中国英语电视访谈节目的会话分析——基于《惊言堂》栏目数据的研究

目前,英语电视访谈节日在中国越来越受欢迎,它作为一种特殊的传播话语形式,显示出其混合了日常会话与机构话语的特点。由于访谈话语本质上是一种会话,通过会话分析理论分析了在中文语境下英语访谈节目的特点并期望借此有助于对这类节目的理解、欣赏及改进。     

We're playing Jeremy Kyle'! Television talk shows in the playground

This paper focuses on an episode of play in a primary school playground in England, which featured a group of children re-enacting elements of the television talk show The Jeremy Kyle Show. The episode is analysed in the light of work that has identified the key elements of the talk show genre and the children's play is examined in relation to conceptualisations of talk shows as cruelty-verité, carnivalesque spectacle and vehicles of social class anxiety. The paper explores the children's playful re-enactment not only as a parody of adult worlds, but also as a confirmation of the ‘ordinariness’ of everyday life. It is argued that in episodes such as these, the functions of play are multiple and complex, but include a desire to construct collective moral sensibilities and reinforce normative discourses relating to sexuality and what it means to be a ‘good citizen’. The paper identifies spaces of continuity and discontinuity in such traditions and suggests that in play which draws from contemporary media we see the reconstruction of traditional play themes, but can also trace newer elements that are closely related to the generic conventions of reality television.     

英语课堂教师话语的微观分析及其优化设计

本文通过会话分析法对遵义师范学院两堂《综合英语》课的录音片段进行了微观分析。研究发现在实际教学中,模糊的教师指令和教师的频繁回应会限制学生的课堂参与和语言输出．反之教师话语的及时补位和非模武化的会话结构可最大限度地鼓励学生的话语输出。     

Politics,media and youth: understanding political socialization via video production in secondary schools

Research on the lack of civic and political engagement on the part of today’s youth has relied on traditional, often quantitative, measures of political knowledge that may miss important elements of the process. Using an ethnographic approach with a group of inner‐city high school students, our study reveals a richer construction of students’ awareness of political issues, or political socialization than previously documented by conventional survey measures. Notably present is a sophisticated awareness of and identification with non‐news television formats which suggests that sources such as TV talk and reality shows may be important sources of political discourse and even civic engagement. Our study also supports the value of hands‐on media production projects for understanding youth political knowledge and awareness, suggesting an additional tool for political communication and civic engagement research.     

“大话”视野下的语言狂欢——网络作为媒介的民间语库效应

以电影《大话西游》为肇始的大话化是由网络兴起并借网络流行开来。互联网作为承栽化的新煤介，自身在技术以及信息传播方面的独特性与大话化的特殊结构和话语方式尤为契合．这种契合恰恰源于网络话语深层结构的民间性。研究互联网作为煤介如何作用于大话化的兴起、建构以及传播的动态过程，有助于理清大话化的民间语汇特性．由此深入理解网络语言本身具有怎样的民间色彩和话语规则。     

Lonely Courage,Commemorative Confrontation,and Communal Therapy: William James Remembers the Massachusetts 54th

On May 31, 1897, William James, one of America's most influential philosophers and psychologists, delivered the first civic oration of his career. The principal orator at the dedication of the Robert Gould Shaw memorial in Boston, James did what commemorative speakers are not supposed to do. He chose to be confrontational and divisive in a situation that called for exactly the opposite. Nevertheless, upon conclusion of his speech the audience erupted in applause, hailing his remarks as both unconventional and fitting. In this essay, I explore how James's speech could be both unconventional and fitting. I argue that his Shaw memorial oration demonstrates a style of commemorative discourse that is conflictual, even disruptive, yet capable of serving the ends of the epideictic tradition. As I show, James used his intellectual ethos as the nation's leading psychologist to construct a kind of communal therapy session, at the heart of which was the notion of “lonely courage.” With this strangely individualistic civic virtue, James turned his audience from spectators gazing upon the Shaw memorial to active participants in the memorial's meaning. Ultimately, his individualistic notion of civic virtue stands as an alternative to other forms of civic virtue and to the patterns of epideictic discourse that authorize them.     

Ethnicity and student identity in schools: an analysis of official and unofficial talk in multiethnic classrooms

The present study shows that power relations in classrooms between Dutch and immigrant students radically shift when students move from academic talk to more open, free talk. Whereas in their interactions with immigrant students, Dutch students are able to represent the more powerful role in the official, academic discourse, they lose this position in the unofficial, nonacademic discourse. These shifts show that ethnic relationships are played out differently in different discursive domains. They also show that academic identities do not exist as such but are specific to certain minority–majority relationships. This study builds upon a tradition of studies that have argued that ethnic minorities construct academic identities depending on the social setting. However, this study shows the instability of these constructions while demonstrating their dependency on specific ethnic interactions and discursive modes. The study is based on the analysis of interaction patterns in multiethnic classrooms in the Netherlands focussing on (a)symmetries in knowledge sharing. An ethnographic approach is combined with quantitative analyses to test group differences. The results are interpreted and discussed in the light of a poststructuralist view on how ethnic minority groups construct academic identities and how these are related to minority–majority relationships.     

平民话语权的回归——电视谈话节目中嘉宾角色分析

电视谈话节目作为广大电视受众喜闻乐见的电视节目一直备受业界的密切关注,但同时在谈话节目的类型和数量不断增长的时候,是否具有“平民意识”已经成为电视受众衡量节目的一个重要的标准。本文试以电视谈话节目发展的三个重要发展阶段中嘉宾角色的转变为研究范本,从而说明平民话语权的逐渐回归的历程,来引导今后电视谈话节目发展的趋势。     

电视访谈节目中的问句和权势关系——一项基于C-span中Q&A的研究

文章以批评性话语分析理论为理论基础,结合国内外学者对问句和权势关系的研究成果,通过对C-span中Q&A的2010年的6期节目进行分析,揭示了电视访谈节目中的问句与主持人和嘉宾之间的权势关系。     

试论凤凰卫视访谈节目的人文关怀——以《冷暖人生》《社会能见度》为例

改革开放以来,我国的社会环境发生了变化,一些人过于追求物质利益和感官刺激、轻视人文关怀。近几年,谈话节目在电视媒体中迅速发展起来,而在这之中,有一些节目缺乏对受众起码的尊重和人文关怀。凤凰卫视这一典型的华语媒体在"人文关怀"上做足了文章。本文通过剖析凤凰卫视两档节目,从节目理念、提问方式和语言交流、倾听技巧等方面较为系统地阐释访谈节目中应该怎样体现和把握人文关怀,希望对相关节目制作有一定的启发。     

初级汉语综合课教师话语的个案研究——基于两位汉语教师课堂话语语料的分析

采用课堂教学录像分析的方法 ,在获得校级汉语教学(初级综合课)一等奖的教师中随机选取两位教师的教学实录光盘作样本进行个案研究,分别从话语量、话语构成、教师提问、教师反馈和话语模式等方面对教师的课堂话语进行定量分析。结果显示:两位汉语教师课堂话语存在教师话语量比重低、讲解性话语少、操练性话语比例高、教师角色多元化、积极性反馈多以及有一些IRFR和IR[I1R1(I2R2)]F的话语结构模式等优点和长处,但也存在一些问题和不足。     

Exploring the relationship between dialogic teacher talk and students’ persuasive writing

Studies have documented the importance of dialogic classroom discourse for supporting academic outcomes such as reading comprehension and vocabulary development. This study examines the relationship between teacher talk during whole-classroom discussions in 42 classrooms and post-discussion persuasive essays from students in grades four through seven (n = 471). Teacher talk was coded by type of question (contestable, semi-open, or quiz-like) and teachers' follow-ups (prompting, pressing for reasoning, active listening), and further categorized as indicating either high or low levels of dialogic talk. Multilevel modeling that accounts for student participation rate, discussion topic, and students' demographic information shows that high dialogic teacher talk positively predicts students’ persuasive essay scores, while low dialogic teacher talk negatively predicts their scores. The study supports existing hypotheses about the role of teacher dialogic talk in whole-class settings.     

To Involve Parents in the Assessment of the Child in Parent–Teacher Conferences: A Case Study

This article explores the face-to-face interactions between parents and teachers in parent–teacher conferences in the Swedish preschool. The article highlights how the preschool teacher introduces the conference by using a specific artifact, so-called “strength cards” with words relating to characteristic behaviour and qualities. The theoretical framework is adopted from research of institutional talk and discourse analysis. The empirical material consists of two cases included in a larger study of parent–teacher conferences. The analysis reveals that the talk not only focuses on the assessment of the individual child but also is directed at the cards, the procedure, and the importance of parents being active and involved in learning the procedure. In addition, the cards are used by the teacher as a tool that governs parents towards becoming ‘good enough preschool parents’ who are cooperative and able to categorise and label their own children, that is, follow the institutional discourse. The analysis also shows that parents take control in order to overcome institutional barriers to parents’ involvement.     

以学生为中心的高职综合英语课堂会话分析

会话分析被认为是话语分析的一个重要部分,而课堂教学研究的一个重要分支是课堂会话分析。该文以中外学者会话分析研究理论为依据,通过描述性地研究高职英语专业综合英语教学中的典型的课堂会话,不仅仅限于对教师话语的分析,同时结合外语教学以学习者为中心,教师在教学过程中处于主导地位这一现代外语教学理念,探索高职综合英语课堂教师话语的适当性及其对促进课堂师生交流的意义,旨在为外语教学提供借鉴。     

网络视频资源对于高校电视专业学生的影响

目前,网络视频是高校学生接受电视信息和视频信息的主要媒介,也是学生课间最主要的娱乐方式之一。本文通过对电视专业学生网络视频资源利用和认识情况的调查和研究,认为在当下的媒介环境中,网络视频资源对于高校电视专业学生的影响,主要表现在以下几个方面:改变了传统视听观念,凸显了个体创新价值;架起网络传媒与传统电视的桥梁,推动电视事业的发展;肯定自我意识的张扬,重视青年独立话语的表达。网络视频资源的发展为大学电视专业的学习提供了物质条件上的便利,也给电视专业教育的发展提出了更高层面的挑战。     

从态度系统和互文性定位来分析一段对话的言语特色

本文运用评价系统下的态度子系统及互文性定位的理论,对截选自一档美国脱口秀节目Larry King Live节目中的一段对话进行分析,在这段对话语篇中,说话人如何通过评价资源去构建人际意义,如何在语言中体现赋值语义和个人立场,是本文所要解决的主要问题。     

Getting recognised: Teachers negotiating professional identities as learners through talk

This paper presents findings from a qualitative study on teachers' negotiation of professional identity through talk with colleagues at an urban, public, Midwestern school in the United States. The purpose of the research was to identify discourse strategies the teachers used to negotiate local significances for their professional identities. Analysis and findings demonstrate that the teachers made and recognised identity bids to accomplish the professional identity of teacher as learner, using a range of discourse strategies, including two genres of reflective talk. Implications for our understanding of teachers as knowledge-producers and how this can inform teacher education and education policy are considered.     

George W. Bush's post-September 11 rhetoric of covenant renewal: upholding the faith of the greatest generation

The appeal of Bush's post-September 11 discourse lies in its similarities with the Puritan rhetoric of covenant renewal by which ministers brought second- and third-generation Puritans into the church. Through this epideictic discourse, Bush implored younger Americans to uphold the national covenant of their “elders,” the World War II generation, through support of the war on terrorism, and he revitalized the faith of the older generation. Bush's covenant renewal rhetoric in the context of September 11 inaugurated him into the presidency. It also explains his predilection for unilateral and/or pre-emptive action and his call for acts of local community service.     

话语分析视角下的冲突话语研究

文章对话语分析视角下的冲突话语研究进行了分析和梳理。首先探讨了冲突话语的概念化问题,然后对冲突话语的引发、升级和结束机制进行了深入的述评,最后指出冲突话语研究语料缺失的方法论问题及未来研究方向。     

Inhabiting the ‘tragic gap’: pre-service teachers practicing racial literacy

Set in the context of a teacher education program, this study examined how three White pre-service teachers participate in book club discussions of children’s literature. We asked: When White pre-service teachers are in a context that enables talk about race, racism and anti-racism, what do they talk about? What conceptual and discursive tools do they use? We were guided by these questions, along with theoretical perspectives of racial literacy, multicultural discourses and a form of critical discourse analysis referred to as ‘positive discourse analysis’ or ‘reconstructive discourse analysis’. Our analysis illustrates that the participants held two questions, what constitutes racism and what makes a person a White ally, without firm resolution in the form and function of their talk. Their discourses illustrate that racial literacy involves what teachers say and also a willingness to stand in the space of indeterminacy, which may create space for new social positions. We argue for a continued theorization of critical discourse analysis alongside of racial literacy and multicultural discourses.