京津水源涵养区生态补偿机制研究

解决京津水源涵养区生态补偿问题,必须在水资源管理、生态补偿方式和经济发展模式方面进行系统创新。当前应强力推进初始水权分配,为生态补偿机制的建立奠定可靠的基础;加快水权制度改革建立水权市场,为生态补偿提供有益的价格信号和基本依据;强化行政调控力度和市场引导功能,建立生态补偿制度化的保障机制;建立并优化生态建设公司运行模式,构建良好的生态补偿管理与协调机制。     

从乡规民约到项目治理:石羊河流域水资源管理制度的历史变迁及治理逻辑

石羊河流域的历史演变与水资源开发利用密切相关。从汉唐到明清,流域内水资源管理经历了从军屯制到民屯制、从正式制度为主到乡规民约等非正式制度管理为主的嬗变;建国以来,伴随流域内工农业活动的加剧,水资源管理制度又经历了从"时间水权"到"水量水权"的变化。石羊河流域综合治理项目是传统水资源管理制度基础上的一项强制性制度变迁,在具有项目治理优势的同时也有其限度,将项目治理和乡规民约结合起来,在政府主导的基础上引导农户积极参与的水资源管理制度是流域内经济、社会、生态可持续发展的必然选择。     

流域水资源管理中的生态补偿问题研究

流域水资源的有效管理应当着眼于制度建设和制度创新,尤其应当注重流域水资源利用中的生态补偿问题的研究与探讨。流域水资源综合利用中的生态补偿问题,不仅要廓清其理论概念,阐明补偿的实质、原则、分类、方式,而且需要研制可操作性强的补偿机制和对该机制的监督保障体系。及时有效地建立中央政府和流域下游发达地区对上游经济欠发达地区的生态补偿制度,达到既可以保护上游生态环境,提高上游人民生活水平,又能促进全流域社会经济的可持续发展的目的。     

西藏自治区水资源可持续开发利用法律问题研究

西藏自治区水资源的可持续利用,对保障及促进西藏自治区社会经济可持续发展有着重要的现实和战略意义。通过对西藏自治区水资源开发、利用现状及立法现状进行分析,可以看出西藏自治区水资源立法理念及模式落后,法律法规彼此冲突,水资源开发利用及保护方面的权限界定不清、生态保护补偿相关法律机制缺失及公众参与水资源立法相关制度缺位等问题,提出转变指导思想、更新立法和执法理念、制定相应流域法并建立流域管理机构、设立水权和生态补偿法律制度及建立健全公众参与的相关制度等建议。     

汉江流域水资源环境保护体制机制研究

以汉江流域为例,盘点了跨流域水资源环境保护体制机制的研究现状及存在的问题,提出了健全汉江流域水资源环境保护体制机制创新研究的思路.讨论指出,汉江流域水资源环境保护体制机制的创新研究重点是加强汉江流域水资源管理体制改革;探索建立和完善水资源环境保护的协商机制、生态补偿机制、投融资机制、法律保障机制、公众参与机制及公共监督机制等.     

关于流域生态补偿机制与模式研究

流域生态补偿机制是解决流域上下游水资源利用和冲突的重要手段之一。生态补偿的理论基础包括环境外部性理论、生态服务功能价值理论、生态资产理论和公共物品等。作为流域管理的一种制度创新,流域生态补偿的分析框架包括：补偿范围的确定性和系统诊断、补偿主体、客体及其责任的界定、流域生态服务补偿的基本原则、补偿标准与环境补偿协议、补偿方式及资金筹集方式、建立生态补偿机制、补偿政策框架和补偿体系的构建、补偿政策的实践和试点经验。目前中国流域生态补偿以政府主导的财政转移支付为主,包括国家生态补偿项目、地方政府主导的补偿模式。同时,以自发组织的市场交易模式、开放的贸易体系为补充。基于中国生态补偿的问题,提出生态补偿的政策建议：建立基于主体功能区划构建全国层次的生态补偿框架,分层次实施生态补偿;增加生态资本投资的收益,构建多渠道融资机制;理顺体制机制,建立流域综合管理机构,并分初期补偿、产业结构调整和优化发展补偿等3个阶段进行资金使用、区域发展规划和管理;构建基于直接损失、机会成本、发展权限制的损失的生态补偿标准。     

黄委印发《黄河水权转让管理实施办法》

近日,黄委结合黄河水资源管理与调度实际,修订印发了《黄河水权转让管理实施办法》,以更加翔实、细致、严谨的条款,规范黄河流域水权转让行为,解决黄河两岸缺水地区制约经济社会发展的水资源“瓶颈”,促进黄河水资源可持续利用与流域经济社会可持续发展的双赢。     

论水权交易制度的建立——以张掖黑河流域为例

内陆河流域要得到长久可持续发展,应首先建立新的水循环条件下的水量分配制度,营造良好的水资源利用秩序,为流域治理和长期的发展奠定制度基础。现以张掖地区黑河部分灌区的水权交易实践为例,对该地区水权交易的具体模式进行了阐释。从水资源配置的概念、水权的界定、水权交易中水量交易与水权转让的不同等角度对内陆河流域水资源的合理配置及相关措施的实施进行了探讨,认为须在内陆河流域建立健全水量分配制度,进而建立水权制度体系,依法治水。     

浅谈流域生态补偿制度的操作性

流域生态补偿制度旨在通过法律制度的途径解决下游地区对上游地区、开发地区对保护地区、受益地区对受损地区的利益补偿,建立完善的、操作性强的流域生态补偿制度,是确保在公平、合理、高效的原则下,来落实流域生态环境保护的有效手段。本文通过补偿主体、补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿金的筹集以及补偿金的管理几个方面来探讨生态补偿制度的操作性。     

基于生态足迹的安徽引江济淮调水生态补偿标准研究

工程调水是缓解区域水资源紧缺的主要途径,补偿标准是跨流域调水建立生态补偿机制的重要内容。文章利用生态足迹模型测算安徽省各市水资源超载系数,分析各市水资源生态服务功能价值,构建生态补偿模型核算引江济淮工程调水生态补偿标准。研究显示：（1）2019年,安庆市、宣城市、六安市和池州市的水资源人均承载力均较大,水资源超载系数为负值,水资源富余,为工程调水水源地;其他8市水资源人均承载力较小、超载系数为正值,水资源不足,为工程调水受水区。（2）水源地和受水区的水资源生态服务功能价值分别占37.35%、62.65%。（3）受水区提供569.06亿元的生态补偿,水源地接受113.72亿元的生态补偿。其中合肥市提供补偿总量的39.98%,为最大等级;其次是滁州市、淮南市提供补偿总量的44.30%。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.