The role of sport in community capacity building: An examination of sport for development research and practice

Population health promotion and preventing disease remain important global policy goals. Because of the complex nature of health, and the recognition of the limits of individual-oriented health promotion strategies, recent decades have seen increased interest by public health researchers and practitioners in community-level approaches to health promotion. Increasingly, community-level approaches have been based upon the theoretical concept of community capacity. Community capacity is seen as a critical mechanism for supporting and promoting community-level health and through the sport for development (SFD) model, there is evidence of sport being an important practice for community development. However, little is known about the potential role of sport as a mechanism for building community capacity. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the efficacy of sport to contribute to the process of community capacity building. Using seven established dimensions of community capacity, there is evidence that many SFD practices can effectively facilitate dimensions of community capacity when conducted in intentional, culturally relevant ways. Specifically, sport has demonstrated efficacy in building local skills, knowledge, and resources, increasing social cohesion, facilitating structures and mechanisms for community dialog, leadership development, and encouraging civic participation. More research is needed to understand sport's ability to promote capacity building through collective action, developing value systems that support democracy and inclusion, and encouraging critical reflection. To increase the usefulness of sport to support community health development, SFD principles should be included as part of sport management university curricula. Additionally, practitioners need grounding in community and human development research to support non-sport components of programs. Finally, participatory action research techniques should be used by researchers and practitioners. Sport-based development often generates high interest from residents, funders, and policy makers. By applying principles of community capacity building, sport may be uniquely positioned to enhance sustainable community health development initiatives.     

Analyzing the impact of sport infrastructure on sport participation using geo-coded data: Evidence from multi-level models

Sport policies aiming at increasing mass participation and club participation have stressed the importance of sport infrastructure. Previous research has mainly analyzed the influence of individual factors (age, income, etc.) on sport participation. Although a few studies have dealt with the impact of sport facilities on sport participation, some methodological shortcomings can be observed regarding the integration of sport infrastructure into the research design. Oftentimes, subjective measures of infrastructure are employed, leading to biased results, for example inactive people have a worse perception of the actual supply of facilities. In fact it is important to measure the available sport infrastructure objectively using a quantitative approach and integrate it into statistical models. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of individual and infrastructure variables on sport participation in general and in sport clubs using geo-coded data following a multi-level design. For this purpose, both primary data (individual level) and secondary data (infrastructure level) were collected in the city of Munich, Germany. A telephone survey of the resident population was carried out (n = 11,175) and secondary data on the available sport infrastructure in Munich were collected. Both datasets were geo-coded using Gauss–Krueger coordinates and integrated into multi-level analyses. The multi-level models show that swimming pools are of particular importance for sport participation in general and sport fields for participation in sport clubs. Challenges and implications for a more holistic modeling of sport participation including infrastructure variables are discussed.     

Sport education and extracurricular sport participation: an examination using the trans-contextual model of motivation

In this study, we used the trans-contextual model of motivation (TCM) to examine the effect of Sport Education (SE) on students' participation in a voluntary lunch recess sport club. A total of 192 participants (ages 9-14 years) completed measures of the TCM constructs before and after a 12-week SE intervention period. Participants had the opportunity to participate in weekly, voluntary lunch recess sport club sessions during the intervention period. SE elicited a moderate increase in autonomous motives in physical education. The TCM accounted for a significant proportion of the explained variance in lunch recess sport club intention and participation. Autonomy-supportive curricular models, such as SE, may have the potential to facilitate transfer of motivation and participation in physical activity from a physical education to an extracurricular context.     

我国体育市场发展的路径选择研究

随着社会经济的发展,我国体育市场要想更好地适应市场经济发展形势,在社会经济发展中发挥更加重要的作用,需要进一步厘清当前体育市场发展所面临的问题.研究通过对我国体育市场发展路径选择的机理分析和体育市场发展的制度变迁方式选择的分析,提出了我国体育市场发展的合理选择路径.     

我国体育产业债券市场融资研究

现阶段我国体育产业融资渠道狭窄,只是停留在体育彩票、封闭式体育基金、体育广告费和体育赞助费上,债券融资、股票融资等资本市场融资手段在我国体育产业的融资渠道中几乎是一片空白.从我国体育产业的长远发展来看,建立和发展我国体育产业债券市场融资体系对我国体育产业的发展具有重要的现实意义.     

我国体育经济本科专业人才培养与社会需求预期研究

运用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料、统计等方法,围绕我国体育经济本科专业人才培养现状与社会需求展开研究.结果显示:体育经济本科专业人才培养规模远小于需求规模,社会需求仍将呈增加趋势;人才培养的质量尚好;总体看,专任教师数量不足且整体素质有待提高、教学实践环节薄弱以及图书资料不能满足需要等是影响人才培养质量的主要因素.针对存在的问题,提出了相关的建议.     

现阶段极限运动休闲的需求模型

极限运动以其娱乐性、刺激性、挑战性、崇尚自然和大众化的特点迅速发展,成为现代人的新型休闲方式.针对目前影响和制约极限运动休闲需求的诸多因素,选取参与度与休闲成本两因素建立极限运动休闲需求模型,以典型极限运动休闲地山东徂徕山国家森林公园作为研究对象,在通过问卷调查获得数据的基础上,采用SPSS统计学工具和灰色关联度排序证明进行分析,结果显示:参与度和休闲成本是影响极限运动休闲需求的最大因素,极限运动休闲需求模型具有一定合理性和可行性.     

广东省体育健身娱乐市场现状

从体育健身娱乐市场的供方、需方及市场管理等方面较为系统地分析了广东省体育健身娱乐市场的现状.结果显示:目前广东省体育健身娱乐企业以民营个体投资经营为主,规模小、单一项目的专业性经营企业居多;从业人员的整体素质偏低,缺乏高水平、高素质的专业教练,及既懂体育又精通经营管理的专业人才;硬件设施投入多,但健身器材和设备的安全性不高,消费环境认同度不高;居民体育消费意识较强,但体育健身娱乐消费有限;行政管理及监督机制不完善,企业自身经营管理缺乏长期性、稳定性,特色不明显等.     

A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives,spectator commitment,and behavioral intentions

The concept of commitment in sport marketing has largely been regarded as unidimensional. In the broader study of organizational behavior, commitment has been studied as a multidimensional construct. The multiple dimensions of commitment construe that one's behavior can be conveyed by different psychological states, comparable to those found to characterize different forms of commitment. The multidimensional perspective appears to yield more detailed and relevant information regarding a consumer's commitment in predicting specific behaviors. In past decades, a variety of researchers in organizational psychology and organizational behavior have investigated the relationship between motivation and commitment in order to better understand the two processes and their impact on behavior. However, there have been few attempts to integrate the two domains in order to demonstrate how motives and commitment combine to influence sport consumer behavior. Accordingly, a model of commitment and its relationship to sport consumer motives (i.e., antecedent) and behavioral intentions (i.e., consequence) is proposed.     

A study on tourist demand for Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals as ancient Iranian sport

ABSTRACT

Nowadays sports, especially ancient sports, play an important role in promoting tourism. In recent decades, ancient Iranian Sport, especially Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals as creative cultural products, attract many tourists to destinations and are well known as tourist attractions in Iran. Hence, the aims of this paper, which was conducted in the city of Isfahan, are: (1) to investigate the attitude of domestic tourists towards Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals in Isfahan city; (2) to measure tourists’ awareness of Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage (ICH); and (3) to determine the priority given to attractions and activities around Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals from the domestic tourists’ perspective. On the basis of the results of this study, it can be concluded that domestic tourists are interested in gaining experience and increasing their knowledge of Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals. However, the level of awareness of these ancient sports among domestic tourists in the city of Isfahan is low. The results also illustrated that among the activities, visiting Zoorkhānehes in Isfahan, participating in Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei events and observing the live play of Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals have high priority from the tourists’ perspective.     

对湖南省体育高考排球专项考生的调查分析

运用访谈法、数理统计法、问卷调查法,对参加2006年湖南省体育高考排球专项的487名考生进行调查与分析,了解湖南省体育高考排球专项考生的现状,并提出了对策,以期为湖南省体育招生考试提供有益参考。     

新时期“体教结合”的现实需要与长远发展

“体教结合”经过多年的探索与实践,取得了一定成绩,新时期仍面临着很多问题。加强和完善“体教结合”的管理机制,加强学校体育,改革竞赛制度,转移高校高水平运动队招生重心,才能保证“体教结合”的长远发展,培养更多优秀体育后备人才。     

新时期"体教结合"的现实需要与长远发展

"体教结合"经过多年的探索与实践,取得了一定成绩,新时期仍面临着很多问题.加强和完善"体教结合"的管理机制,加强学校体育,改革竞赛制度,转移高校高水平运动队招生重心,才能保证"体教结合"的长远发展,培养更多优秀体育后备人才.     

我国职业足球市场的供求关系

采用献资料和逻辑推理的方法，从经济学和社会学角度出发，对我国职业足球的市场泡沫现象进行了探讨，分析了职业足球的供求关系和各种需求因素。结果表明：供求关系的严重失衡是足球市场泡沫产生的主要原因，只有扩大供给，才是消除泡沫的有效途径。     

体育的目的价值分析

价值论方法的介入为我国体育基本理论的研究提供了一种新的有效工具。体育的目的价值必须以人作为目的,目的价值表示的是人的生存意义、生存理想,以及表现为以体育主体的需求为尺度的合目的性;而体育的工具价值表现为以客体为尺度满足体育目的的合规律性。     

山东省城市老年体育消费市场现状分析及对策研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法对山东省城市老年人的体育消费状况进行了调查研究，分析了老年人的消费结构、消费动机及影响体育消费的因素，探索老年体育产业的发展趋势，为老年体育市场的开发提供理论和数据支持。     

对我国运动楼盘的分析与研究

阐述了运动搂盘的概念、特点及在我国的发展前景。当前运动搂盘的发展建设中存在着宣传力度不够、建设不够科学、缺乏专门的体育指导员、管理服务不够合理、缺乏具有真正意义上的运动搂盘房地产企业等问题，并提出了对策和建议。     

NCAA football television viewership: Product quality and consumer preference relative to market expectations

The authors estimate the determinants of college football television viewership across the full quality spectrum of contests and test whether consumer preferences vary based on changes in the attributes of the core product. They utilize national television viewership data at the individual game level over a three season period and estimate numerous consumer demand models using zero-truncated negative binomial regression. The results indicate a lack of support for anticipated outcome uncertainty, but support for contests where actual outcomes are closer than market expectations. Consumer preferences are not consistent across game qualities, which may indicate that game type is linked to variation in the consumer base and reference-dependent preferences. The findings may also explain why the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis is supported in some contexts, but not others. Preference for absolute quality also dominates preference for relative quality. This finding has important implications for contest scheduling. Given the common practice of advance scheduling creates sub-optimal conference and network television schedules, stakeholders could be leaving television revenues on the table.     

Establishing legitimacy in the secondary ticket market: A case study of an NFL market

As a result of the occasional unethical business practices of its members, such as price gouging and ticket fraud, the secondary ticket market for sporting events has struggled to gain legitimacy from the perspective of leagues, teams, and consumers. However, as this industry has grown exponentially in the past decade with the advent of the Internet, entities that resell tickets have implemented several strategies for improving the negative images resulting from these unethical practices. As primary and secondary ticketing operations continue to merge through secondary market sponsorships, teams and other sport properties must carefully consider public perceptions of this market before determining their own level of involvement with it. Understanding what strategies the members of the secondary market use to repair and enhance these perceptions is the first step in making that judgment. The purpose of this study was to examine the legitimacy-building strategies in a National Football League (NFL) market for each segment of the secondary ticket market (scalpers, licensed ticket brokers, and secondary ticket market websites). Additionally, a new strategy for legitimacy-building (legitimacy acquisition) is also presented.     

优秀运动员"运动寿命"解析

界定了运动寿命的概念，分析了运动寿命与年龄、竞赛成绩的关系以及影响运动寿命的因素。