Electronic customs innovation: An improvement of governmental infrastructures

This article examines the diffusion of an e-government innovation, a common e-customs standardized solution, which is currently subject of research in the European Union. One of the goals of the European Union is to achieve trade facilitation as well as to secure import and export. In order to achieve this goal, the European Government aims to have a common e-customs standardized solution. For this reason, the European Government provided an e-government model. However, while the e-government model regulates the boundaries of the e-government elements and provides high-level functional and technical specifications, the adoption part is in the hands of the individual EU member states. Procurement of information technology and implementation of e-customs solutions are not specified. The main goal of this study is, therefore, to identify facilitators and barriers that can influence the adoption of standardized e-customs solutions. The research is based on Rogers' theory of innovation considering the technological, organizational, and environmental context. Within the framework of a European funded project, we conducted our study collecting data from interviews and workshops involving an inhomogeneous group of participants, i.e. stakeholders coming from academy, industry, and governmental institutions. By demonstrating the existence of four generic facilitators (benefits potential of the public sector; procedural improvements and streamlined business processes; avoidance of misinterpretations of standardized regulations; and standardization of processes, messages and data models) and three barriers (slowdown in regulation execution due to missing procedural templates, increased complexity in the standardization process itself, electronification of operations) related to customs management, the article contributes towards the research in diffusion and adoption of e-government standards and in particular of standardized e-customs solutions as well as political and societal impact of e-customs policies.     

Public and private value in citizen participation in E-governance: Evidence from a government-sponsored green commuting platform

Citizen participation in E-governance is, essentially, a social exchange between individuals and their government through which the citizen creates public value as well as acquires private value. The direct effects of participation antecedents on participation outcomes have been fully examined, but few researchers have investigated the internal mechanism of citizen participation at the level of psychological value perception. The roles of perceived public and private value between the participation antecedents and outcomes remain unclear. Private value merits careful research in particular as the E-governance environment is being shaped by increasing privatization and continuous IT innovation. Based on the cognitive integration theory and the civic voluntarism model, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to examine the mediating roles of two values. We built a complete research model encompassing ten hypotheses centered on citizen e-participation in the context of green commuting governance. By analyzing survey data on a green commuting platform, we demonstrate the significant mediating effects of these two values and greater effect of private value acquisition on continuous e-participation intentions than public value creation. Our results have important research implications in regards to the roles of perceived values in participation, especially perceived private value.     

A comprehensive framework for the assessment of eGovernment projects

The area of electronic government (eGovernment) has received increased prominence and attention over the last few years. In spite of the current developments, many avenues in the area of eGovernment remain unexplored. One such area is the comprehensive assessment of eGovernment projects. We propose that understanding the value of projects drives the assessment process. Assessment of information technology (IT) initiatives is conducted either as an ex-ante (before implementation) or ex-post (after implementation) procedure. In this study, we present an ex-post framework for the assessment of eGovernment projects. Assessment identifies the value of the eGovernment project post-implementation. This paper examines a three-dimensional framework for the assessment of eGovernment initiatives. The three dimensions are eGovernment maturity level, stakeholders, and assessment levels.     

Joining forces for public value creation? Exploring collaborative innovation in smart city initiatives

Creating public value is a key goal of public administrations, both in their daily business and in the growing field of smart government and smart cities, which focuses on IT-enabled innovations in the public sphere. However, many public administrations still struggle with such innovations due to complex technologies, high investments, and the numerous stakeholders involved. To address this issue, some local governments in continental Europe have turned to collaborative innovation approaches, partnering with (semi-)public utility companies in the hope that their additional innovation assets will boost innovativeness. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how exactly such collaborations should be governed to ensure that the focus remains on creating public value, as utility companies may have their own agendas. To explore this question, we conducted a comparative case study in the context of smart city initiatives with four cases in Swiss local governments. Drawing on agency and stewardship theory, we then propose a model of public-value-focused collaborative innovation, enabling us to explore various collaboration characteristics and their effects on public value creation. Our findings suggest that both agency- and stewardship-based collaborations increase innovativeness. However, while agency collaborations tend to produce smart city innovations that mainly serve the utility companies' business interests, stewardship relationships lead to innovations that are focused more on public value creation. As such, our study extends the literature on the effects of collaborative innovation on public value, and it provides practical recommendations on how such collaborative innovation should be designed.     

Stakeholder influence on technical debt management in the public sector: An embedded case study

Technical debt (TD) entails the shortcuts and unsuitable choices made during the development or maintenance of an IT system, which can result in negative consequences such as inefficiency and instability of the IT system. Digitalizing the government has led to the development of numerous IT systems which must be maintained to prevent decay, standstill, additional costs, and a decline in software quality. Previous studies on TD have primarily focused on the private sector, while TD in the public sector has largely been ignored. Therefore, this case study investigated TD management in relation to two IT systems in a Danish agency. Through participant observations and in-situ interviews we studied actual TD behavior, while stakeholder theory combined with a categorization of TD types and activities served as our theoretical lens. Thus, our study (1) identifies the stakeholders influencing an agency's TD management, (2) maps stakeholders' actions, and (3) identifies stakeholders' influence on TD. We found that TD extends beyond the influence of software developers and is also influenced by the behavior of several non-technical stakeholders, e.g., the European Parliament. We offer practical recommendations for TD management based on these findings.     

Policy making 2.0: From theory to practice

Government agencies are gradually moving from simpler towards more sophisticated and complex practices of social media use, which are characterized by important innovations at the technological, political and organizational level. This paper intends to provide two contributions to the current discourse about such advanced approaches to social media exploitation. The first is of practical nature and has to do with assessing the potential and the challenges of a centralized cross-platform approach to social media by government agencies in their policy making processes. The second contribution is of theoretical nature and consists in the development of a multi-dimensional framework for an integrated evaluation of such advanced practices of social media exploitation in public policy making from technological, political and organizational perspectives, drawing from theoretical constructs from different domains. The proposed framework is applied for the evaluation of a pilot consultation campaign conducted in Italy using multiple social media and concerning the large scale application of a telemedicine program.     

电子公共服务环境影响因素及影响规律分析

随着电子公共服务应用的深入,政府管理者越来越关心哪些因素对电子公共服务水平存在影响、影响规律如何及如何利用这些规律来有效地提高电子公共服务水平等.本文以我国地方政府电子公共服务建设水平为研究对象,首先构建了地方政府电子公共服务建设水平影响因素的分析框架,该框架包括内部环境与外部环境两方面.然后采用问卷调查获取了我国地方政府电子公共服务水平的数据,结合政府行政环境数据,应用因子分析、聚类分析、单因素方差分析等方法对电子公共服务环境影响因素进行了论证与分析.进一步,文章深入讨论了环境影响因素对电子公共服务水平的影响规律.分析结果为政府部门进行电子公共服务建设决策提供了科学依据.     

近距离移动支付用户接受行为研究:基于消费者视角

基于感知价值理论及网络外部性理论,对近距离移动支付的消费者用户接受行为进行研究。通过构建结构方程模型的方法证实影响消费者用户接受该服务的关键因素及作用机理,结果表明感知有用性、便利性、服务交互性和网络外部性对用户感知价值有积极影响,消费者需求程度、创新意识、感知价值对用户接受意向影响较大,感知风险则对用户感知价值和其接受意向具有显著的阻碍作用,而感知成本和服务兼容性对用户行为的影响均不显著。最后,对研究结果、创新点和研究价值进行讨论,提出促进近距离移动支付发展的若干建议。     

档案资源整合视角下的数字档案资源公共服务能力评价指标构建

本文分析了档案资源整合对公共服务能力提升所起的作用,并通过构建基于“公共价值理论”的公共服务能力概念框架选取评价指标。与经典的“公共价值理论”相比,结合数字档案资源的特点,创新性地将“工作人员的素质”、“数字档案资源整合”和“档案管理机构协同”增加到“公共价值理论”的指标体系中,丰富了“公共价值理论”在此领域中的内涵。为了验证评价指标,本文采用面对面访谈和座谈会交流的形式对9个市级、3个省级的相关档案管理机构展开调研活动,从档案管理机构的角度论证了本概念模型中各个评价指标的合理性、实用性和有效性。     

The adoption of centralized customer service systems: A survey of local governments

This study examines the adoption of centralized customer service systems in local governments in the United States. Survey data is used to show the relationship between different factors of E-Government adoption and the implementation of this information technology (IT). The results of this study show that the adoption of a centralized customer service system was related to the form of government that the local government had and being located in a central city. The results also indicated that the sophistication of the local government's website was related to the adoption of a centralized customer service system. The results of this study did not support the claim that larger cities are more likely to be adopters of this type of IT. Other results indicate that only 15% of local governments have adopted this IT. These information systems are well-integrated with existing online communication methods such as email and the internet. The information from this IT is commonly used by local governments for performance management and budget development.     

图书馆信息技术评价系统及其计划风险管理模型研究

实践表明图书馆在积极利用IT时,却经常遇到失败率偏高的问题,因而有必要考虑利用风险管理的理念。本文探讨各国对IT评价系统的重视程度与差异性,分析了IT在评价时所需要的关键步骤与程序,探讨整个评价系统可能存在的潜在问题,结合风险评估方法、修正期望效用理论与项目风险管理技术建立了一套风险管理模型。通过对IT评价系统的分析和项目风险管理模型的建立,期望有助于图书馆科学地利用IT并提升图书馆的IT转移成功率。案例分析验证了我们的结论。     

Analyzing the role of stakeholders in the adoption of technology integration solutions in UK local government: An exploratory study

Over the last decade many governments across the world have intensified their efforts to improve efficiency of public services through Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled transformation of Local Government Authorities (LGAs). Many of these efforts involve implementing new Information Systems and Technology (IS/IT) and integrating various disparate legacy systems to deliver improved services. While there is a surfeit of literature that have outlined the various organizational and technical challenges posed by Technology Integration Solutions (TIS), few studies have examined the role of stakeholders and surrounding challenges when implementing TIS in LGAs. The TIS adoption process involves several stakeholders, each with specific domain knowledge and expertise that are crucial to the success of TIS projects. In this paper, the authors use the concept of stakeholder theory to analyze the role of stakeholders during the TIS adoption process with regards to their perceptions on the factors influencing TIS adoption in LGAs and their involvement on the adoption lifecycle phases. A qualitative multiple case study approach is adopted to empirically highlight the different categories of stakeholders involved in the TIS adoption process, the dynamic nature and importance of their role, and why their domain knowledge and expertise are vital for TIS projects.     

Mapping the challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the public sector: Evidence from public healthcare

The nascent adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public sector is being assessed in contradictory ways. But while there is increasing speculation about both its dangers and its benefits, there is very little empirical research to substantiate them. This study aims at mapping the challenges in the adoption of AI in the public sector as perceived by key stakeholders. Drawing on the theoretical lens of framing, we analyse a case of adoption of the AI system IBM Watson in public healthcare in China, to map how three groups of stakeholders (government policy-makers, hospital managers/doctors, and Information Technology (IT) firm managers) perceive the challenges of AI adoption in the public sector. Findings show that different stakeholders have diverse, and sometimes contradictory, framings of the challenges. We contribute to research by providing an empirical basis to claims of AI challenges in the public sector, and to practice by providing four sets of guidelines for the governance of AI adoption in the public sector.     

开放政府数据的价值测量:特征与方法的比较研究

[目的/意义] 对开放政府数据价值测量的既有实践进行梳理与比较，对未来开展的开放政府数据测量项目提供建议，并为国内学界提供参考。[方法/过程] 对国内外具有代表性的16个涉及开放政府数据价值测量的评估项目和研究报告进行梳理，比较其评估时间、主体、对象、梯度、范围和价值类型，归纳其价值测量方法，并对各类价值测量方法的特点和适用性进行说明。[结果/结论] 厘清了公共部门信息资源、开放数据和开放政府数据这三类评估对象之间的区别与联系，区分了开放政府数据价值测量的三个梯度，即产出、效果与影响，比较了不同价值测量方法的特点与适用性，并对现有开放政府数据价值测量实践存在的问题和难点进行了总结。从特征上看，评估实践总体经历了从评估公共部门信息资源利用和再利用到评估政府数据开放，从侧重单一经济价值到注重综合价值的发展历程。从方法上看，目前实践中采用的价值测量方法可从宏观上分为定量和定性两大类，定量的价值测量方法还可分为基于社会经济指标测算和基于多维度评估框架与指标体系构建两种类型。     

Understanding issues with stakeholders participation processes : A conceptual model of SPPs' dimensions of issues

Over the last decade, expanded participation among stakeholders has been increasingly adopted by both public and private organizations in different domains. This approach is used to strengthen the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making processes about meaningful decisions that will affect their communities. This paper aims to review, categorize, and offer a better understanding of the different issues that stakeholders' participation processes (SPPs). To meet this aim, a systematic literature review has been conducted. This paper has two main contributions. First, it presents a typology of issues that is arranged in nine categories: economic, efficiency and effectiveness, ethical, legislative, political, administration, socioeconomic, stakeholders and social, and technology. Second, it proposes a conceptual model of SPPs dimensions of issues. A real-world scenario of use of the proposed conceptual model and recommendations are presented.     

A communication system approach to the problem of public library legitimacy

Public library systems intersect with both public and private spheres of social life, but how they negotiate public legitimacy and private influence remains a mystery. To better understand this problem, this study adopts a communication system approach. Using qualitative content analysis, this study examines data from three US public library systems. This study analyzes how private actors communicate with and through public library systems by parsing the signals into components: transmitter, receiver, medium, and message. The resulting signals form two dimensions: the Public Sphere dimension, where private actors govern, legitimate, and use the library, and the Private Sphere dimension, where private actors exchange personal services and exert economic power. A view of public and private signals in interaction reveals how public legitimacy is threatened and how public library systems can mitigate these threats. This study reveals how public/private conflicts in public libraries arise and how they might be resolved.     

Public AI canvas for AI-enabled public value: A design science approach

Public agencies have a strong interest in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, many public agencies lack tools and frameworks to articulate a viable business model and evaluate public value as they consider investing in AI systems. The business model canvas used extensively in the private sector offers us a foundation for designing a public AI canvas (PAIC). Employing a design science approach, this study reports on the design and evaluation of PAIC. The PAIC comprises three distinctive layers: (1) the public value-oriented AI-enablement layer; (2) the public value logic layer; and (3) the public value-oriented social guidance layer. PAIC offers guidance on innovating the business models of public agencies to create and capture AI-enabled value. For practitioners, PAIC presents a validated tool to guide AI deployment in public agencies.     

数字资源长期保存的内容价值判断依据研究

从数字资源长期保存的现实意义和历史意义的角度出发,分析数字资源保存的价值,提出以数字资源的内容价值为主的评价原则。在该原则的基础上,以选择性保存为目的,探讨数字资源价值评价依据。最后根据数字资源的价值评估结果,在内容繁杂、质量参差的众多数字资源中,进行分类甄别,并以此确定数字资源长期保存的范围和程度。     

开放资源互操作框架研究

首先,根据不同权益方及其系统在互操作中扮演的角色与作用将开放资源互操作活动参与者归纳为内容提交者、内容管理与发布者、内容消费者及服务支持者4类角色,并据此提出开放资源互操作的内容组成框架,描述和总结各自的目标、功能和实例;其次,在对开放资源互操作已有的各类协议、标准功能抽象的基础上,提出开放资源互操作4层协议参考模型,分别界定各层提供的服务、接口,并列举典型代表;最后,进一步分析和比较几种主要的互操作技术原理、机制及应用需求。     

价值链视域下的公共信息资源服务模式创新路径思考

从企业价值链理论的视角,对信息组织机构竞争战略与价值链进行系统分析,探讨服务模式创新的方法,提出价值服务战略的核心就是如何围绕产品生命周期服务、解决问题集成服务、系统集成服务、价值网络协同服务、价值网络运营服务、信息融合服务、基于IT新功能服务、基于IT系统融合服务和基于IT的网络平台服务的九种价值服务体系采取的服务战略,以此实现公共信息资源服务价值的最大化.