerial” capacity. He achieved the ends of this style in two ways: first, he adopted a strategy of accommodation and challenge, whereby he accepted the reader's viewpoint only to undermine and replace it with another; second, his “licentious” style rehearsed the reader in the activity requisite to understand the difficult, involved text which followed.     

“闺秀派”的误读与“潜文本”分析--重评苏雪林早期文学创作

苏雪林凭借成名作《绿天》和《棘心》,赢得了“闺秀派女作家”的声誉,运用精神分析学说中“梦文本”与“潜文本”相关理论,指出苏雪林早期散文创作集《绿天》的伪“女性气质”。通过对《棘心》的创作意图、创作手法和美学风格的分析,指出苏雪林早期创作与“闺秀派”不仅相去甚远,而且呈现出阳刚、雄壮之气。     

President's Introduction: Religious Education for Peace and Justice

This article gives an overview of “practical theology” as an emerging paradigm, and discusses problems and possibilities in using the paradigm for religious education of “Generation X” in a postmodern context. The article posits that a postmodern sensibility does not imply the cognitive capacity for a truly postmodern style of meaning‐making. Drawing on Robert Kegan and the author's teaching experience with young adults, the article raises the caution that Generation X may not be prepared developmentally for postmodern educational approaches. Possibilities for using practical theological elements such as story, playfulness, and making connections are raised in relation to this age‐group.     

儒家“政者正也”思想辨析及其对师德师风建设的借鉴

学高为师,身正为范,师德是教师的灵魂。“政者正也”是孔子政治思想的核心观念,其“正人正己”“上行下效”“推己及人”的思想与当代教师师德师风的建设有异曲同工之妙。因而,通过对“政者正也”思想的辨析,挖掘儒家“政者正也”的思想精髓,为当下高校师德师风建设提供有益的借鉴,促使当代教师以德立身、立德树人。     

从《红楼梦》各题名顺序及风格看其史笔真实

《红楼梦》小说有多个题名,它们在《凡例》中出现的顺序与在第一回交代其由来时的顺序略有不同。《凡例》中的顺序暗含作者攻守回环的太极笔法,且各题名有着文白雅俗的风格差异,暗藏了褒贬态度。在各题名的关系中,作者以“红楼梦”总括全题,以“金陵十二钗”指涉真事,以“悼红轩”关合“红楼梦”和“金陵十二钗”,且以“曹雪芹于悼红轩中批阅”一事透露了隐于文本背后的创作本事。     

RECALL AND PRINTED‐WORD RECOGNITION OF RECENTLY‐TAUGHT EMOTIONALLY CHARGED WORDS AS COMPARED TO RECENTLY‐TAUGHT NEUTRAL WORDS

This study is an experimental test of the hypothesis that “emotionally charged” words will result in greater learning as measured by tests of “recall” and “printed‐word recognition” than words that are judged to be emotionally “neutral”.

Ten third‐grade subjects were pre‐tested on “printed‐word recognition” of ten words judged by two clinical psychologists to be “emotionally charged” and similarly pre‐tested on ten words judged to be emotionally “neutral.” After equal exposure to both “neutral” and “emotionally charged” words on four successive teaching days, subjects were post‐tested for “recall” and “printed‐word recognition” five days after the last teaching session.

The results strongly indicate for both the “recall” and “printed‐word recognition” that there is a significantly greater retention of the “emotionally charged” words over the “neutral” words. Despite the fact that a significantly greater number of “neutral” words was recognized in print at the outset of the study, the final performance level for “printed‐word recognition” for both the “emotionally charged” and “neutral” words is identical.

The major implications of the results obtained in this study is that the content of reading materials and the methods for teaching them must be revised so that reading deals with events, ideas, and feelings which are emotionally significant to the child, A personally relevant reading program will not only facilitate the task of learning to read, but will capture and explore the feelings and emotions of each child, as well.     

在“言”与“不言”之间:沦陷时期“万象闲话”生存的困境

在中国沦陷时期的特殊语境下,人们言说方式也具有特殊性。"万象闲话"在"言"与"不言"之间,通过隐喻、借古讽今和含沙射影等方式,寻求特殊时代可能的生存空间。其于"闲话"中所营造的"灰色世界"以及延续的"鲁迅风",打破了"民族文学"失语的现象,成为时代记忆的载体。     

陶渊明诗文中的“观看”及其意义

受“观物取象”与魏晋玄风的影响,陶渊明在诗文中表现出强烈的“观看”欲望,有意展现出“凝视”姿态。他对外面的风景无心观看,选择并聚焦于“旧居”“林园”“庭院”“田园”“白云”“飞鸟”等日常生活景物,故能摆脱玄虚困境,在“观看”中混融了主客体意识,对自然产生认同感,并形塑了作为“农夫”的自我形象,从而在思想上转向“新自然说”。     

“Losing Touch”: Teachers on teaching and learning

Teachers recruited to a cohort study in 1978 were interviewed to elicit their views on issues surrounding the education system and teaching profession. Qualitative data were derived from a semi‐structured interview and quantitative data included a self‐report measure of temperament and character. The findings highlight a “mismatch” between the characteristics or attributes of teachers and the shifting role of teachers to accommodate administrative and “social work” duties for which they have not been trained. This shift, in turn, takes them away from their core business of teaching. Furthermore, a common attribute of cooperativeness in this teaching cohort is more aligned with the teaching role which may explain teachers' frustration in having to accommodate an independent working style of administrator. Greater use of administrative support staff and counseling services to free teachers to do what they have been trained is more likely to reduce levels of work dissatisfaction. Mentoring of new graduates is more likely to buffer the stress as they make the transition from a learning to a teaching environment. A mentoring matrix is offered which features a bi‐directional exchange of “tried and true ideas” of experienced teachers and “new ideas” of new graduates.     

论辛弃疾“以文为词”对于元散曲的影响

"以文为词"历来受到词学家的重视,但多着眼于"以文为词"概念本身,就其对于其他文学形式的影响论及甚少。该文通过对于"以文为词"概念流变过程的梳理,将"以文为词"散文化的语言、议论化的手法结合音律上的可能性同散曲加以比照,认为散曲受到"以文为词"的影响,在散曲的表现手法、内容及多样性上起到积极作用。     

Children’s correspondence as a pedagogical tool in the Netherlands (1770–1850)

Correspondence can be studied as a social practice, letter writing being influenced by several cultural and social values and habits. In this article, letters to and from children of the Dutch elite from the period 1770–1850 are studied as results of a social and educational practice. Correspondence was used as a pedagogical instrument. Parents and other relatives instructed children how to write correct letters. They commented on style, tone and contents of children’s letters. Dutch elite parents wanted their children to write in a confidential tone, since they strove to be their children’s best friends. In practice, however, this confidentiality was limited. Children should not complain about their teachers in boarding school and their letters were sometimes read aloud to relatives or friends. The ideal style, taught to children, was the natural style. This did not mean that children were completely free to write what they wanted. “Natural” could be opposed to “artificial”, but could also mean “decent, as a bourgeois should” or “as a child”. The themes children were encouraged to write on were topics that testified to their moral and intellectual progress. Beneath the surface of confidentiality, childishness and naturalness, each parent revealed to value deference and neatness in style. By defining confidentiality, childishness and naturalness implicitly as “appropriate for polite society”, elite parents found a solution to the ambiguous bourgeois “pedagogic double ideal”, the tension between seeing the child as a free child and raising it to be a decent bourgeois citizen.     

论“二冯”“比兴”说的内涵及影响

作为“虞山诗派”“疑丞”的海虞“二冯”,创造性地阐释“比兴”之义,并将其与“温柔敦厚”的“诗教”传统融为一体,概括了诗歌“以比兴寄美刺”的体用本质。其“比兴”说虽有狭隘之嫌,却也深合我国古代的论诗传统,对清代诗词的创作和理论发展都产生了重要影响。     

Relational Analysis of College Science‐Major Students’ Epistemological Beliefs Toward Science and Conceptions of Learning Science

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest among educational researchers in exploring the relationships between learners’ epistemological beliefs and their conceptions of learning. This study was conducted to investigate these relationships particularly in the domain of science. The participants in this study included 407 Taiwanese college science‐major students. All of them responded to two major questionnaires, one assessing their scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) and the other one probing their conceptions of learning science (COLS). The SEB questionnaire included four factors: “certainty,” “source,” “development,” and “justification” of science knowledge. The COLS survey consisted of six factors in a hierarchical order, that is, learning science as “memorizing,” “preparing for tests,” “calculating and practicing,” “increasing one’s knowledge,” “application,” and “understanding and seeing in a new way.” The students’ confidence and interest toward learning science were also assessed by additional questionnaire items. Stepwise regression analyses, in general, showed coherence between students’ SEBs and their COLS, indicating that the sophistication of SEBs was consistent with less agreement with lower‐level COLS (such as “memorizing” and “preparing for tests”) as well as more agreement with higher‐level COLS (such as “understanding and seeing in a new way”). However, the SEB’s “justification” factor was positively related to almost all of COLS factors from the lower‐level to higher‐level. This study finally found that among all of the SEB and COLS factors, the “preparing for tests” factor in COLS was the solely significant variable for predicting students’ interest in science and confidence toward learning science.     

“另类”话语 ——论“另类”写作的“后现代”特征

当下，以对个体价值的极度尊崇，对主流文化拒斥，以及对日常庸众的蔑视形成的“另类”文学现象，表现出“另类”写作的“私人化写作”、“走向世俗”和“零度叙事”三个明显的“后现代”特征。     

论王昶词学理论的新变及其影响

乾隆中后期,王昶将“格调派”诗歌理论融入“浙派”词学理论当中,强调词的“醇雅”风格,淡化朱彝尊、厉鹗词学中的“骚雅”精神;强调人品对词品的影响,淡化遭际境遇对词人创作的影响。他的理论,体现了“温柔敦厚”的诗教传统和审美情趣,偏离了厉鹗词学抒写寒士悲情的基本特色,将“浙派”词学带到更加注重形式的道路上,是“浙西词派”走向衰落的重要标志。     

孙子“三伐”视角下的南海战略

《孙子兵法》提出的"上兵伐谋、其次伐交、其次伐兵"的战略思想自古以来就得到人们的赞许,"伐谋""伐交"是实现"不战而屈人之兵"的条件和途径,而"伐兵"则是实现这一最高战略的保证。近年来,南海问题不断升级,作为中国"核心利益"的南海问题的和平解决将对中国的和平发展产生深远影响。以孙子的"三伐"战略为视角探讨我国南海战略,以"上兵伐谋以争全胜"作为解决南海问题的最佳指导思想,处理好中美间的战略博弈;借鉴孙子"伐交"思想,做好南海问题上的外交斗争;做好"伐兵"的准备,全力维护我国在南海的领土主权。通过"三伐"并起,既宣示我国重视和平的良好意愿,又要宣示我国具有通过"伐兵"来维护国家主权的坚定意志,从而真正有效地遏制战争,维护我国南海的领土和主权。     

Nothing Human

In this essay C. C. Wharram argues that Terence's concept of translation as a form of “contamination” anticipates recent developments in philosophy, ecology, and translation studies. Placing these divergent fields of inquiry into dialogue enables us read Terence's well‐known statement “I am a human being — I deem nothing human alien to me” as a recognition of the significance of the “nothing human” for contemporary humanism. By recasting Terence's human/foreign pairing through Freud's concept of the uncanny, Wharram draws a parallel between a “nothing human” that is radically interior to the human subject and an exterior agency of “nothing human” described by actor‐network theory and object‐oriented ontology. Only through an “alien phenomenology” (a concept borrowed from Ian Bogost) dependent on metaphors and translations that are necessarily approximate (or “contaminated”) can we begin to approach this “nothing human.”     

于坚诗歌的“中庸之道”--从其诗歌走向说起

即将迎来甲子之年的于坚似乎终于找到了属于他自己诗歌的一种“方言”,形成了他自己诗歌的审美风格。在诗歌的语言上,于坚转变了先前的口语创作方式,有了文言气,旧文人气。文体上追求一种糅合,杂糅了新旧文体,想寻求一种融通。创造了一种诗的“方言”,只属于于坚的一种“诗的方言”。其中有雅有俗,不能一概而论。中国当代诗歌从书写集体之情到个人之情,从政治话语到个人话语,从整齐划一到天马行空,从亦步亦趋到“野怪黑乱”,又从“野怪黑乱”到“新的中庸之路”,这是中国当代诗歌发展史上的一次艺术“自觉”,而这次艺术自觉最终在于坚的诗中完成。