公共档案馆服务绩效评价理论模型研究

弄清绩效评价的实质是公共档案馆服务绩效评价活动有效开展的前提和关键。本文从公共档案馆服务绩效评价理论模型价值分析入手,在分析和总结当前典型评价理论模型的基础上,按照理论模型构建的一般思路,构建出了公共档案馆服务绩效评价的理论模型,并对该模型的基本要素进行了具体阐析。     

Multichannel marketing: An experiment on guiding citizens to the electronic channels

Governments have a variety of channels at their disposal to help them interact with their citizens. Having realized that citizens still prefer the traditional channels, governments are now focusing on ways to lead them to the web. Previously, we have shown that citizens prefer the use of soft instruments, such as communication. Communication instruments are characterized by the transfer of information from government to citizens, for example, by means of mass media or a letter. This study focuses on how a communication instrument—in this case a personal letter—can be used to lead citizens to the digital channel. We also show the effects of the instrument both in terms of channel usage and citizen perceptions. Based on a field experiment, carried out in cooperation with a Dutch national government agency, we show that unobtrusive channel marketing can be effectively used to increase usage of government e-services, without negatively affecting citizens' current level of satisfaction with service delivery.     

Across the Hill: The congressional research service and providing research for congress — A retrospective on personal experience

The Congressional Research Service (CRS), a reconstituted version of the Legislative Reference Service which Congress had launched in 1914 and statutorily gave institutional status in 1946, was established in a 1970 reform law This retrospective is the personal account of one analyst's experience working for CRS from its initial years until January 2009. The account, it should be kept in mind, is highly particularistic, based upon the author's unique experience in one section of a division of CRS with responsibilities for his assigned subject areas concerning government operations and procedures.     

Designing governance for shared services organizations in the public service

As shared services organizations (SSO) become more popular as a service management and delivery option in government, properly defining and setting up the governance structure continues to be a key success factor. This paper explores the options and issues to consider when selecting and implementing shared services governance including topics such as oversight, accountability, culture, management of resources, and of day-to-day operations. Shared services organizations are increasingly common in private sector companies and the particular challenges involved in the governance of an SSO in a public service context are highlighted and discussed.     

Florida public hurricane loss model: Research in multi-disciplinary system integration assisting government policy making

Homeowner insurance rate making is an important public policy issue in the State of Florida. The State of Florida has over 2 trillion dollars of residential properties exposed to hurricane risk. The State has declared that it shall adopt public policy to encourage the use of sophisticated actuarial methods to assure that consumers are charged lawful insurance rates (Section 627.0628(1)(a)). To that effect, the State's insurance regulatory agency, the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (OIR), sponsored the development of a Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM) to assess the risk and project insured residential losses. The FPHLM is an open and public model that has been developed primarily by university experts without influence from either the insurance industry or the state regulators. It is open to public scrutiny and provides an understandable baseline to check the assumptions as well as the outputs of the proprietary models. The FPHLM thus makes the rate evaluation process more objective and less political. It enables the state to justify rejecting or accepting rate increases based on an independent and transparent model, rather than a process that can be influenced politically. As a multi-disciplinary large scale research project with an iterative and incremental development cycle, the FPHLM system development and integration faced numerous challenges varying from technical factors to project management aspects. This paper will discuss the research experiences accumulated during the development of the FPHLM and the impact it has had on the homeowner insurance rate filing process in the State of Florida.     

A hierarchical model of e-government service capability: An empirical analysis

Enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of e-government services at affordable costs continues to be an interesting discussion. Given the lack of guidelines on the effective management of such services, we propose a hierarchical model of e-gov service capabilities and develop theoretical links. We used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate observed data from 102 cities in 26 provinces in Mainland China. Furthermore, we adopted path analysis to explore the potential relationships among the effects caused by the processes involved in delivering e-gov services. Our results may serve as practical contributions to the management and improvement of e-gov service capabilities.     

User centric cloud service model in public sectors: Policy implications of cloud services

This study examines the acceptance of cloud computing services in government agencies by focusing on the key characteristics that affect behavioral intent. The study expanded upon the technology acceptance model by incorporating contextual factors such as availability, access, security, and reliability. The research model was empirically verified by investigating the perception of users working in public institutions. Modeling results showed that user intentions and behaviors were largely influenced by the perceived features of cloud services. Also these features were found to be the significant antecedents of cloud computing usefulness and ease of use. The findings should guide governments' promotion of cloud public services to increase user awareness by enhancing usability and appeal and ensuring security.     

Communication research on a broader age: An introduction to the special forum on funded research in communication

This essay introduces the special forum on funded research in communication. It briefly discusses the relationship of funded research with theoretical and methodological development in the communication discipline and the impact of receiving grant support on the professional life of an academic and on collegiality, resources, and university recognition for a department of communication. It also addresses the potential impact of funded research for strengthening the role and visibility of the communication discipline in the social sciences, and for increasing the impact of communication scholarship on policy.     

Communication research on a broader age: An introduction to the special forum on funded research in communication

This essay introduces the special forum on funded research in communication. It briefly discusses the relationship of funded research with theoretical and methodological development in the communication discipline and the impact of receiving grant support on the professional life of an academic and on collegiality, resources, and university recognition for a department of communication. It also addresses the potential impact of funded research for strengthening the role and visibility of the communication discipline in the social sciences, and for increasing the impact of communication scholarship on policy.     

“公意”与“舆论”之间:五四时期李普曼《舆论》的知识传播和话语实践

基于新发现的袁昌英《公意之源》,并与陶孟和的书评比较,考察李普曼《舆论》作为一种现代性话语在中国的传播与实践的问题。《舆论》推动了近代西方"public opinion"从哲学论述转向现代性的知识和概念,但其核心概念仍融合了"公共意志"与"公众意见"两方面涵义,作为现代性话语尚具有两歧性。这个特征为五四时期的中国学者提供了"舆论"与"公意"的两条阐释路径。陶孟和用书评形式引介《舆论》,关注其在政治心理学上的创新意义;袁昌英则以近似于政论文的形式,评述李普曼的新舆论观、大众媒介观和政治传播观,实已触及现代传播学的范畴。陶、袁都被李普曼的民主理论修正观点所吸引,对于著名的"李普曼-杜威之辩",也有精英主义与大众主义不同的评论视角。从话语实践上看,《舆论》参与了一战以后中国知识界对西方民主制度的反省思潮。     

Across the hill: The congressional research service and providing research for congress — Considering the future

Chartered in 1970, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) has served the Members, committees, and staff of Congress for four decades. The transition from the predecessor Legislative Reference Service (LRS) did not occur without some difficulties, and management of the organization and its personnel are still evolving and, in some regards, unsettled. Considered here are some matters, other than basic organization and mundane administration, which may pose challenges for CRS in the near future.     

我国高校图书馆区域馆际互借的发展和改革

分析目前我国高校图书馆区域馆际互借的几种典型模式及其特点,指出目前采用的手工操作服务模式存在的缺陷,对今后区域馆际互借的改革路向和内容进行了探讨。     

社会治理视域下公众参与档案资源建设的内涵与模式

公众参与档案资源建设既是新时代社会治理赋予的必然权利,也是公众参与社会治理的实践表征.界定社会治理视域下公众参与档案资源建设的概念内涵,厘清三者之间的互动关系,归纳总结国内外公众参与档案资源建设的既有模式,对于明确当下公众参与现状和面临的困境并针对性地提出对策具有先导意义,进而有效凸显社会治理中的公众角色和档案力量.     

从高校科技期刊盈利模式谈期刊改革的分类推进

随着我国期刊改革步伐的进一步加快,高校科技期刊面临激烈的市场竞争,其改革迫在眉睫.目前高校多数科技期刊较少盈利或不盈利,其原因除了认识上的问题,还与期刊的定位、办刊规模、人才储备等有关.高校科技期刊的改革要从改变科技期刊的权属关系入手,改变期刊管理模式,"弱化"主办单位的"主办权",将"主办权"与"出版权""发行权"分离,分层次推进改革,并建立适应期刊市场化运作的人才聘用机制.     

An integrated model of parental mediation: the effect of family communication on children's perception of television reality and negative viewing effects

This study proposed and tested an integrated model of parental mediation involving family communication, parental mediation styles, children's perceptions of televised realities and the actual world, and perceptions of the negative effects of television viewing. A total of 348 Korean adolescents participated in a nationwide survey. The findings demonstrated that parental, instructive mediation, in combination with open family communication, increased not only children's perceived disparity between televised realities and the actual world, but also children's perceptions of the potentially negative effects of television. Restrictive parental mediation styles were also found to mediate the role of open family communication on children's perception of negative effects of television. In contrast, co-viewing mediation was not found to directly affect either the children's perceived reality or their perception of negative effects of television viewing.     

Measuring the inefficiency of Chinese research universities based on a two-stage network DEA model

This paper investigates the inefficiency and productivity of 64 Chinese research universities and their evolution over the recent period of 2010–2013, where the production process of each research university is described as a general two-stage network process. We first develop a general two-stage network directional distance framework with carryover variables to gauge the universities’ inefficiencies. Second, to study the evolution of the universities, we develop a Luenberger productivity indicator to measure the productivity changes over time, as well as decompositions. The empirical results show that the Luenberger productivity indicator increased significantly over the examined period. The productivity gains were primarily driven by improvements in efficiency. In other words, the efficiency increased on average over the period of 2010–2013. However, technical changes for many universities were below zero, which led to technology deterioration on average. Finally, based on the estimates, we propose several policy suggestions for improving efficiency and productivity.     

An investigation into the move towards electronic journals: a case study of NHS libraries in Kent,Surrey and Sussex

Electronic journals are so embedded into practice in academic libraries that it is easy to forget that this is not the case everywhere. In NHS libraries, for example, the staff face a particular set of issues. This article is based on Rebecca England's dissertation on this topic, completed as part of the MSc Econ course in Information and Library studies at Aberystwyth University. Rebecca is E‐resources Librarian at the Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust. She investigated the momentum towards electronic journals in NHS libraries in the Kent, Surrey and Sussex region and the potential for a regional purchasing consortium. AM     

A Local Citation Analysis of a Business School Faculty: A Comparison of the Who,What, Where,and When of Their Citations

Publications of the faculty of the University of Mississippi's School of Business were examined for a citation analysis. The following data were collected: journals cited, which publishers’ journals were cited, age of the citations, and the Library of Congress classification range cited. The results were analyzed by the business school as a whole and by the four major departments in the college: Finance, Management, Management Information Systems/Production Operations Management, and Marketing. The study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the local faculty researchers’ needs, to examine how the library supports their needs, and to compare the local results with the metaresearch focused on specific subject or journal.     

Assessing R&D efficiency using a two-stage dynamic DEA model: A case study of research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Various studies have been devoted to the evaluation of the research and development (R&D) performances of universities and research institutes. However, existing studies tend to focus on static systems, that is, systems with no intertemporal effect. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to assess relative R&D efficiency of institutes from a dynamic perspective. The unified two-stage model proposed by Kao (2017) made a contribution to combining division efficiencies in the multiplier form with frontier projections in the envelopment form in a unified framework. We develop his model in a dynamic framework into which the effects of carry-over activities are embedded across the period. If the dynamic effects in the efficiency measures are not considered, the results will be biased. This is one of the few studies to examine dynamic effects within the framework of the R&D process. Our analysis is based on samples of 17 research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the period of 2012–2015. When compared with the proposed data envelope analysis (DEA) model, results show that the static DEA model may underestimate the R&D efficiency scores. The institutes experienced significant improvements in system efficiency, mainly due to the improvements in transfer efficiency. However, there is still much room for improvement in transferring scientific and technological (S&T) achievements. We also find that the resource scale played an important role in influencing basic research. Finally, the projections of inefficient institutes indicate that most institutes had insufficient carry-over inputs (newly approved projects and management cost) based on the average four-year values, and existing slack resources for managers to improve the future performance.     

Applying the communication theory of Diffusion of Innovations to economic sciences: a response to the ‘Using gossips to spread information’ experiments conducted by the 2019 Nobel Laureates

ABSTRACT

Drs Abhijit Banergee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their remarkable series of large-scale field experiments to lessen global poverty. The main theoretical framework that they employed was the diffusion of innovations research and practice paradigm (DOI) which has had a long presence in communication research dating back to the 1940s. Here, we reviewed the Nobel laureates’ article, ‘Using gossips to spread information: Theory and evidence from two randomized controlled trials,’ that is illustrative of how economists applied the communication theory of diffusion of innovations to their projects of social change. The present article poses questions and makes recommendations for similar future projects from a communication perspective.