基于生态位理论的国防工业高校科研能力评价指标体系研究

借鉴生态学中的生态位理论,对国防工业高校科研能力进行分析,将国防工业高校科研能力剖析为反映国防工业高校科研态属性的生态位占有能力、反映国防工业高校科研态和势界面属性的生态位适应能力、反映国防工业高校科研势属性的生态位进化能力三个层面,在此基础上,构建一套国防工业高校科研能力评价的指标体系,以期为国防工业高校科研能力的培育与提升提供参考。     

基于生态位理论的技术创新项目选择方法研究

如何选择合适的技术创新项目来支撑企业竞争力的提升成为企业关注的焦点.本文借鉴生态位理论,通过相关文献分析提炼出评价技术创新项目8个关键要素,通过因子分析法将技术创新项目剖析为反映“态”属性的技术创新项目生存能力、反映“态”和“势”界面属性的技术创新项目保障能力、反映“势”属性的技术创新项目进化能力,并从定性角度构建了技术创新项目的评价指标体系,以期为技术创新项目的选择与培育提供参考.     

高校生态位及其评价方法研究

在阐明高校生态位内涵的基础上,根据高校的“态”“势”属性,将高校生态位解剖为生存力、发展力、竞争力三个层面及其相应的七个维度:教学能力、科研能力、社会服务能力、界面管理能力、战略管理能力、资源整合能力、学习创新能力,建立了高校生态位评价指标体系,提出了高校生态位综合评价方法,并进行了实证分析。     

企业生态位及其评价方法研究

本文在阐明企业生态位内涵的基础上,将企业生态位解剖为生存力(反映企业"态"的属性)、发展力(反映企业"态"和"势"界面的属性)、竞争力(反映企业"势"的属性)等3个层面及其相应的6个维度:生产制造能力、核心技术能力、界面管理能力、战略管理能力、营销管理能力、学习创新能力,并建立了企业生态位综合评价的方法。     

基于生态位测度的文化创意产业发展研究

基于2009-2012年上海文化创意产业企业层面的经济活动数据,运用生态位理论和相应的测度方法对文化创意产业九个子产业的生态位宽度、重叠度以及“态”和“势”进行计算和分析。根据“态”和“势”的组合,将上海文化创意产业划分为四个象限,并根据“态”和“势”分布情况计算了它们的综合生态位。最后,根据对“态”和“势”的诊断,提出上海文化创意产业发展的相关对策建议。     

创新网络结构演化对技术生态位影响的实证分析

借鉴态势理论,通过技术生态位“态”的分析,从量上衡量节点的技术创新能力,通过技术生态位“势”的分析,从增长率上衡量节点技术创新能力对网络环境的潜在影响力。运用社会网络分析法,以2003-2015年间移动通讯终端联合申请发明专利数据为样本,分析不同时期移动通讯终端创新网络的演化规律,研究发现移动通讯终端创新网络结构由原来松散型、简单型逐渐向紧凑型和复杂型演化。在此基础上,计算了网络演化的结构特征值,对网络结构与技术生态位“态”和技术生态位“势”的关系进行了回归分析,实证结果发现：度数中心度与技术生态位“态”呈倒U型关系;度数中心度、结构洞和关系强度与技术生态位“势”均呈倒U型关系。     

企业文化生态位测度系统：量表开发与基模构建

本文源于企业文化建设实效性、情景性的现实需求,基于生态位“态”“势”理论, 借鉴DenisonOCQ企业文化测度模型的相关指标与其他本土研究成果,建立包括“态”（企业文化特征）、“势”（企业文化价值）两个子系统的企业文化生态位系统,将企业文化测度模型由强调内在禀赋的考量拓展到对经营绩效作用强度的评价。首先,运用SSIP过程聚焦已有研究成果及企业需求确定企业文化生态位测度系统的初始指标,继而使用因子分析方法对初始指标进行修正归纳,开发出新量表,进一步提升企业文化测度指标的适用性和准确性。其次,据此建立企业文化测度生态位系统基模,运用VensimPLE软件进行仿真模拟,分析企业文化生态位系统基模各构成因子、子系统间的正反馈关系,验证其系统性、动态性及有效性。     

基于生态位测度的文化创意产业发展研究——以上海市为例

基于2009—2012年上海文化创意产业企业层面的经济活动数据,运用生态位理论和相应的测度方法对文化创意产业9个子产业的生态位宽度、重叠度以及"态"和"势"进行计算和分析。根据"态"和"势"的组合,将上海文化创意产业划分为四个象限,并根据"态"和"势"分布情况计算了它们的综合生态位。最后,根据对"态"和"势"的诊断,提出上海文化创意产业发展的相关对策建议。     

区域创新生态圈自主进化能力评价及实证研究

基于多维超体积生态位理论,从创新综合生态位、创新生态位宽度以及创新生态位重叠度3个维度对区域创新生态圈自主进化能力进行评价。结果发现：创新综合生态位显示我国区域创新生态圈整体自主进化能力较弱;地区创新发展不平衡,呈南强北弱、东中西阶梯状分布并依次减弱趋势;从创新综合生态位和创新生态位宽度二维角度将区域创新生态圈划分为明星类、金牛类、幼童类、中庸类和“瘦狗”类五种类型;创新生态位重叠度显示区域创新生态圈面临的外部竞争压力大,且呈地域集聚性竞争。     

战略性新兴产业技术创新联盟合作伙伴选择及评价研究——基于技术生态位视角

结合战略性新兴产业属性特征,基于技术生态位视角,对联盟合作伙伴技术生态位的"态"和"势"进行分析。在此基础上,构建联盟合作伙伴技术生态位评价指标体系,并运用灰色模糊综合评价法对备选伙伴选择进行验证。研究有利于为联盟选择和评价合作伙伴提供指导。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence