苏轼与牡丹

宋代杰出学者苏轼 ( 1 0 3 6— 1 1 0 1 )。亦是我国古代牡丹研究颇有成就的先驱者之一。他的《牡丹记叙》和三十多首有真知灼见的牡丹诗 ,对我国牡丹研究的科学历史与文化作出了独特的贡献 ;证实了北宋中期我国东部牡丹的栽培、研究、育种和牡丹文化 ,均有较快的发展和较高的水平 ;杭州为其中心 ,品种数目逾百 ;杭州太守沈立 ( 1 0 0 7— 1 0 78)早在熙宁五年 ( 1 0 72 )、就已撰写出我国和世界上最早的大型牡丹专著《牡丹记》十卷     

中国宋代江南和两浙观赏牡丹的研究

中国江南和两浙地区古代有野生牡丹生存分布,引种栽培历史悠久.宋代不仅中原与蜀地,江南和两浙也是观赏牡丹栽培、发展的重要地区;先后以会稽、吴中、杭州为中心;牡丹的研究也颇受重视,出现的有关专著达7种;品种增长速度并不亚于中原和蜀地;品种达百数,起源途径具多元性;与洛阳、天彭不同的品种数目有60多个,花型花色丰富多彩,牡丹品种群已初步形成;北种南移、促控栽培、施肥、嫁接等种植技术已较成熟.     

关于我国魏晋南北朝时期牡丹的研究

魏晋南北朝时期我国有野生牡丹的生存、且分布区较广;在认识上已将牡丹从芍药中分出,并科学地确立了它的分类位置;野生种类已被人们采集作为药物,其适用病症与加工方法的研究亦有所发展;东晋南北朝时牡丹成为观赏植物并被引种栽培;其品种的初步分化,约出现在南北朝末期和隋代初期;牡丹原生中国,我国是世界上最早认识、利用、栽培牡丹、并培育出其观赏园艺品种的国家.     

我国元代观赏牡丹的再研究

对分散在古籍中有关记载的整理分析和综合研究的结果表明：在元代相对稳定繁荣的时期和地区,牡丹仍是元人喜爱的名花;栽培及于关中、中原、华北、华东等地,其中心业已转移到京畿;引种仍在继续;出现了一些新的牡丹谱录;对牡丹习性的认识和栽培技术,有所提高;不仅宋代的部分牡丹品种被保存、继承,而且还培育出了不少新品种;牡丹的应用也有所发展;元代在中国古代观赏牡丹栽培史上,乃是一个客观存在不可跳越和忽略的承前启后,有所发展的历史阶段。     

明代安徽书院的数量、分布特征及其原因分析

书院是中国古代一种特有的教育机构和学术研究场所。安徽书院经历了宋元时期的初步发展到清代的全面繁荣,明代是其发展的承上启下的重要过渡时期。本文以大量的文献资料为依据,首先详细考证了明代安徽书院的数量,并在此基础上分析了明代安徽书院的地域分布和时间分布特征,最后从徽商、宗族和学术流布等三个角度揭示了明代徽州书院发达的原因。对明代安徽书院的研究,将有助于安徽书院发展史和全国书院发展史研究的深入。     

我国元代牡丹品种和数目的研究

根据分散在宋、元、明时期的一些古籍中较可信的记载,经整理统计,元代约有牡丹品种194个,数目可观.虽然这仍是不完全的统计,但已足以表明:元时不仅部分宋代牡丹品种得到保存、继承,而且还出现了不少新品种;元代在其相对稳定繁荣的时期和地区,观赏牡丹的栽培、研究、育种等仍有所发展;元代乃是中国观赏牡丹栽培史上一个客观存在、不可跳越和忽略的承前启后的历史阶段.     

中国西南牡丹研究的先驱者陆游及其成就

2010年是南宋爱国诗人陆游逝世的800周年.陆游（1125—1210）是我国南宋杰出的文学家、史学家.陆游喜爱牡丹,《陆放翁全集》中有关的诗文达20多篇.他在中国牡丹研究史上占有独特的位置,其《天彭牡丹谱》（1178）,是我国现存南宋最重要的牡丹谱录,为我国和世界上现存最早的西南牡丹专著.陆游作为我国古代西南牡丹研究的先驱者,其有关著作具有多方面的科学与文化成就和深远的历史与现实意义.因此,陆游还是一名杰出的园艺学家.     

论北宋欧阳修园艺实践与著述的科学成就

欧阳修(1007-1072)不仅是我国宋代杰出的文学家、史学家,也是杰出的园艺学家.在《欧阳修全集》中有多篇有关宋代园艺的著述,说明他热衷园艺,是我国古代亲自从事园林植物引种、栽培、园林调查与设置实践的卓越研究者,取得了多方面的科学成就.其代表作《洛阳牡丹记》是我国和世界上现存最早的牡丹专著;而与他密切有关的醉翁亭、丰乐亭、平山堂、沧浪亭等,至今仍是我国人民喜爱、并受到国家保护的著名风景园林、名胜古迹.欧阳修作为宋代的园艺学家,也当之无愧的名垂青史,百世流芳.     

国内牡丹引种栽培研究

通过国内牡丹引种栽培及相关研究的综述,总结了牡丹在南移北进中的栽培技术及适合各地栽培的牡丹品种,并指出目前在牡丹引种工作中存在的问题及解决对策,     

胡钟达先生与明代蒙古史研究

胡钟达先生是我国著名的世界古代史专家,生前曾任中国世界古代史研究会会长。他在世界古代史、古代社会经济形态方面所取得的成就,是学界所公认的。不仅如此,他还曾涉足蒙古史研究,尽管其明代蒙古史领域发表的论著数量有限,但产生了重要影响,在胡钟达先生逝世五周年之际,我们讨论他在明代蒙古史领域的建树,以表达对先生的怀念。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.