Providing a clearer view: An examination of transparency on local government websites

This study examines the role of content professionalism and public outreach, along with partisanship in the availability of online local public information. Comparing county and school board websites in Florida, the author suggests that online public records serve as a proxy for the entity's overall level of transparency. A content analysis of 134 local government websites reveals that school boards had a higher level of transparency than counties in Florida, while websites with a more professional look and those located in communities with a high Republican proportion had greater transparency than others. Finally, implications for scholars and government leaders are discussed.     

试论国家信息技术政策需求及其内容框架

本文探讨了国家信息技术政策需求和内容框架。     

Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies

In recent years, many governments have worked to increase openness and transparency in their actions. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are seen by many as a cost-effective and convenient means to promote openness and transparency and to reduce corruption. E-government, in particular, has been used in many prominent, comprehensive transparency efforts in a number of nations. While some of these individual efforts have received considerable attention, the issue of whether these ICT-enabled efforts have the potential to create a substantive social change in attitudes toward transparency has not been widely considered. This paper explores the potential impacts of information and ICTs – especially e-government and social media – on cultural attitudes about transparency.     

信息政策研究的新视角——评罗曼的专著《信息政策》

《信息政策》一书的作者从新的视角出发对信息政策进行研究，使信息政策研究上升到一个新高度。论文就该书的特色和创新之处从四个方面给予了评价，并指出了其中所存在的不足。     

A comparative study of e-government XBRL implementations: The potential of improving information transparency and efficiency

This study examines the e-government implementation of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to increase accountability and transparency in business and financial information. The business and financial information gathered in XBRL format is machine-readable and interoperable, thereby improving the ease of public dissemination and analysis. This study focuses on identifying and examining the determinants of successful XBRL implementation and draws from several bodies of literature: e-government, institutionalism, collaborative public management, regulatory compliance, and management information systems to identify determinants of successful implementation. This study selects four diverse implementations: the Netherlands, Australia, the United States, and Singapore. Empirical analysis follows a comparative case study method. The findings of this exploratory study underscore the importance of program goals and strategic alignment in achieving information transparency and efficiency, the advantage of strategies correlating to institutional setting, the critical need to provide incentives for adoption, and the usefulness of incremental implementation. The managerial and theoretical implications of these findings as well as future research opportunities are explored.     

论我国信息政策环境对图书馆事业政策的影响

论文在对信息政策和图书馆事业政策进行概念考察与定义的基础上,研究了我国信息政策影响图书馆事业政策、信息业影响图书馆事业的诸方面特点,初步研究了我国三大图书馆系统章程和条例中对社会信息化背景与图书馆信息职能的规定,较完整地反映了我国当代信息政策对图书馆事业政策的影响,反映了我国图书馆事业发展的政策环境。     

基于WordScore原理的信息政策价值评价模型与方法

文章基于WordScore的基本原理和信息政策价值分类整合方法,构建了政策价值TESCO模型及词表,并以工信部和科技部的信息政策为样本,将政策文本进行语词切分,按照语词的价值属性建立“语词-政策价值”映射,从而提取文本的政策价值取向,并确定该文本或该领域的政策价值结构,比较不同领域的政策价值差异。     

国外高校图书馆信息共享空间用户政策研究

用户政策为信息共享空间有序运行提供了制度支撑,是信息共享空间管理机制的一部分。通过对国外高校图书馆信息共享空间网站进行调研,对其用户政策进行研究与分析,并从完善政策体系、制定人性化政策、政策评估等方面提出了建议,以期对我国信息共享空间的制度建设提供参考。     

澳大利亚高校图书馆个人信息保护政策的研究与启示

以9所澳大利亚高校图书馆发布的个人信息保护政策为研究对象,通过网络调查研究其个人信息保护政策制定的现状。从法律政策指导、个人信息相关概念界定、个人信息收集的目的和内容、个人信息安全的维护、个人信息披露的声明、个人信息的查询与修改、个人信息权利的维护7个方面对澳大利亚高校图书馆个人信息保护政策进行内容分析,对我国高校图书馆个人信息保护政策的制定有以下启示:设置个人信息保护办公室,增强高校图书馆个人信息保护的主动性;并举内容数量,制定高校图书馆个人信息保护政策;构建法律体系,国家加速出台《个人信息保护法》。     

Broadband for public libraries: Importance,issues, and research needs

U.S. public libraries provide free public internet services to the communities that they serve, but require robust, high-speed broadband internet connections to continue meeting public demands. The 2008–2009 Public Library Funding & Technology Access Study (PLFTAS) illustrates challenges that public libraries encounter in achieving broadband connectivity and equipment upgrades, and maintaining acceptable levels of services as they meet continually increasing internet-enabled service demands. This article: 1) analyzes the ability of public libraries to serve as a community-based public internet access point in the context of limited funding and access to telecommunications services and equipment; 2) discusses key policy issues that affect the provision of public library internet-enabled services through broadband; 3) provides recommendations for policy makers to include libraries as part of a larger national-level telecommunications policy; and 4) identifies a number of topics and issues that need further investigation and research in this shifting policy environment.     

Perceptions of transparency of government policymaking: A cross-national study

In the past two decades, governments from around the world have adopted access-to-information laws at a rate unlike any other time in history. This reform in government information policy parallels a global movement of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, which have pressed countries to advance the norm of transparency. Competition in the global economy has also provided a strong incentive for governments to show openness, as business leaders and donor nations contend that access-to-information is critical for efficient markets. Given the growing interaction between governments and transnational firms, and the global emphasis on access-to-information, this cross-national study examines the relationship between business executives' perceptions of transparency in government policymaking, and several indicators suggested in the literature as means to advance the flow of information about government. The study found countries that respondents ranked as ‘most transparent’ had significantly higher levels of access-to-information laws, telecommunication infrastructure, E-Government, free press, and higher income levels, than countries with low transparency levels. Our regression findings indicate that telecommunications infrastructure and free press influenced the perceptions of government transparency in a positive and significant way. The evidence indicates that democracy did not contribute toward the perceptions of transparency. The findings also suggest that nations aiming for openness by adopting access-to-information laws and engaging in E-Government may signal to businesses that their governments are aware of the international norm of transparency—though these conditions are not necessarily sufficient to advance the perceptions of government transparency.     

Political ideology and information technology in government online communication

Government agencies are directed to communicate objective and scientific information to the public, but studies show that political ideology may play a role in how much information governments provide. In this paper I argue that the ideology of a head administrator, and its alignment with agency mission, can restrict the kinds of information that government agencies provide, which may or may not amount to a type of regulatory capture. This impact may also be moderated by the specific media in which the communication takes place. I explore this theory via a case study of the United States Environmental Protection Agency online communication over a period of 32 months, during the years of 2013–2014, under the Democratic Administrator Gina McCarthy, and 2017–2018, under the Republican Administrator Scott Pruitt, via topical terms and document analyses of Twitter posts and web news releases. The information—topics, policies and issues—remain largely consistent across administrations and media channels, but notable distinctions are observed that point to the political ideologies of administrators in office, including a restriction of relevant scientific information on climate change during the misaligned administrator. Moreover, results show differences across media types which may reflect speed and popularity affordances of Twitter compared to website communication. I conclude by discussing the importance of policies to protect against ideological partisanship, and how social media may be better used as tools in government information policy and online communication.     

20世纪90年代以来俄罗斯信息安全政策和立法研究

本文以俄罗斯信息安全政策和立法为考察对象，运用统计分析的方法，揭示了20世纪90年代以来俄罗斯信息安全政策的发展历程及特点，并对俄罗斯在信息安全领域的立法状况进行了介绍。     

Collaborative Stewardship: Building a Shared,Central Collection of Print Legal Materials

Libraries are in an unprecedented period of change. The predominant publishing model is moving from print to digital. Libraries seek to strike the right balance between providing information that today's researcher needs just in time and preserving materials in print for tomorrow's researcher just in case. Legal resources present even greater challenges. This article will reflect how two organizations, the Legal Information Preservation Alliance (LIPA) and NELLCO, an international consortium of law libraries, are currently working together toward a collaborative solution.     

Technopolicing,surveillance, and citizen oversight: A neorepublican theory of liberty and information control

In modern society, we see the struggle to balance the proper functioning of government with the interests and rights of the people to access government information playing out all around us. This paper explores the relationship between liberty and security implicated by government surveillance and citizen-initiated efforts to cast the gaze back at the government (so-called “reciprocal surveillance”). In particular, this paper explores how a neorepublican conception of political liberty, defined as the absence of the possibility of domination, can inform future information policy research in this area. The paper concludes that, to be fully non-dominating, government must respect and provide effective institutional and legal mechanisms for their citizenry to effectuate self-government and command noninterference. Establishing liberal access rights to information about government conduct and mechanisms that ensure that citizens can effectively command noninterference are justified on the grounds that they reduce the possibility of arbitrary, and actual, interference with the right of the people govern themselves.     

The strategic importance of information policy for the contemporary neoliberal state: The case of Open Government Data in the United Kingdom

The article analyses the role of Open Government Data policy as part of the broader public policy agenda of the UK government. A thematic analysis of interview, observational and policy documentation is presented which suggests that since 2010 the Open Government Data agenda has been used strategically by the UK's centre-right coalition government to progress a range of controversial policies, which are aimed at the continuation of the neoliberal form of state through its current crisis. Specifically, the relationship between Open Government Data policy and the neoliberal objectives of the marketisation of public services and privatisation of public assets, the leveraging of financial markets and the pharmaceutical industry, and the embedding of OGD into a broader agenda aimed at rebuilding trust in political elites are analysed. These findings are examined in relation to Braman's (2006, 2011) arguments regarding the strategic implementation of information policy by Governments in the exercising of state power, and the development of the ‘informational state’.     

Information policy, information access, and democratic participation: The national and international implications of the Bush administration’s information politics

Much of information policy is focused on establishing the parameters of information access—ensuring or limiting access to certain types of information. Given how central information access is to virtually every aspect of society, policy can be seen as one of the most significant forces influencing the information society. Recent events, however, have fueled changes in the ways that some governments use policy to shape access, none more significantly than the United States. This paper examines the meanings of and relationships between policy and access, as well as their key roles in society and democratic participation. Following an examination of the historical and social impacts of policies about access, the article analyzes the perspectives of the Bush administration on how policy should shape information access as an illustration of the relationships between policy and access. The paper examines the issues raised by the Bush administration’s views on access and policy and the implications of their policies for the United States, for the global information society, and for research related to information. Ultimately, the paper raises questions about the extent to which information policies about access can be used for overtly political purposes, what might be described as “information politics,” without significantly altering the meaning of information access in a society.     

U.S. Federal Indian Policy: An Essay and Annotated Bibliography

Federal Indian policy in the United States historically reflects both the hard-headed pragmatism of the nation and its quixotic romanticism. Researchers can identify roughly drawn policy epochs and policy motivations, but there were no clean slates as policy shifted. The legal history of a tribe reflects the accumulated—and often contradictory—impact of changing federal policy. Complexity was added to the government's approach by the application of single-minded policies to the exceedingly diverse native groups within the nation's borders. An understanding of evolving federal policy offers useful insights and a basis for creative legal theories.     

数据保存策略与生命周期管理

随着数字资源的膨胀，图书馆将面临资源典藏与存储匮乏的矛盾。引入数据生命周期的概念，控制资源无限膨胀的趋势，达到利用与保藏的平衡点，是本文讨论的重点。