钦州湾表层海水温度盐度及pH值时空变化

根据2009年春夏秋冬4个季节调查资料,分析钦州湾表层海水温度、盐度及pH值的季节变化和分布特征。结果表明：钦州湾海水平均温度春季20．4℃,夏季30．1℃,秋季16．0℃,冬季14．6℃,变化特征与气温的季节变化相同,空间分布为夏秋季河口区的水温都略高于湾口区,而春冬季则相反。海水平均盐度春季20．067,夏季17．975,秋季23．864,冬季23．660,表现为秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,各季节空间分布总体表现为河口区低,湾口区高的趋势。海水pH平均值春季7．82,夏季8．11,秋季8．01,冬季8．10,全年空间分布高值区均出现在大风江口外海域。钦州湾海水比较适宜大蚝、对虾、文蛤等广温广盐性品种的海水养殖。     

港台作家作品中的熟语变异现象之我见

用普通话写作的港台作家作品中所用的熟语受到港台话的影响而发生变异。本讨论共同语的熟语在港台话中的语形变异和语义变异，提出并讨论其变异的方式，以求其沟通普通话和港台话对同义或同形熟语的相互理解。     

杜甫诗歌所叙唐代陇蜀荆湘气候特征

杜甫诗歌具有广义的史学价值。杜甫晚年飘泊诗作的相关描述,较为真实而又全面地反映了唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘沿途城市的气候特征。唐代秦州秋阳杲杲,秋雨迷蒙,秋霜凛冽,秋月凄清,同谷岁暮则雨多雪盛,偶见冬虹;成都四季分明,冷热适中,然时有春旱、夏洪发生;夔州夏秋毒热,巫山雾瘴、云雨、霜雪、雷电变幻莫测;荆州及湖湘东南一带春季早暖,夏季酷热多雨、易发洪水,秋季前热后凉,冬季冷热不均。唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘沿途城市的气候与今天上述各地情况基本相符,杜甫夏秋叹热莫过于夔州与潭州,亦与今天的重庆和长沙同列全国“火炉”城市地位相当。另据杜诗所叙剑门蜀道腊月山花开放,通泉冬季蚊蚋活跃,成都四月黄梅成熟,戎州、泸州六月盛产荔枝,江陵正月嫩荷抽叶、飞燕营巢,潭州正月蜂鸣密林、燕舞江滨,湘潭二月南风蒸地、春热黄昏等情况,唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘一带的年平均气温似应高于今天。     

公平与均衡：发展中国家教育变革的体制探析

均衡发展是发展教育的本质要求。教育体制在很大程度上直接规定了教育体系存在、运行和发展的基本方式,制约着教育资源的开发、配置以及教育各项社会功能的实现。世界各国教育存在方式和发展模式上的种种不同都相对集中地反映在其教育体制上。文章从体制层面来探析发展中国家的教育变革,力图为发展中国家教育变革的公平与均衡提供体制性保障,促进发展中国家的教育发展。     

The social and educational impacts of the first national Down Syndrome support group in the UAE

Although there is a fairly extensive literature on social and educational inclusion of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) in many countries, very little is produced on the life and education of such individuals in the United Arab Emirates. There is an apparent lack of societal interest in the quality of lives of people with DS. The condition of DS is nearly a taboo subject in this part of the world. With only a handful of pupils with DS included in regular schools, and with many myths and misconceptions surrounding the syndrome and individuals, particularly children with the syndrome, the first ever national support group for individuals with DS, their families and their carers was formed in late 2004 in the United Arab Emirates. This paper examines and evaluates the social and educational impact of the support group. The study particularly focuses on the role of such group in promoting social inclusion and inclusion of pupils with DS in regular schools in the UAE. Members (mainly parents of individuals with DS) of the newly-established group participated in two interviews six months apart and the researcher observed group meetings, recorded activities and events over the same period. Views of individuals with DS on the effects and the activities of the group were also gathered through semi-structured interviews.
Participants reported significant benefits from participating in the group, particularly in the areas of promoting social acceptance for individuals with DS. The study found that the group also helped in eliminating and correcting some of the myths surrounding the syndrome and played a role in promoting social and educational inclusion of such individuals. The study ends with a discussion of the findings and recommendations for future practice.     

学术不端的根源、成因及解决对策分析

高校学术不端问题近年来逐渐成为社会焦点问题。对于高校学术不端,主要体现在高校教师和研究生中,高校科研主体存在的学术不端主要体现在剽窃、篡改或伪造数据等方面。高校学术不端对国家创新进程的发展起到了一定的阻碍作用并对社会造成了极大的不良影响。探究高校学术不端的成因、分析其解决对策对当前高校科研发展具有重大意义。     

Quality assurance in Australian higher education: historical and future development

Higher education policies related to quality assurance are implemented in many countries. The purposes of such policies are to ensure the provision for high-quality education, university accountability and transparency in the use of public funding and meeting the needs of the diverse stakeholders. The current Australian Higher Education Quality Assurance Framework was implemented in the year 2000. It can be described that the framework has been enjoyed by universities, academics and other providers in Australia. This paper provides a brief history of quality assurance, its evolution in higher education in Australia and current changes and trends in quality assurance in other developed countries. It then provides an analysis of the success and deficiencies of the current framework used in Australia and suggestions which may be helpful in the development of the new framework. The analysis includes the thoughts of the three authors based on their experience in managing quality and reviews in seven different institutions and the views of more than 40 participants who are staff members from 25 Australian universities.     

高校毕业设计存在的问题及对策

毕业设计是高校教学工作中最主要的实践教学环节,是高校教育教学质量的综合反映。加强毕业设计工作的管理,规范毕业设计的程序,有利于促进高校教育教学质量的提高。     

福州道教文化的兴衰演变

土生土长的福州道教，历史悠久，源远流长。由于福州山多水秀的优越地形的自然条件，早在秦汉时就有方士活动；及至东汉末三国孙吴时，又有道士活动踪迹，同时他们就在方山(福州五虎山，又称虎头山)建有自己活动场所洞元观。此后逐渐发展、繁荣。至宋代趋于鼎盛，明、清、民国时期日益衰微。由此可以看出福州道教文化的特点及演变过程。     

当代文学与对外汉语文化教学

文学是文化的重要组成部分,现当代文学课对留学生文化知识的积累及语言交际能力的养成有着积极的作用。目前,以中国文学作为对外汉语文化教学内容的课程中,普遍存在重古代文学轻现当代文学,而现当代文学中重现代文学轻当代文学的倾向。事实证明留学生对当下中国的现实和鲜活俗白的语言最感兴趣,不论从语言难度还是内容呈现方面考虑,留学生现当代文学课都应该先由当代文学入手。而当代文学部分,要加大新世纪文学教学比重和分量。     

论明清时期广西的历史进程与政区响应——以“道”的演变为中心

明清时期"道"从布政司、按察司的派出机构逐渐演变为一级准政区,是地方行政制度上的一大变化。广西"道"的设置演变,既具有与内地的一致性,又具有自身的特点。明王朝对广西经略的强化、清前期的改土归流和清末的边疆危机,导致广西"道"的设置和辖区频繁调整,充分反映出区域历史进程对政区设置演变的影响。以"道"为中心的政区设置的演变,对广西区域历史进程和边防建设也产生了积极作用。     

Trust in top management and immediate supervisor: The relationship to satisfaction,perceived organizational effectiveness,and information receiving

Utilizing 2068 individuals in 60 organizations in the U.S. and Italy, this study (a) examines the overall relationship between trust in top management and immediate supervisor and overall estimates of satisfaction and perceived organizational effectiveness, (b) compares the amount of variance in satisfaction and effectiveness that can be explained by trust in top management to the amount of variance explained by trust in immediate supervisor, and (c) clarifies the role of information receiving as a predictor of trust in top management and immediate supervisor. Results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the canonical equation explained 49% of the variance in the linear composites (Canonical R = .69, p < .001). Trust in top management was more strongly associated with satisfaction and effectiveness than was trust in immediate supervisor. Tzvo separate multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for geographic location of company and type of industry, information received about job and organizational issues uniquely explained 26% of the variance in trust in top management and 13% of the variance in trust in immediate supervisor.     

Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area （SZIA）, China

Heavy metal contamination of soils, derived from sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides, and so on, has been of wide concern in the last several decades. The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd and Cu in soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd and Cu in soils were modeled using Kriging methods. The results show that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd and Cu contamination in soils. The mean and the maximum of soil Cd are markedly higher than the levels in second grade standard soil (LSGSS) in China, and the maximum of soil Cu is close to the LSGSS in China in 2004 and is more than the LSGSS in China in 1990. The contamination magnitude of soil Cd and the soil extent of Cd con- tamination had evidently increased since sewage irrigation ceased in 1992. The contamination magnitude of soil Cu and the soil extent of Cu contamination had evidently increased in topsoil, but obviously decresed in subsoil. The soil contamination of Cd and Cu was mainly related to Cd and Cu reactivation of contaminated sediments in Shenyang Xi River and the import of Cd and Cu during irrigation. The eluviation of Cd and Cu in contaminated topsoil with rainfall and irrigation water was another factor of temporal-spatial variability of Cd and Cu contamination in soils.     

从泰语和中文教学看中泰两国关系之发展

中国的泰语教学和泰国的中文教学具有悠久的历史,它的兴衰和发展,实际反映了两国关系的发展史。从公元1至15世纪,两国的交往主要靠"重译",即通过第3种语言转译。直至公元1578年明朝政府在四夷馆中开设暹罗馆,中国才有了官办的泰语教学。20世纪成立的南京东方语专是近现代中国泰语教学之滥觞。泰国的中文教学始于阿瑜托耶王朝时期,二战以前泰国华校亦是照搬中国学校的办学模式。二战以后泰国政府限制中文教学,致使泰国通晓中文的人才出现断层。中泰建交后两国的政治、经济、文化交流日益发展,催生了中国的泰语教学和泰国的中文教学的迅猛发展,具体的调查数字说明中泰双语教学的蓬勃兴旺,由此反映并进一步促进两国战略合作伙伴关系的发展。     

孔子的语言观和语言美

孔子是哲学大师,亦是语言大师。《论语》的巨大影响,在于其思想之精深,亦在于其语言之魅力。孔子的语言观具有几个特点：一是言行一致,二是名实一致,三是文质一致,四是时中的方法,五是老实的态度。孔子的语言具有多方面的美学特征：一是匀称美,二是气势美,三是弹性美,四是睿智美,五是自然美,六是崇高美,七是刚力美,八是人格美,九是无言美。孔子的语言观极具原创性,进而影响其思想;孔子的语言美颇有吸引力,进而传播其思想。其语言的深邃和美相得益彰,凸显孔子思想的伟大。     

试论课堂教学环境的内涵、结构及建设策略

课堂教学环境就是学校教学活动中所必须的诸客观条件和力量的综合。课堂教学环境主要包括课堂物理环境和课堂心理环境两层结构,二者相互影响、相互促进。课堂教学环境建设的主体是教师和学生,在教学过程中,师生共同追求各种课堂教学环境因素的动态平衡,进而形成课堂教学环境二层结构的良性循环。     

Do learning environments differ across subjects and nations: Case studies in Hawaii and Singapore using the WIHIC questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to survey a sample of high school students in Hawaii and Singapore about what they perceive to be helpful aspects of classroom environments in their learning of science and humanities subjects. The What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire was administered in the fall of 2003 to 73 high school students in Hawaii and 70 high school students in Singapore. These students were asked to respond to statements that focused on their actual and preferred environments in science and humanities classes for the three dimensions of learning environments of student cohesiveness, student involvement, and task orientation in the actual and preferred classroom. Principal component analyses were conducted separately for the data collected in the science and the humanities classes to make sure that the questions represented the anticipated factors in each of these two subject areas. A three-way multivariate analysis of variance was also conducted for all three dimensions of learning environments for differences in scores on items in the WIHIC questionnaire for the actual classroom subtracted from scores for the preferred learning environment. Results of this test revealed that the primary difference between students in high schools in Hawaii and Singapore was that students in the high schools in Hawaii wanted more student cohesiveness and involvement than the students in high schools in Singapore regardless of the subject. Another interesting finding was in the dimension of task orientation, for which the interaction between student nationality and subject was statistically significant.     

四种英国产香烟烟气中自由基的ESR分析研究

研究了用电子自旋顺磁共振(ESR)法对香烟烟气中的自由基进行分析的样品处理方法及ESR检测方法.对四种英国产香烟样品中的粒相及气相自由基进行了分析检测并对检测结果进行了讨论.结论:大多数英国产的检测样品香烟中,含有1.5～3倍于国产对照香烟样品的气相自由基;而国产对照样品香烟的粒相自由基的含量水平则处于较高水平.实验结果还显示:同品牌的Sobranie香烟中,不同型号样品中粒相自由基含量与焦油含量具有负相关性,但不同品牌则不同;对于检测样品而言,气相自由基的含量与焦油含量有正相关性.     

黄河三角洲旅游城市空间结构的联动发展研究

基于2006-2011年山东省黄河三角洲地区6个主要城市的入境旅游人次和旅游总收入,对山东省黄河三角洲各城市核心-边缘空间结构进行实证研究,阐述山东省黄三角旅游城市的空间演变过程.采用首位分布和位序-回归模型分布的研究方法.得出结论:山东省黄三角城市旅游空间格局在总体上均衡发展的,首位城市首位分布明显,其发展状态趋于良好.而边缘区域的黄河三角洲地区是以东营—滨州为一级核心,核心城市的扩散作用也非常显著;已经形成二级核心城市:烟台的莱州市和潍坊的寿光、寒亭、昌邑;三级核心城市德州的乐陵、庆云和淄博的高青.试图探索一条核心-边缘城市旅游空间结构演化的阶段,运用定量分析方法,并努力揭示其核心-边缘空间结构形成的原因,力图拓展该理论在地理旅游学上的应用,也为类似的旅游城市空间结构提供参考和借鉴.最后,建议联动发展黄河三角洲地域的旅游空间结构,增强区域旅游竞争力.     

求真务实是当代中国马克思主义大众化的根本方法

求真务实是当代中国马克思主义大众化的根本方法。追求科学真理,坚持和发展当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的保障;明辨理论是非,学习和掌握当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的前提;解答现实问题,正确运用当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的实质。