Overcoming barriers to digital government: mapping the strategies of digital champions

Previous research has identified a variety of barriers to digital government, and regularly emphasizes the importance of individuals that navigate institutional contexts and strategically pursue digital government solutions. This exploratory analysis investigates how these individuals understand barriers to digital government and the strategies that they apply to overcome them. Using interviews with digital champions in the U.S government, we extract the tactics employed to overcome these barriers including storytelling, community building, external validation, orientation towards citizen perspectives and a reliance on external peer networks. Results highlight the interconnected nature of barriers and the non-linear quality of strategies, and allow the construction of a theoretical model for structural and cultural barriers and strategies as experienced by digital champions. This model highlights the perceived efficacy and impact of cultural strategies, and the association of these strategies with external peer networks and citizens, and a tension in how digital champions describe actors and approaches introduced from the private sector.     

Report on accreditation learning sets in the West Midlands Region of the NHS

This article reports on the evaluation of the first year of a project, which utilized learning sets to support librarians undergoing the accreditation process, in the health libraries in the West Midlands region of the NHS. The West Midlands Health region is divided up into education consortia patches. Each group of patch librarians was allocated a local accreditation facilitator. The groups met regularly to discuss problems and progress relating to their library’s accreditation. The results of the evaluation suggest that this is a valuable approach to use. The recommendations state that regular, frequent meetings are needed. Extra training and guidance would help the facilitators to be more effective in their role.     

National Health Service Regional Librarians Group: the recruitment and career development of librarians in the NHS

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试析网络杂志盈利的渠道障碍

本文清晰区分了网络杂志和发布平台的概念界线,从网络杂志产业渠道设置现状出发,分析目前的渠道设置在网络杂志盈利问题中承担的责任.本文认为网络杂志渠道设置存在单一渠道重复投放的问题,并造成了受众群体的狭小化、低质化以及网络杂志渠道控制力的低下.根据对单一渠道负面影响的机理分析,本文提出了网络杂志要开辟新媒体平台和精简网站平台的设想.     

Performance indicators in the Oxford Region Library and Information Service: first steps

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强化知识服务:西部社会科学研究的新需求

社会科学研究是一项创新性的科学劳动,需要借助系统的多层面的知识服务.近些年来,随着信息化的不断发展和西部社会科学研究主战场的变化,给地方社会科学院图书馆的服务理念、服务方式和服务水平提出了新的更高层次的要求,迫切需要强化体现西部社会科学研究的地域特色、保障西部社会科学研究重点和支持西部社会科学理论创新的知识产品和知识服务.     

Coercive rhetorical strategy in political conflict: A case study of the Trent affair

In this study the British reaction to the seizure of Mason and Slidell from on board the Trent is examined in order to suggest characteristics of coercive rhetorical strategy. It is hypothesized that the strategy grew directly out of the context which brought together conviction of opinion and ability to use force successfully against an intransigent opponent. The coercive strategy is one of compliance, bringing into play a repertoire of suitable tactics.     

图书馆为区域服务的定位分析与选择

[目的/意义]梳理图书馆与区域的关系,不以简单的服务与被服务进行限定,而从两者包含与互动来认识图书馆为区域服务。[方法/过程]图书馆为区域服务应该从环境与定位入手,重新分析认识图书馆社会职责、重点任务、服务工作内容。[结果/结论]图书馆是区域的组成部分,应以主体意识来发展自己,完善区域构成。图书馆应遵循定位,选准重点建设,筑牢专业的服务基础,为区域的政府决策、科研开发、产业经济、民众生活等提供信息服务。     

民族地区高校图书馆为社会服务的思考

图书馆的社会化已成为当代高校图书馆事业发展的一个重要方向。随着对社会开放的力度不断加大．图书馆的服务日益融入社会生活之中并扮演着越来越重要的角色。民族地区高校图书馆应改变资源单位独享的传统观念，大力开展社会服务，以适应时代的要求。     

Journal usage in NHS hospitals: a comparison report of total usage at an acute NHS Trust and a specialist NHS Trust in the North West of England

BACKGROUND: Health care libraries spend a large amount of their non-pay budgets on the purchase of scientific, technical and medical journals. In a typical hospital library in the National Health Service (NHS) North West Strategic Health Authority (SHA), this can represent between 80 and 90% of the collection development budget. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were collected from 1 December 2005 to 30 November 2006 using COUNTER-generated usage statistics obtained from publishers' administration tools. Between the two trusts included in the study, 93 376 full-text article downloads were recorded; of these, 15 952 or 17.1% articles were downloaded from national core content journals via Proquest. Photocopies made by users for their own use were recorded whenever this data were available. CONCLUSIONS: NHS staff at the sites included in this study recorded a high volume of journal usage. There was a marked difference in usage patterns between the acute and specialist trusts in the study. The journals provided by national core content represented a much higher proportion of total usage at the acute trust (29.9%) compared with the specialist cancer trust (4.5%). This study supports the view that the local purchasing of journal titles is an important component of the overall journal-based information provision to NHS staff.     

"共享工程"与欠发达地区图书馆服务方式的拓展

“共享工程”作为新的资源共享行动,为日渐萎缩的欠发达地区的图书馆的发展提供新的业务拓展契机。这些图书馆应充分利用“共享工程”提供的有利条件,在资源的重组、服务方式的拓展,资源的开发和资源体系建设方面抓住机遇,从而使图书馆的发展走出困境。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区图书馆服务体系建设存在的问题与策略

在"中部崛起"战略方针的指导下,在"鄱阳湖生态经济区"国家规划建设的环境中,如何加强鄱阳湖生态经济区图书馆事业均衡建设与发展,缩小江西城乡区域间的信息服务差距成为关键问题。笔者借鉴国内外图书馆服务体系的经验,结合国内发达地区与鄱阳湖生态经济区图书馆合作建设的现状,分析存在的问题,提出鄱阳湖生态经济区图书馆服务体系建设策略与发展意义。     

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter

This paper outlines the construction of the “official” archives of the South African apartheid state and the distorted view they contain concerning social and political realities. Therefore, the colonial and apartheid legacies are examined in a broader context as an oppressive social and political system, as well as in the more specific context of how their legacy is reflected in the official archives. The development and popular endorsement of the Freedom Charter of 1955 was a seminal moment of challenge to the increasing oppression of the apartheid state. In later decades, the Freedom Charter became an iconic reference point in the antiapartheid struggle and the inspiration for the construction of a constitutional democracy in the 1990s. The process of its creation stands in stark contrast to the processes of creation of official records and archives. The paper also examines the survival of the Freedom Charter and the struggle to save it from auction in London and secure its safe passage to the National Archives of South Africa. Finally, questions of meaning and ideological significance are asked in relation to the role of a National Archives in the current dominant historical narrative.     

网络环境下图书馆信息服务的理念及措施

网络环境下，图书馆要更好地开展信息服务工作，就必须具备大图书馆观，三位一体藏书观，以人为本观，三级读者观，合作与共享观，竞争观和市场营销观。同时，通过采取加大传统信息服务工作的力度，建立图书馆联盟。网上资源的整序及建立学科导航库等措施。使图书馆的信息服务工作逐渐与国际接轨，使其服务范围逐步扩大，服务质量不断提高。以适应社会发展的需要。     

浅谈西部地区基层图书馆服务网络建设——以延安市图书馆流动服务点建设为例

采用光沉积-液相化学法调节电子流向,构建了直接Z型TiO₂/Ag/Ag₃PO_{(4 )}(TAAPO)光催化材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪以及光致发光(PL)光谱仪等手段对其进行表征,并对其在可见光照射下催化降解环丙沙星(CIP)的性能进行了研究.结果表明,当水体pH为3.0,催化剂分散浓度为0.3 g/L,CIP的初始浓度为15 mg/L时,光催化降解体系能够取得最佳的去除效果.在该组条件下,光照120 min CIP的降解率约为99%,并且在经历4个循环后仍然保持了良好的降解效果.在光催化降解CIP的过程中,主要反应活性物种为超氧自由基(·O₂     

Asymmetric Missing-data Problems: Overcoming the Lack of Negative Data in Preference Ranking

In certain classification problems there is a strong a asymmetry between the number of labeled examples available for each of the classes involved. In an extreme case, there may be a complete lack of labeled data for one of the classes while, at the same time, there are adequate labeled examples for the others, accompanied by a large body of unlabeled data. Since most classification algorithms require some information about all classes involved, label estimation for the un-represented class is desired. An important representative of this group of problems is that of user interest/preference modeling where there may be a large number of examples of what the user likes with essentially no counterexamples.Recently, there has been much interest in applying the EM algorithm to incomplete data problems in the area of text retrieval and categorization. We adapt this approach to the asymmetric case of modeling user interests in news articles, where only labeled positive training data are available, with access to a large corpus of unlabeled documents. User modeling is here equivalent to that of user-specific document ranking. EM is used in conjunction with the Naive Bayes model while its output is also utilized by a Support Vector Machine and Rocchio's technique.Our findings demonstrate that the EM algorithm can be quite effective in modeling the negative class under a number of different initialization schemes. Although primarily just the negative training examples are needed, a natural question is whether using all of the estimated labels (i.e., positive and negative) would be more (or less) beneficial. This is important considering that, in this context, the initialization of the negative class for EM is likely not to be very accurate. Experimental results suggest that EM output should be limited to negative label estimates only.     

网络环境下的个性化检索定制服务

在信息爆炸的网络环境下,信息获取效率和准确度成为用户关注的重点,同时又由于用户的个性化需求在进行检索时变得越来越明显,因此,迫切需要数字图书馆能够由被动服务转变为主动服务,为用户提供更加人性化的服务.文章就此论述了个性化检索定制服务的模式和实现方案.