A test of anxiety/uncertainty management theory: The intercultural adaptation context

Anxiety/Uncertainty Management theory, as formulated by Gudykunst and Hammer (1987a), proposes that intercultural adaptation outcomes are based on the two mediating dimensions of uncertainty reduction and anxiety reduction and sixteen secondary variables that systematically influence uncertainty and anxiety reduction. In this paper, the sixteen variables originally identified are categorized into four “fundamental factors”; (interpersonal saliencies, intergroup saliencies, communication message exchange, and host contact conditions). The present study examines this revised Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (AUM) theory of intercultural adaptation. A total of 291 international students at two universities in the United States participated in the study. The study found overall fit of the revised AUM theory vis‐a‐vis the two mediating factors of uncertainty and anxiety reduction, the importance of interpersonal saliencies for uncertainty reduction, and the importance of host contact conditions for facilitating feelings of comfort and reducing anxiety. Intergroup saliencies were significantly related to uncertainty reduction but not, contrary to expectation, to anxiety reduction. Communication message exchange (which consists of information gathering strategies and second language proficiency) was, again contrary to expectation, not significantly related to either uncertainty or anxiety reduction. Finally, cultural identity showed a small though significant negative relationship to intergroup saliencies, suggesting a stronger, ingroup identity was associated with increased uncertainty. The paper concludes by proffering explanations for the findings and suggestions for future research.     

不确定经济学对风险偏好的认识

西方经济学的经典理论主要分析了确定条件下市场配置资源的效率。但是,经济环境的一般特征具有不确定性,对不确定性的分析直接关系到经济学对经济现象本质的认识。此时,不确定性条件下的选择理论奠定了经济学分析方法的更为一般的个体行为基础。对风险偏好以及概率的分析是不确定性条件下选择理论的两个基本问题。本文试图说明风险偏好理论形成和发展的基本脉络,从风险偏好的角度说明不确定条件下选择理论的现代发展对期望效用理论的挑战。     

Climate Change Research Across Disciplines: The Value and Uses of Multidisciplinary Research Reviews for Technical Communication

The authors performed an interdisciplinary literature review of research on communication and climate change. The authors reviewed STEM, social science, and risk analysis journals to synthesize recent publications on climate change communication which could support research in technical communication. Several applications are proposed for technical communication research, including using this review to contextualize local qualitative work, to spur interdisciplinary projects and address gaps in multidisciplinary literature, and reconsider a role for advocacy in technical communication.     

Food Fights: Cookbook Rhetorics,Monolithic Constructions of Womanhood,and Field Narratives in Technical Communication

Field narratives that (re)classify technical genres as liberating for women risk supporting the notion that feminism is a completed project in technical communication scholarship. This article suggests that technical communicators reexamine the impact of past approaches to critical engagement at the intersections of gender studies and technical communication; cookbooks provide a material example. The authors illustrate how a feminist approach to cookbooks as technical/cultural artifacts can productively revise field narratives in technical communication.     

The influence of intercultural communication apprehension and socio‐communicative orientation on uncertainty reduction during initial cross‐cultural interaction

This study is an investigation of the influence of intercultural communication apprehension, socio‐communicative orientation, and uncertainty during initial cross‐cultural communication. Prior to interacting with unknown partners from another culture, participants completed measures of intercultural communication apprehension and socio‐communicative orientation. After interacting with their partners, participants completed measures of uncertainty. As predicted, intercultural communication apprehension was positively associated with uncertainty. Also as predicted intercultural communication apprehension was negatively correlated with socio‐communicative orientation. A third hypothesis, which was partially supported, posited that socio‐communicative orientation would be negatively correlated with uncertainty.     

我国食品安全风险评估机制的问题探析

食品安全事件的频繁发生,以及合理规制食品风险的需求,促使国家立法机关将食品安全风险评估机制纳入法律规范。然而,食品安全风险评估存在着不确定性和依附性等问题,可能会制约该机制的功能发挥。为解决上述问题,有必要引入公众参与、司法审查等外在制约机制,以提高食品安全风险评估结果的科学性和可接受性。     

基于不确定理论的一种风险度量和保费定价方法

风险与保险的研究与不确定性密切相关.本文基于不确定理论,提出了一种风险测度,研究了它的一些基本性质.由此得到了不确定环境下风险的一种保费定价方法,并给出了相应的算例.     

Toward a critical rhetoric of risk communication: Producing citizens and the role of technical communicators

In this article, we build on arguments in risk communication that the predominant linear risk communication models are problematic for their failure to consider audience and additional contextual issues. The “failure”; of these risk communication models has led, some scholars argue, to a number of ethical and communicative problems. We seek to extend the critique, arguing that “risk”; is socially constructed. The claim for the social construction of risk has significant implications for both risk communication and the roles of technical communicators in risk situations. We frame these implications as a “critical rhetoric”; of risk communication that (1) dissolves the separation of risk assessment from risk communication to locate epistemology within communicative processes; (2) foregrounds power in risk communication as a way to frame ethical audience involvement; (3) argues for the technical communicator as one possessing the research and writing skills necessary for the complex processes of constructing and communicating risk.     

刍议内部审计在组织风险管理中的功能

审计是国家经济社会运行的免疫系统,同样内部审计也是组织内部经济运行的免疫系统。在目前日趋不确定性的经济环境中,风险管理已经成为任何组织管理层的一项重要管理责任。现代内部审计的监督、评价、咨询、建议报告与防范功能的发挥将有助于组织对风险识别、风险评估和风险应对进行审查与评价,将风险控制在一个可以接受的水平,保证组织目标的实现。     

不确定环境下的几类保险理赔分布

投保者面对不同的风险事件时,选择合适的投保策略尤为重要.本文主要研究了在不确定环境下几类保险理赔的策略,其中包括免赔额保险,停止损失保验,限额保险和比例损失保险.并运用不确定理论的数学方法,得到了这几类保险理赔的不确定分布函数公式以及数值算例.     

The Effects of Communication Efficacy on Information-Seeking Following Events That Increase Uncertainty: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

This study examined how past information-seeking experience influences individuals’ information-seeking decision process following an event that increases uncertainty in close relationships. To examine this issue, a two-wave, cross-lagged, panel-design study was conducted, and outcome expectancy, communication efficacy, and information-seeking were measured at each time. Analyses revealed that communication efficacy mediates the link between outcome expectancies and information-seeking under the conditions of uncertainty. The results also suggest that communication efficacy and information-seeking impact each other cyclically. The findings of this research suggest that scholars should focus on people's information-seeking experience and communication efficacy when examining information-seeking following events that increase uncertainty in close relationships.     

论课程的不确定性与超越

新课程中的课程主体必须面对传统课程所缺乏的不确定性。我们不能简单地视之为危机和恐惧,它更多的是机遇。课程主体在改革中要树立新的课程改革观,在新课程的实践中超越不确定性,这可以从三个方面来实现,一是理解课程的生成性,转化不确定性为发展的机遇;二是把握综合化趋势,实现课程的分类与合作;三是挑战不确定性,鼓励有效的沟通和行动。     

校园网络场域下思想政治教育方法探索

校园网络场域作为信息的传播与交流的空间,为高校师生提供了诸多便利,是师生进行信息交流、表达意见、反映诉求以及释放压力的场所。然而,由于网络信息传播具有即时性、虚拟性、多向性、传播主体的不确定性等特点,使得高校思想政治教育面临着挑战。为此,有必要探索校园网络场域中思想政治教育的有效方法,以期更好地发挥思想政治教育的引导和教育作用。     

Developing and Testing the Anti-Drinking and Driving PSA

This study examines uncertainty in long-distance dating relationships (LDDRs) from two different perspectives. While uncertainty reduction theory (URT) posits that uncertainty could be problematic for LDDRs, uncertainty management theory (UMT) recognizes that evaluations of future possibilities should be considered before determining whether or not uncertainty is problematic. Results indicated that participants who were uncertain about ever living in the same city as their partners were significantly more distressed, less satisfied, and rated communication coping strategies as less helpful than those who felt more certain about reunion. Uncertainty was not as problematic when evaluations about the future were taken into account.     

Considerations for the Occasional Project Manager

Performance improvement professionals who occasionally manage projects can benefit from applying the discipline of project management. This article offers a checklist of proven techniques that lend themselves to most projects. Many techniques are applicable even in organizations lacking a project management culture. These techniques do not assume formal project management training. The checklist draws on common elements identified through a review and analysis of key sources that outline the ingredients for project success, such as communication, stakeholder engagement, executive support, and risk management.     

刑事再审理由的重构

我国现行刑事诉讼法对再审理由的规定具有非确定性，非理性化的缺点，致使实践中当事人间及其与法院之间对再审标准的认识时常不统卫，引起再审程序的混乱，本文从再审的正反作用入手，辨证地分析再审的特点和局限性，对现行再审理由进行一定的解构，并重构了我国的刑事再审理由。     

教学论:走进生活与超越现实

当代中国教学论的发展正面临着理论与实践两方面的困境。只有走进现实的教学,教学论所担负的指导实践与完善自身体系的任务才有可能完成。同时,只有把教学看做是教师和学生的特殊交往生活,以教学生活视角看待教学问题,尊重学生的发展,尊重教师的反思,教学论才能超越现实,实现真正意义上的科学化。并且,以生活的视角看待教学,将为未来教学论走向开放性、融合性和解放性提供契机。     

A systematic literature review of the ‘managed move’ process as an alternative to exclusion in UK schools

This paper reports the findings from a systematic review of research evidence on the use of managed moves as an alternative to exclusion in UK schools. The review begins by discussing the political landscape of school exclusion, the concept of managed moves and their use with children and young people (CYP) ‘at risk’ of permanent exclusion. During a systematic search nine papers were identified, reviewed and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. A synthesis of the literature identified the most prominent factors relevant to successful integration of pupils following a managed move using pupil, parent and LA staff perspectives. Despite the paucity of research on the topic, this report finds there are key features associated with successful transition during a managed move. Developing new relationships with both staff and peers is key for CYP, in order that a sense of belonging is created for them in their new environment. Further factors supporting successful reintegration are effective communication between all stakeholders and a personalised and pastoral support plan for the CYP. This review holds relevance for those working in schools who may encounter CYP at risk of exclusion during their practice.     

关联理论的交际认知心理及对翻译的指导作用

关联理论认为支配交际的原则为最佳关联,在交际过程中听话人倾向以最小的努力获得最佳语境效果,从信息加工论来看就是人们倾向于在长期记忆系统中以最小的努力找到与外界信息的最佳对应。从信息加工心理学(认知心理学)角度剖析关联理论交际观的认知操作过程,并以此指导翻译实践。     

宽容的博弈分析

在完全理性和有限理性假设下,利用博弈分析方法,分析了宽容在人类交往中的凸现和宽容在人群中的状态等。博弈分析结果显示,宽容是人类演化的必然选择,持宽容态度的人在人群中的比例会进一步增大。但宽容也可能被淹没,宽容的最大威胁是放纵。