行政立法过程中公众参与的困境及纾解

修订后的《行政法规制定程序条例》和《规章制定程序条例》对公众参与行政立法的阶段、形式等作了进一步具体的规定，完善了公众参与行政立法制度。但在立法实践中，该制度并未完全体现其应有的价值，公众参与"走过场"现象泛化，参与过程趋于形式化。文章从"过程论"视角切入对公众参与行政立法困境进行纾解，首先将公众参与行政立法分为不同阶段，然后针对每一阶段存在的问题进行分析，提出在规范文本中应明确"采纳制度"和"反馈制度"，由此实现行政机关和公众之间的良性互动，提高公众参与的积极性，增强行政立法的民主性。     

公众参与环境保护制度立法若干缺陷及对策探析

我国的公众参与环境保护制度在现行立法上存在若干不完善之处：对＂公众＂的范围界定不清,没有将公众参与规定为公民的一项基本权利,立法重实体轻程序的现象明显。建议采取如下措施进行立法完善：在立法体例上进行专门立法;在立法实体内容上完善公民环境权,确定＂公众＂的概念和范围;在程序内容上,建立和完善公民参与环保事前监督程序,明确参与的方式、途径、救济措施以及相关的法律责任形式。     

公民有序参与地方立法的制约因素及解决

公民有序参与地方立法既是我国民主政治建设中的一项重要内容,也是我国地方民主政治发展所面临的重大课题.我国公民有序参与地方立法受到观念因素、体制因素及部门利益因素的制约.为推进公民有序参与地方立法建设进程,必须培植公民现代民主法治观念,加强地方立法机关内设专门机构建设,完善公民有序参与地方立法的程序机制,加快公民网络有序参与地方立法的制度建设.     

论完善行政立法中的民主程序

行政立法程序的重要价值追求是保障公众参与行政立法的民主权利,从而增强行政立法的合法有效性．但是当前我国行政立法中的民主程序仍然不够完善,导致了行政立法在实践中的两大问题：部门利益法制化和行政法规与规章的合法有效性受到削弱。因此必须完善行政立法各个环节中的民主程序。     

中国行政立法公众参与制度研究

建立行政立法的公众参与制度是世界各国有效控制行政立法权滥用、弥补其合法性欠缺的重要方式之一。在中国,同日益激增的行政立法数量、逐步增强的公民参与意识形成强烈反差的是,公众参与行政立法的程度严重不足,这与有关制度的不完善密切相关。本文在对中国行政立法公众参与制度状况进行了细致地分析的基础上,借鉴西方国家的成功制度经验,提出了适合中国具体国情的制度建议。     

我国公民参与公共政策探微

公共政策的内涵可以从静态与动态两个层面进行考察,它具有权威性、工具性、多样性等特点.我国公民参与公共政策的主要途径可以分为制度内途径与制度外途径.受到政治体制与经济体制改革滞后、法制建设不完善、决策主体缺乏民主参与、公民参与渠道很少、选举制度不完善、基层民主和政府的决策机制不完善、有组织参与程度低等因素的制约,我国公民在参与公共政策方面还存在一些问题,如普通公众多是着眼于个人利益、不能着眼于公共利益,公民整体文化素质不高等,都制约了公民在参与公共政策上作用的发挥,影响到我国政治生活的民主化进程.要推进我国公民参与公共政策,应从制度建设、拓宽公民参与渠道、进一步扩大基层直接民主、提高公民法治意识以及培养公民参与的能力等方面采取有效措施.     

行政立法动议权问题研究

我国行政立法程序的法制化还在许多方面都有进一步加强和完善的必要 ,尤其是公众对行政立法的参与的广度和深度还远远不够。借鉴世界各国的先进立法经验 ,我国的行政立法制度中应当赋予行政相对人立法动议权 ,扩大公众参与行政立法的广度和深度 ,增强对行政相对人权利的保护力度 ,提高行政立法的民主化程度。     

我国行政程序法典制定的意义和条件分析

法治政府的建设和依法行政战略的实现需要统一的行政程序法作保障.行政程序法典的制定有利于推进我国民主法治建设,是进一步完善社会主义市场经济制度的必然要求,能够提高行政程序立法的科学性,节约立法成本,提高国民的行政程序意识.从理论依据、宪法依据和现实准备来看,我国统一行政程序法制定的条件已经具备.     

我国公众参与行政立法的实践及制度完善

在我国,公众参与行政立法领域虽有很大进步,但因一系列历史、观念等原因的存在,我国公众参与行政立法的制度保障和救济不够完善、公众的积极性有待进一步提高。本文从公众参与行政立法实践出发,分析了当前我国公众参与行政立法所存在的问题,在借鉴国外优秀成果基础上,提出完善我国当前公众参与行政立法实践的具体措施,以期为我国的公众参与行政立法制度有效实施提供借鉴。     

行政立法程序的电子化挑战

电子信息技术在行政立法程序中的应用仅触及该技术的表面,尚未充分发挥其互动性潜力,但已对行政立法程序的三个主要目标,即形式性（司法审查性）、效率和参与,产生相当大的冲击。电子信息技术本身仅是一个工具,其成效取决于能否更好地促进行政立法程序目标的实现,使公众参与成为真正的民主实践。这就需要将电子信息技术与行政立法程序的制度设计相结合,最终在参与目标与行政机关必要的形式性之间达成适当的平衡。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.     

STORIES

正A One day a pig went to the stable(马棚)to see his good friend,an oldhorse,and was going to stay there forthenight.Night came and it was time forsleep.The pig went into the straw heap(稻草堆)and lay comfortably.A longtime passed,but the horse was stillstanding there and did not move.Thepig asked the horse why he did not go tosleep."Standing like this is the begin-ning ofsleeping,"answered the horse.     

巧妙引语(英文)

正1.Any fool can count the seeds in an apple.Only God can count all the apples in one seed.2.Happy families are all alike;every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.3.Memories are the key not to the past,but to the future.4.Sometimes in the dark you see what you want to see.5.There is a great difference between     

Information for Authors

正Scope and Policy The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition(JCQU-E)is a peerreviewed journal publishing research articles in multiple disciplines of science and technology,covering civil and environmental engineering,chemical engineering,biotechnology,mechanical and electrical engineering,computer and data processing,mining,metallurgy,materials science,and interdisciplines thereof.